Arboriculture and Urban Forestry最新文献_第2页

Professional Expertise and Its Role in Risk Assessment 专业知识及其在风险评估中的作用

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.021

Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Gail M Hansen, L. Warner, Adam Dale, J. Watt

{"title":"Professional Expertise and Its Role in Risk Assessment","authors":"Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Gail M Hansen, L. Warner, Adam Dale, J. Watt","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.021","url":null,"abstract":"Professional judgment is derived from a person’s intuition, training, and level of expertise. When exploring the influence that expertise has on the process of tree risk assessment, it is helpful to approach the topic in relation to its impact across various related fields and disciplines. This paper reviews the effects of arboricultural and tree risk assessment training on the assessor and overall tree risk assessment methodology through the lens of professional judgment and decision making. Additionally, the topic of risk perception is explored based on how it can affect decision making. Concepts and theories related to risk perception are applied to arboriculture and tree risk assessment to provide additional insight into how subjectivity and personal bias may affect recommendations, mitigation, and the overall management of our urban forests. The review finds that an individual’s perception of a risk can be equally as influential as the reality of the risk on the decision-making process, recommendations, and subsequent outcomes of an assessment. Furthermore, experts, similar to novices, are susceptible to the influence of perceived risk. Much of the available research has suggested that the acquisition of professional expertise (i.e., previous experience, training, and accreditation) can result in decision making that is more closely tied to the reality of a risk. Ultimately, a great deal remains unknown regarding our understanding of professional expertise and its influence on the tree risk assessment process.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70556865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Erratum: The Microclimatic Effect of Green Infrastructure (GI) in a Mediterranean City: The Case of the Urban Park of Ciutadella (Barcelona, Spain) 地中海城市绿色基础设施(GI)的小气候效应:以Ciutadella城市公园(西班牙巴塞罗那)为例

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.020

María del Carmen Moreno-García, Ignacio Baena

引用次数: 4

Urban Forest Governance in the Face of Pulse Disturbances—Canadian Experiences 脉冲干扰下的城市森林治理——加拿大经验

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.023

C. Konijnendijk, Lorien Nesbitt, Zach Wirtz

{"title":"Urban Forest Governance in the Face of Pulse Disturbances—Canadian Experiences","authors":"C. Konijnendijk, Lorien Nesbitt, Zach Wirtz","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.023","url":null,"abstract":"\"The sustainable provision of urban forest benefits can be threatened by the occurrence of sudden, major disturbance events, such as forest fires, insect outbreaks, and extreme weather events, which are considered to be “pulse” disturbance events from a socio-ecological systems perspective. Sound urban forestry programs are needed to prepare for these disturbances and reduce their negative impacts. To investigate the role of governance in building more resilient urban forest socio-ecological systems, the relation between pulse disturbances and urban forest governance was studied in 4 Canadian cities. Our study of local urban forestry included expert interviews with local urban forest governance actors, document analysis, and site visits. The Policy Arrangement Approach was applied to structure and analyse urban forest governance. Findings show that all cities had seen a development of their urban forestry programs and governance over time, such as development of staff and formal plans, as well as alliances with key partners. Pulse disturbances seem to have played an important role in the development and sometimes reorientation of urban forestry programs. Although disturbances often had devastating impacts, having a strong urban forestry program in place, including strong alliances with, e.g., industry partners or NGOs, was considered important for handling the aftermath of these events. Efforts had also been made to be better prepared for future disturbances through further professionalization, development of plans, guidelines, and best practices, capacity building through partnerships, and setting up better real-life information systems in support of decision making. Results can inform urban forest governance and urban forestry programs in Canadian cities and elsewhere.\"","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41665710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Is Street Tree Diversity Increasing in New York State, USA? 美国纽约州街道树木的多样性在增加吗?

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.018

F. Cowett, N. Bassuk

{"title":"Is Street Tree Diversity Increasing in New York State, USA?","authors":"F. Cowett, N. Bassuk","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.018","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity in tree populations is viewed as essential for protecting the public investment in urban trees and for preserving the environmental, social, and economic benefits that these trees provide. It is therefore crucial for officials responsible for the management of municipal trees to know the diversity of their municipal tree populations and whether their efforts to increase diversity have been effective or should be modified. We assessed street tree diversity in New York State, USA by analyzing municipal street tree inventory data from two data sets, the first comprised of 75 inventories collated from municipalities, and the second comprised of 32 sets of inventories conducted at multiple points in time. This analysis builds on two previous papers containing similar assessments by analyzing more current data and by calculating diversity index statistics and relative abundance percentages for prevalent street tree species and genera. Findings indicate that there has been substantial progress to increase street tree diversity in New York State. This progress is correlated with reductions in the dominance of Norway maple (Acer platanoides), the state’s most prevalent street tree species (17% of street trees statewide), and in the dominance of maple (Acer), the state’s most prevalent street tree genus (35% of street trees statewide). Work remains to be done to further increase species and genus diversity so as to meet the challenges posed to municipal street tree populations by invasive pests and climate change. Strategies are proposed for accomplishing this.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Effects of Residential Street Tree Spacing and Crown Interactions on Crown Dimensions and Canopy Cover 住区行道树间距和树冠相互作用对树冠尺寸和冠层盖度的影响

