Arboriculture and Urban Forestry最新文献_第3页

Soil Moisture as Predictor of Plant Water Status 土壤水分作为植物水分状况的预测因子

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.011

Johannes Hertzler, S. Rust

引用次数: 0

Structural Pruning in Callery Pear Does Not Change Apparent Branch Union Strength in Seventh Year Static Load Field Testing 梨结构修剪对7年静载试验枝条表观结合强度影响不大

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.013

Richard G. Rathjens, T. Sydnor, J. Grabosky, G. Dahle

{"title":"Structural Pruning in Callery Pear Does Not Change Apparent Branch Union Strength in Seventh Year Static Load Field Testing","authors":"Richard G. Rathjens, T. Sydnor, J. Grabosky, G. Dahle","doi":"10.48044/JAUF.2021.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/JAUF.2021.013","url":null,"abstract":"Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) is a tree notorious for poor branch union and breakage during storms. Structural pruning is a pruning technique that can be practiced on young trees to strengthen tree branch attachment. Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Redspire’) was structurally pruned and allowed to grow for 7 years and compared to an unpruned control. A breaking device was used to determine branch strength by providing a static load to simulate a snow or ice load. Branches from pruned and unpruned trees were pulled to failure to observe any difference from pruning. Regardless of the structural pruning treatment, trees that were unpruned were larger in diameter at breast height (DBH) and width at the end of the test. No differences were found in testing branch union strength for either pruned or unpruned trees, suggesting that more time is needed to determine the long-term benefits of structural pruning. Branch tissue moisture content was greater than trunk tissue both in immediate post-harvest testing and in samples over time. Also, branch moisture content observations suggested the time available for field testing branch union strength could be as much as 5 to 9 days after harvest.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"2 1","pages":"123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83415103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Changes in Leaf Thickness, Chlorophyll Content, and Gas Exchange of a Landscape Tree, Xanthostemon chrysanthus, Treated with Paclobutrazol and Potassium Nitrate 多效唑和硝酸钾处理对景观树黄茎叶厚度、叶绿素含量和气体交换的影响

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.005

A. Roseli, T. F. Ying, N. Osman

{"title":"Changes in Leaf Thickness, Chlorophyll Content, and Gas Exchange of a Landscape Tree, Xanthostemon chrysanthus, Treated with Paclobutrazol and Potassium Nitrate","authors":"A. Roseli, T. F. Ying, N. Osman","doi":"10.48044/JAUF.2021.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/JAUF.2021.005","url":null,"abstract":"Paclobutrazol (PBZ)(0 g L-1, 0.125 g L-1, and 0.25 g L-1) and potassium nitrate (KNO3)(0 g tree-1, 100 g tree-1, and 200 g tree-1) were tested on a landscape tree, Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth., in an attempt to enhance its stress tolerance under harsh urban conditions. Significant effects on tree height, diameter at breast height, canopy diameter, leaf area, and anatomy of tree leaves and stems in response to PBZ and KNO3 have been previously reported; in addition to these, the influences on leaf thickness and leaf physiology, including chlorophyll content and gas exchange, are discussed in this study. Relative chlorophyll content was significantly increased with PBZ and/or KNO3, enhancing leaf greenness. Increased leaf thickness of up to 13.37% at 6 months after treatment with a combination of PBZ and KNO3 was observed. The presence of PBZ significantly reduced the photosynthetic and transpiration rates and stomatal conductance. Reduced leaf physiological traits combined with thicker leaves would be beneficial for trees to tolerate harsh urban settings. Therefore, a combination of PBZ and KNO3 is recommended for stress tolerance enhancement of X. chrysanthus grown as a landscape tree.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75541404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Efficacy of Flupyradifurone, Pyriproxyfen and Horticultural Oil, and Dinotefuran Against Gloomy Scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa Comstock) 氟吡呋酮、吡丙醚、园艺油和呋虫胺对黑斑蝶蚧的防治效果

