Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effects of prosthetic design parameters on running performance of a unilateral transfemoral amputee","authors":"C. Guzelbulut, Katsuyuki Suzuki, Satoshi Shimono, H. Hobara","doi":"10.1299/jbse.21-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.21-00023","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber running-specific prostheses (RSPs) are widely used among lower-limb amputee runners. However, which prosthesis provides the best performance for runners remains unknown. For this purpose, a computational model of the human body with a prosthesis was created and the effect of the prosthetic parameters on performance was investigated. First, motion capture systems were used to collect motion data from amputees. Furthermore, marker and force plate data were obtained to create a digital human model. Kinematic data such as limb lengths and joint angles were calculated using marker data. Afterward, the inertial properties were estimated to conduct inverse dynamic analyses. After building a computational model of amputee sprinting, the joint positions and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were compared with the experimental results. The design parameters of the prosthesis were introduced to understand the effects of the prosthesis on motion and performance. The response surface method was used to express motion adaption regarding the geometry and stiffness of the prosthesis. Hip and knee sagittal joint angles were updated based on the response surface method to simulate joint motion adaptations of the worn prosthesis. Additionally, average horizontal velocity, horizontal velocity change over one gait cycle, vertical and horizontal impulses were considered as performance functions. An evaluation parameter was proposed to generalize the idea of performance. The moment of the prosthetic knee and the closest point of the prosthesis to the ground during the swing phase were defined as design constraints to consider knee buckling and prosthetic leg tripping, respectively. The effect of the design parameters on the performance and constraint functions was also investigated and a method to determine and design a suitable prosthesis for an individual was proposed. It was revealed that proper selection and design of prostheses represent an important way to increase performance.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44371950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powered attendant-propelled wheelchair with assist-as-needed control based on individual physical capabilities","authors":"Tatsuto Suzuki, Derrick Boampong, H. Utsuno, Nikolaos Papadosifos, C. Holloway, N. Tyler","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.20-00474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.20-00474","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discussed if a powered attendant propelled wheelchairs (PAPW) with assist-as-needed control reduces energy consumption and maximise attendant's physical activity in powered system use. This study introduced a PAPW with force velocity assist control (FVAC) based on individual capability of pushing force velocity relationship. This PAPW assists attendant pushing when more pushing force is needed over usual range of individual physical capabilities of pushing. With the PAPW, we investigated the performance of the FVAC and compared it with proportional assist control (PAC) on a flat level surface and a longitudinal slope (6.5%) with three participants. The experimental results showed that the PAPW with the FVAC reduced 50% of pushing force on the slope and this was similar performance of the PAC in terms of assisting. The FVAC also reduced 79% of mean mechanical assisting power on the flat against the PAC. These results support that the PAPW with the FVAC has flexibilities to adapt to individual physical capabilities and provides certain level of physical activities with sufficient assisting when needed, and low energy consumption for long time and distance operations for attendants. the assisting boundary and assisted attendant pushing when more pushing force over the endurable individual physical capability was needed. The validation in this study shows that the FVAC achieves similar performance to the PAC in terms of reduction of pushing force, in addition, better performance to keep certain level of attendant's physical activities and to reduce mechanical power compared with the PAC, especially 79% reduction on the flat. The flat condition would account for the main part of environments in travelling, so the driving distance and","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of knee joint angle during gait cycle using inertial measurement unit sensors: a method of sensor-to-clinical bone calibration on the lower limb skeletal model","authors":"Sentong Wang, Yu Cai, K. Hase, Kazuo Uchida, D. Kondo, Tsuguya Saitou, S. Ota","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.21-00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.21-00196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66271503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning and visualization of features using MC-DCNN for gait training considering physical individual differences","authors":"Y. Osawa, K. Watanuki, K. Kaede, Keiichi Muramatsu","doi":"10.1299/jbse.20-00337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.20-00337","url":null,"abstract":"Several training methods have been developed to acquire motion information during real-time walking; these methods also feed the information back to the trainee. Trainees adjust their gait to ensure that the measured value approaches the target value, which may not always be suitable for each trainee. Therefore, we aim to develop a gait feedback training system that considers individual differences, classifies the gait of the trainee, and identifies adjustments