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.017

B. Aryal, J. Steenberg, P. Duinker

{"title":"The Effects of Residential Street Tree Spacing and Crown Interactions on Crown Dimensions and Canopy Cover","authors":"B. Aryal, J. Steenberg, P. Duinker","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.017","url":null,"abstract":"Urban trees provide people with a range of ecosystem services. Trees planted along streets have been a large focus of urban forest research and practice, and municipalities invest significant resources in their survival. However, the optimal spacing of street trees is not addressed in the scientific literature, and existing municipal street tree spacing standards are highly variable and poorly enforced. In this study, we examine variability in crown shape and size for street trees to test for possible interaction effects at closer spacings. We measured variability in crown diameters both parallel and perpendicular to street tree rows to test whether changes in crown dimensions can be explained by interaction effects with neighbouring trees, and whether crown interactions lead to a reduction in total crown projection area (i.e., canopy cover). We measured the crown dimensions and diameter at breast height of 1,338 street trees in Halifax, Canada. We used two-way analysis of variance to test whether crown shape and crown projection area were affected by crown interactions and spacing. We found that the effect of narrower spacing and interactions (i.e., crowns touching/overlapping) among trees translated to crowns extending away from the direction of interaction. We also found that these changing crown dimensions were associated with increases in canopy cover. Urban forest ecosystems are a vital resource for the increasingly urban population. There is a need for empirical research on spacing standards and practices that investigate their influence on the supply of ecosystem services, such as stormwater retention, air pollution removal, and cooling.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46475179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calcium and Silicon Fertiliser Influence on Fungicide Efficacy Against Guignardia Leaf Blotch and Apple Scab Management 钙硅化肥对多节菌叶斑病和苹果赤霉病防治效果的影响

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.016

G. Percival, S. Graham

{"title":"Calcium and Silicon Fertiliser Influence on Fungicide Efficacy Against Guignardia Leaf Blotch and Apple Scab Management","authors":"G. Percival, S. Graham","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.016","url":null,"abstract":"Management of fungal diseases within urban landscapes relies heavily on repeat fungicide sprays. Environmental concerns have led to a need to eliminate or reduce fungicide use. Foliar sprays of calcium- (Ca) and silicon- (Si) based fertilisers have been shown to reduce symptom severity of several fungal pathogens. The aim of our research was to evaluate the influence of Ca chloride, Ca metasolate, tetra ethyl silicate, and potassium silicate fertilisers, applied independently and in combination with a synthetic fungicide (penconazole) at full and half strength, on apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and Guignardia leaf blotch (Guignardia aesculi) symptom severity, as well as leaf chlorophyll content, fruit yield, and crown volume. Trials used container-grown Aesculus hippocastanum and field-grown Malus domestica cv. ‘Golden Delicious’. Applications of Ca, Si, and penconazole sprays alone significantly reduced scab and leaf blotch severity compared to water-sprayed controls; however, a significant difference between the type of Ca and Si fertilisers was recorded. A combined mix of a Ca or Si fertiliser with a full or half dose of penconazole was more effective at reducing symptom severity of both foliar pathogens than a full or half dose of penconazole alone. Data analysed with Limpel’s formula indicated positive synergistic effects between Ca and Si and penconazole in some, but not all, cases. The integration of Ca and Si foliar sprays as an alternative to, or additive with, penconazole for scab and leaf blotch management appears feasible based on results of our studies and may have applicability against other fungal pathogens.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42911122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Tree Growth Characteristics of Four Common Species in South Germany 德国南部四种常见树种的城市树木生长特征