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.006

K. Chase, Elden LeBrun, C. Rigsby

{"title":"Efficacy of Flupyradifurone, Pyriproxyfen and Horticultural Oil, and Dinotefuran Against Gloomy Scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa Comstock)","authors":"K. Chase, Elden LeBrun, C. Rigsby","doi":"10.48044/JAUF.2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/JAUF.2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"Gloomy scale (GS)(Melanaspis tenebricosa) is a major pest of red maple (Acer rubrum) across much of the eastern USA. Current pesticide recommendations for GS management are efficacious when applications are made at the appropriate time. However, appropriate timing may not always be possible. For instance, the tree owner may not contact pest management professionals in time to make timely applications. We established a field trial to determine the efficacy of the pesticides pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil and dinotefuran, as well as a relatively new pesticide available in the ornamental woody plant market, flupyradifurone, against GS. There were three primary goals of this study: (1) to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil and dinotefuran; (2) to compare flupyradifurone with these two generally recommended treatments; and (3) to assess whether flupyradifurone is effective when applications are made later in the summer. We found that pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil, dinotefuran, and flupyradifurone applications made during the active crawler period were equally efficacious, statistically, and that flupyradifurone treatments applied later in the summer were not statistically differentiable from untreated controls. While these pesticide applications are effective at suppressing GS populations, plant health care tactics aimed at preventing outbreaks should be prioritized and incorporated into the complete pest management strategy.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"67 1","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83587852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations for Management of Foliar Pathogens of Urban Trees 城市树木叶面病原菌诱导剂和合成杀菌剂组合的评价

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.008

G. Percival, S. Graham

{"title":"Evaluation of Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations for Management of Foliar Pathogens of Urban Trees","authors":"G. Percival, S. Graham","doi":"10.48044/JAUF.2021.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/JAUF.2021.008","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanaged, foliar pathogens of urban trees can be detrimental to tree health and aesthetics. Overreliance on synthetic fungicides increasingly means alternative means of pathogen management are now required. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the efficacy of 3 commercially available agents, harpin protein, salicylic acid derivative, and liquid chitosan, which can initiate induced resistance (IR) in plants. IR agents were applied independently and in combination with a synthetic fungicide (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) against 2 foliar pathogens (Venturia pirina and Guignardia aesculi) under field conditions with Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ Bon Chrétien’ and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) acting as tree hosts. These agents were tested over 3 consecutive years. In 4 of 5 field studies, the use of an IR agent alone reduced pathogen symptom severity, increased fruit/seed yield, and enhanced leaf chlorophyll content. In virtually all studies, application of boscalid + pyraclostrobin at 2/3 strength plus an IR agent provided the same degree of pathogen control as boscalid + pyraclostrobin at full strength. Application of boscalid + pyraclostrobin at 1/3 strength plus an IR agent provided a reasonable degree of foliar pathogen control. Results showed that a combined mix of an IR agent with a 1/3 reduced dose of boscalid + pyraclostrobin was as effective at reducing symptom severity of 2 foliar pathogens as boscalid + pyraclostrobin applied at full strength, provided at least 4 sprays were applied during a growing season.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"3 1","pages":"85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82374140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Stormwater Management: Can Tree Roots and Structural Soils Improve Hydraulic Conductivity into Compacted Soils? 城市雨水管理:树根和结构性土壤能提高土壤的水力导电性吗?

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.007

L. Ow, D. Chow

{"title":"Urban Stormwater Management: Can Tree Roots and Structural Soils Improve Hydraulic Conductivity into Compacted Soils?","authors":"L. Ow, D. Chow","doi":"10.48044/JAUF.2021.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/JAUF.2021.007","url":null,"abstract":"Typically, surface precipitation runoff is a key source of flooding and water pollution in urban communities, and the costly and time-consuming process of installing bio-retention basins is one approach to overcoming these challenges. The implementation of structural soils in bio-retention basins designed to receive and retain stormwater provides these systems with additional functions to bear loads and facilitate tree root growth and exploration. The channels that tree roots produce as they grow can also aid in the flow of water down the soil profile. In this study, the potential for tree roots to penetrate compacted soils and increase rates of hydraulic conductivity were examined alongside the use of structural soil in the context of urban stormwater systems. For the first experiment, Pouteria obovata and Calophyllum soulattri together with a control (without tree) were placed in cylindrical planting sleeves surrounded by compacted clay loam at two compaction levels (bulk densities of 1.45 g cm−3 and 1.66 g cm−3). Roots of both species penetrated the compacted soil, and hydraulic conductivity was increased by an average of 50%. In the second experiment, the same species were grown in structural soil, and a geotextile separated the compacted soil (bulk density of 1.66 g cm−3) from the structural soil (compacted). A greater number of roots as well as larger root diameters from Pouteria obovata penetrated the geotextile, and hydraulic conductivity was enhanced twofold when compared to the controls that had no trees. Growing woody rooting plants and installing structural soils within urban stormwater systems may confer benefits of increased water infiltration and enhanced root development, alongside potential overall improvements to tree health for stormwater control systems in urban environments.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"47 1","pages":"72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86548616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Editor’s Note: A Call to Action 编者注:行动呼吁

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-01-04 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.001

C. C. Konijnendijk van den Bosch

引用次数: 0

Tracking Changes to Urban Trees over 100 Years in Ithaca, NY, USA 追踪美国纽约州伊萨卡市100年来城市树木的变化

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-01-04 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.002