for body parts and timing. A convolutional neural network (CNN) has a feature extraction function and is robust in terms of each feature position; therefore, it can be used to classify a gait as ideal or non-ideal. Additionally, when the gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) is applied to the gait classification model, the output measures the influence degree contributed by the trainee’s each body part to the classification results. Thus, the trainee can visually determine the body parts that need to be adjusted through the use of the output. In this study, we focused on gaits related to stumbling. We measured the kinematics and kinetics data for participants and generated multivariate gait data, which were labeled as “gait rarely associated with stumbling” class or “gait frequently associated with stumbling” class using clustering with dynamic time warping. Next, the multichannel deep CNN (MC-DCNN) was used to learn the gait using the multivariate gait data and the corresponding classes. Finally, the data for verification were input into the MC-DCNN model, and we visualized the influence degrees of each place of the multivariate gait data for classification using Grad-CAM. The MC-DCNN model classified gaits with a high accuracy of 97.64±0.40%, and it learned the features that determine the thumb-to-ground distance. The output of the Grad-CAM indicated body parts, timing, and the relative strength of features that have an important effect on the thumb-to-ground distance. of the knee joint angle in the XZ plane angle and inverted ankle joint angle in the XZ plane for other data, and large ground reaction force X component. This indicates that the gait of data point 16 has insufficient flexion of the knee joint in mid-swing, abduction and external rotation of the hip joint and abduction of the ankle joint, and it shows “the circumduction gait.” When the mean of the “gait rarely associated with stumbling” class is presented to the trainee as a target value in the training, it is necessary for the participant of the data point 16 to adjust knee joint flexion angle, driving force of ground reaction force, and ankle joint angle in the XZ plane in the mid swing because the difference described in the Section 5.1 exists between the classes. However, in the heat map of the influence degree on the output score of each class by Grad-CAM, it is found that the knee joint angle in the YZ plane and the ground reaction force Y component affect the output score, but the influence degree on ","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of multi-degree-of-freedom hand prosthesis cover with sensory recognition","authors":"Sung-yoon Jung, Hyo Jong Yoo, S. Kim, Se Hoon Park, J. Park, Joo-Hyung Kim, Hyunjun Shin","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.21-00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.21-00076","url":null,"abstract":"Hand prostheses by upper limb amputees are primarily dependent on visual feedback owing to the loss of sensory function in their hand. Although previous researches have been conducted on the restoration of the sensory function of amputees and on the development of electronic skin and gloves for sensory feedback, the realization to apply the research results to commercial hand prostheses is still difficult. In this study, we designed and developed a hand prosthesis cover including a sensory recognitive function which closely mimics human hand skin and, resulting into a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) myoelectric hand prosthesis. The proposed cover was made of flexible silicon to mimic the human hand skin, which can measure a grip force of less than 50 N using a tactile sensing module. The tactile sensing module was developed using a force-sensitive resistor sensor, and solid silicone vacuum compression molding by embedding the sensor and wires inside the cover was introduced for the fabrication process. A developed finger module for multi-DOF myoelectric hand prostheses by imitating the anatomical structure and motion mechanism of a human finger was compared the performance of the developed cover with that of a commercial cover on the developed finger module of the myoelectric hand prosthesis. The metacarpophalangeal joint range of motion of the finger module with the proposed cover with a 1.5 mm thickness was measured from 0° to 60° and the flexion angular velocity was recorded as a value of 60°/710 ms, which are similar to those of the commercial cover. From the experiments, we found that the hand gestures and grip motions seem to be similar with the proposed and commercial covers. From the experiment, we can suggest that the developed cover with sensory recognition can be directly applied to multi-DOF myoelectric hand prostheses. Also, with a fast and simple commercialized process, widely usage for amputees with the developed hand prosthesis cover will be available.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66271055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human elbow motor learning skills of varying loads: Proof of internal model generation using joint stiffness estimation","authors":"Wonseok Shin, Handdeut Chang, Jung Kim","doi":"10.1299/jbse.21-00088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.21-00088","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a human elbow motor learning strategy responding to varying loads. Inspired by Kawato’s internal model theory, we suggest hypothesis that human minimize the internal model error by updating the joint stiffness to generate stable and robust motion during repetitive voluntary action with varying weight of load condition. We designed experimental robotics device to verify our hypothesis and the device is capable of precisely measuring human elbow joint stiffness very accurately. The subject was instructed to perform the prescribed elbow motion without notifying the weight of the load for neutral experimental condition and we recorded joint position, perturbation torque of actuator, reaction torque from torque sensor, and mean absolute value (MAV) of the surface EMG (sEMG) in forearm muscles and upper arm muscles as a reference criterion for elbow joint impedance modulation during motor learning. Modified ensemble-based system identification was applied to characterize the dynamic elbow mechanical impedance in transient state of moving loads. Experimental results show that subjects utilized high joint stiffness initially, but it decreases gradually and saturated to the level of 20%~60% of initial value after repetitive motion tests. The degree of saturation of motor learning varied with the weight of loads, this result supports the hypothesis that motor learning reduces joint stiffness by providing accurate internal model.