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.015

A. Moser-Reischl, T. Rötzer, S. Pauleit, H. Pretzsch

{"title":"Urban Tree Growth Characteristics of Four Common Species in South Germany","authors":"A. Moser-Reischl, T. Rötzer, S. Pauleit, H. Pretzsch","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.015","url":null,"abstract":"Urban trees are important, green features of cities. However, knowledge of the size development of frequently planted tree species, which is the basis for modeling environmental benefits of urban trees, is mostly limited. Within this study, allometric relationships for tree structures like tree height, crown parameters, and leaf area were developed for 4 common urban tree species in South Germany (horse chestnut [Aesculus hippocastanum], small-leaved lime [Tilia cordata], black locust [Robinia pseudoacacia], and plane tree [Platanus × hispanica]). Growth and size differences between different tree species, cities, and planting sites (street, park, square) were analyzed. Moreover, the above- and belowground growing conditions were compared and their influences on growth analyzed. Marked differences in the structural development between species were found, mostly due to their species characteristics. Fast growing species (e.g., R. pseudoacacia) also showed fastest development of the tree structures compared to other species. Differences between cities were minor, especially for trees younger than 100 years, whereas the variation of growing conditions within cities strongly influenced their growth. Park trees mostly had greater tree structures compared to trees at other growing sites, though this was also species-dependent. Above- and belowground conditions varied between species, cities, and sites (street, park, square), with obstacles (trees, buildings) south of the trees having a negative influence on crown growth. These patterns can be helpful for better planning of green features in cities. They provide a basis for urban tree management based on the growing space requirements of tree species and their ecosystem service provision.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44946457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Root Tip Growth and the Presence of Leaves Affect Epicormic and Lignotuberous Shoot Development and Survival of Stressed Eucalyptus obliqua L’Herit. Seedlings 根尖生长和叶片的存在影响斜叶桉的表皮和木质芽的发育和存活。幼苗

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2021.014

G. Moore

{"title":"Root Tip Growth and the Presence of Leaves Affect Epicormic and Lignotuberous Shoot Development and Survival of Stressed Eucalyptus obliqua L’Herit. Seedlings","authors":"G. Moore","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2021.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.014","url":null,"abstract":"The shoots produced from axillary, epicormic, and lignotuberous buds are significant parts of stress recovery responses in many tree species. The production of either epicormic or lignotuberous shoots does not guarantee survival of a tree, as the mortality of shoots is high. This research investigated the relationship between root tip growth and shoot production and survival after stress and its implications for urban tree managers. Seedlings of Eucalyptus obliqua L’Herit. were stressed by decapitation or different levels of heat stress at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 100 °C for 2 to 128 minutes, as well as combinations of the two stresses. While the temperatures are not as high as those experienced in a forest fire, the stresses imposed can inform plant responses to stress such as fire. Lower temperatures and shorter durations were often sublethal, and decapitation, to the same extent as heat killing of plant tissues, elicited similar levels of epicormic and lignotuberous shoot growth. The root systems of the seedlings were inspected to determine whether the root tips were healthy, and selected root tips were monitored to determine if and when they had resumed growth. Survival rates of epicormic and lignotuberous shoots were enhanced by the presence of healthy leaves. The recommencement of growth after stress by the development of epicormic or lignotuberous shoots was preceded by root tip growth, which emphasises the importance of a healthy root system. Managing for the best soil conditions possible during and immediately after stress may be a key to successful shoot production and tree recovery.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48902525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of Electrolysed Oxidizing Water for European Pear Rust Management on Pear (Pyrus cv. Conference) 电解氧化水对欧洲梨锈病防治的评价。会议)

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.012

G. Percival

引用次数: 0

A Field-Portable Diagnostic Approach Confirms Laurel Wilt Disease Diagnosis in Minutes Instead of Days 一种野外便携式诊断方法确认月桂枯萎病诊断在几分钟而不是几天

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.48044/JAUF.2021.010

Jeffrey L Hamilton, S. Fraedrich, C. Nairn, A. Mayfield, C. Villari

{"title":"A Field-Portable Diagnostic Approach Confirms Laurel Wilt Disease Diagnosis in Minutes Instead of Days","authors":"Jeffrey L Hamilton, S. Fraedrich, C. Nairn, A. Mayfield, C. Villari","doi":"10.48044/JAUF.2021.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48044/JAUF.2021.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laurel wilt disease has caused the extensive mortality of lauraceous species in the southeastern United States. The causal agent is an invasive fungus, Raffaelea lauricola, which is a symbiont of the beetle Xyleborus glabratus and causes a rapid, fatal vascular wilt. Early diagnosis of laurel wilt is imperative for efficient disease management. The current diagnostic process, however, is slow due to the lengthy laboratory procedures required to confirm pathogen presence. Methods: We tested the robustness and field-portability of a recently developed, species-specific, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for R. lauricola, with the overall goal of eliminating the need for a laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. We tested the robustness of the assay using benchtop equipment with naturally infected samples. We then tested the assay directly in the field using a portable device. Results: The assay successfully detected R. lauricola directly from symptomatic wood tissue using crude DNA extracts. Furthermore, the assay readily allowed users to distinguish between symptoms caused by R. lauricola infection and similar symptoms caused by other agents. In-field, we assayed wood samples from symptomatic redbay (Persea borbonia [L.] Spreng) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees) across the Southeast and successfully detected R. lauricola-infected trees in less than an hour. Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed that the field-deployable LAMP assay is robust and can rapidly and accurately detect R. lauricola in infected trees directly on-site. LAMP technology is well suited for in-field implementation, and these results serve as an incentive for further development and use of this technology in the field of forest pathology.","PeriodicalId":39043,"journal":{"name":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85296079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2