F. Cowett, N. Bassuk, J. Grace, K. Vorstadt

{"title":"Tracking Changes to Urban Trees over 100 Years in Ithaca, NY, USA","authors":"F. Cowett, N. Bassuk, J. Grace, K. Vorstadt","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"Municipally managed urban trees provide environmental, social, and economic benefits. Continued provision of these benefits depends on the health and sustainability of these trees, which depends in turn on tree managers having the type of information usually found in a tree inventory. The city of Ithaca, New York, USA possesses 7 inventories of its street and park trees dating back to 1902. This paper uses the data contained in these inventories to assess the health and sustainability of the city’s street and park tree populations. Attention is given to the structure of these populations with emphasis placed on species and genera diversity and DBH size class distributions. Prior to 1987, the city’s municipal tree population was dominated by a few species, such as Norway maple (Acer platanoides), and genera such as maples (Acer) and elms (Ulmus), and the DBH size class distribution was skewed unsustainably towards older trees. From 1987 onwards, new plantings have significantly increased species and genera diversity, and the DBH size class distribution suggests sufficient younger trees to account for tree mortality and removals. These changes did not occur quickly due to the persistent legacy effect of past planting preferences and practices, but required a consistent effort by municipal tree managers over many years. As a result, based on an analysis of the most recent tree inventory conducted in 2019, the city’s street and park trees and the benefits they provide look to be on a more sustainable footing, although challenges still remain.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"101 1","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Activity of Stem-Injected and Soil Applied Imidacloprid Against Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Great Smoky Mountains 吡虫啉茎灌与土施对大烟山铁杉毛蚜的防治作用

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-01-04 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.003

Joseph J. Doccola

{"title":"Activity of Stem-Injected and Soil Applied Imidacloprid Against Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Great Smoky Mountains","authors":"Joseph J. Doccola","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.003","url":null,"abstract":"Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carrière) is an important component of the riparian ecosystem. Due to the widespread establishment of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand)(HWA) across the range of eastern hemlock, woodland trees may be infested for extended periods (years), resulting in their decline. Imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, may be used as a strategy in forested settings to manage HWA while more long-term solutions become established, such as biological controls. Symptoms of prolonged infestation include extensive dieback and thinned canopies. In this study, trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 24.7 ± 2.7 SD cm in poor condition were treated with imidacloprid. Trees were treated once by trunk-injection (IMA-jet) or by soil drench in the Greenbrier area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, TN, USA. Changes in tree growth and HWA density were measured for 3 consecutive years. Imidacloprid-treated trees recovered, whereas the untreated trees declined. Imidacloprid treatments resulted in significantly higher 3-year mean percent growth (65.6% to 71.7% of tips) compared to the untreated controls (10.5% of tips). HWA density 3-year means in the imidacloprid-treated trees (0.10 to 1.09 per cm) likewise were statistically different to the untreated trees (2.72 per cm). The extended activity of imidacloprid-treated hemlock was attributed to storage in the symplast (xylem ray parenchyma) and to perennial needle retention. This study demonstrates that trunk-injection with IMA-jet is effective against HWA and comparable with soil drench to protect trees in the long term (≥ 4 years).","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90521316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Resources Initiative: A University Model for Clinical Urban Forestry Education 城市资源倡议:大学临床城市林业教育模式

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-01-04 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.004

C. Scanlan, Danica A. Doroski, Colleen Murphy-Dunning, M. Ashton

{"title":"Urban Resources Initiative: A University Model for Clinical Urban Forestry Education","authors":"C. Scanlan, Danica A. Doroski, Colleen Murphy-Dunning, M. Ashton","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"As urban land cover increases around the globe, it is increasingly important to train competent urban forestry professionals for the future. Urban Resources Initiative (URI), a program of the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and an affiliated New Haven-based nonprofit, has provided field experience and learning opportunities for professional graduate students in urban and community forestry for over 25 years. URI’s clinical training programs are uniquely designed to equip students with both technical skills and social competencies. They do this by working with local residents, municipal staff, and community leaders to promote community-based land and tree stewardship, restore neglected open spaces, and build social cohesion in urban neighborhoods. We used a mixed-method approach, which included semi-structured interviews with current and past URI interns as well as an online survey, to determine long-term impacts and learning outcomes from URI’s clinical training programs. We also evaluated archival program documents to examine key programmatic features and confirm interview and survey trends. Survey and interview responses revealed that in addition to having gained key technical field skills, interns also obtained skill sets associated with the social dimensions of urban forestry. One-third of survey respondents identified effective “strategies for community engagement” as the most significant learning outcome from their internship experience. URI’s program can serve as a unique and effective model for clinical training in urban forestry higher education, particularly for universities and nongovernment organizations interested in integrating a stronger social or community engagement component to their programs and curricula.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"54 1","pages":"34-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85068308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1