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66271092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of effect of aneurysm model material on coil contact force and catheter movement","authors":"Takuya Oishi, Kazuto Takashima, K. Yoshinaka, Kaihong Yu, M. Ohta, K. Mori, N. Toma","doi":"10.1299/jbse.21-00261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.21-00261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66271369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between resolution and partial volume effect among μCT, MDCT and SDCT","authors":"Teppei Mano, S. Hashimoto, Masafumi Machida, Y. Kiriyama","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.20-00442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.20-00442","url":null,"abstract":"Partial volume effect is defined as the loss of accuracy for small objects caused by the low resolution of an imaging system. With low resolution computed tomography (CT), the trabecular bone and cavity are mixed and the brightness representing each of the spaces is averaged. Therefore, information regarding bony microstructure is absent. In this study, the partial volume effect was evaluated for multi-detector row CT (MDCT) and single-detector row CT (SDCT) in comparison with micro CT (µCT). Obvious and typical geometric patterns of healthy and osteoporotic bones were used to create virtual sectional images of various resolutions. Six parameters were evaluated: areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone volume (BV), bone mineral content (BMC), frequency distribution density of BMD (FDD) in the image, and the orientation angle of the bone. vBMD and BV values were dependent on the CT resolution, whereas aBMD and BMC values showed constant values independent of the resolution. Therefore, aBMD and BMC do not require high resolution CT and could be useful for clinically evaluating trabecular bone volume. Regarding FDD, the number of pixels with intermediate brightness increased as CT resolution decreased, and FDD converged on specific brightness representing aBMD. In addition, µCT estimated the bone orientation angle correctly, MDCT estimated the correct angle only for osteoporotic images, and SDCT was unable to estimate the angle. Many more cavities were present in the osteoporotic model than the Healthy model and the distribution of bone was sparse, which could have decreased the partial volume effect and enabled the major orientation angle of the bone to be distinguished. These findings suggest that MDCT could be useful for the clinical evaluation of osteoporotic bone structure.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66269785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A research tool for biomechanics toward sensory-motor manipulation, Unity 3D","authors":"Subin Kim, Keun-Tae Kim, O. Kim, Eunyoung Seo, S. Lee","doi":"10.1299/JBSE.21-00068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JBSE.21-00068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66270836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rigidity on tension within the cell membranes of erythrocytes swollen by osmotic shock","authors":"K. Bando, R. Otomo","doi":"10.1299/jbse.21-00205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.21-00205","url":null,"abstract":"Erythrocytes swell owing to the osmotic shock caused by hypotonic liquids, and when the membrane tension exceeds a certain limit, hemolysis occurs. The base tension in the membrane of a spherically shaped erythrocyte is usually ignored in the mechanical evaluation of hemolysis. However, the base tension cannot be ignored when the rigidity of the erythrocyte membrane increases owing to lesions, oxidative stress, and other phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate the tension level at which hemolysis occurs by considering the increased base tension, which is caused by a combined increase in the bending and shear rigidity of the membrane. To achieve this, we calculated the effect of increases in the combined rigidity on the increases in the internal pressure and membrane tension of the erythrocyte. In this study, assuming the surface area to be constant, the swelling process of erythrocytes was evaluated under the condition that hemolysis does not occur. Evaluation was performed by minimizing strain energy, which is the sum of bending strain and shear strain. When the erythrocyte was spherical, the membrane base tension increased linearly with combined rigidity. Even when the bending rigidity was increased to 100 times that of normal erythrocytes, the effect of the base tension on the hemolysis tension level (15 mN/m) was negligible. However, when shear rigidity was increased to 50–100 times that of normal erythrocytes, it became necessary to decrease the hemolysis tension level by 10% and 20%, respectively, because the base tensions were approximately 1.5 and 3.0 mN/m, respectively.","PeriodicalId":39034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66271237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}