2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change最新文献

{"title":"Facilitating Role of Cloud Computing in Driving Big Data Emergence","authors":"Teah Yi Fan, Muhammad Ehsan Rana","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668155","url":null,"abstract":"Big data emerges as an important technology that addresses the storage, processing and analytics aspects of massive data characterized by 5V's (volume, velocity, variety, veracity, value) which has grown exponentially beyond the handling capacity traditional data architectures. The most significant technologies include the parallel storage and processing framework which requires entirely new IT infrastructures to facilitate big data adoption. Cloud computing emerges as a successful paradigm in computing technology that shifted the business landscape of IT infrastructures towards service-oriented basis. Cloud service providers build IT infrastructures and technologies and offer them as services which can be accessed through internet to the consumers. This paper discusses on the facilitating role of cloud computing in the field of big data analytics. Cloud deployment models concerning the architectural aspect and the current trend of adoption are introduced. The fundamental cloud services models concerning the infrastructural and technological provisioning are introduced while the emerging cloud services models related to big data are discussed with examples of technology platforms offered by the big cloud service providers - Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Cloudera. The main advantages of cloud adoption in terms of availability and scalability for big data are reiterated. Lastly, the challenges concerning cloud security, data privacy and data governance of consuming and adopting big data in the cloud are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132828014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Environmental Education in the Arab World: Case of Kingdom of Bahrain","authors":"Nahed Salman, M. S. Mustafa, Ahamed Al-Shaalan, M. Al-Mannai","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668089","url":null,"abstract":"Technology's influence on the environment is evident. It is linked to electricity. Visually, environmental issues are filling the World with abandoned equipment situations and rapid obsolescence of electronics goods. Most of the World is buying what they already have. Consumption control systems say it all. However, the recycling idea built on savings concepts can help save the day. Naturally, the technology is in favor of batteries, while diesel is still dominating. Shifting the power to the sun will not be easy. Resorting to the sun as the main source of energy needs diligent work. The road is fraught with difficulties, but there are signs of a transition to solar energy. This is apparent with the adoption of cars and most devices! The “solar air conditioner” remains a key puzzle in the energy transformation of the earth's recovery. Until the atmosphere returns to the maximum reasonable extent of oxygen, a person will be able to change the status quo by perfecting the charging of batteries through sunlight. Several modern and traditional methods explain this process accurately. The application and innovation remain to extend the traditional means, such as the use of lenses to diffuse light and make fire of palm leaves. We do not call for burning the woods, but rather we demand to prevent cutting to live on it, but we demand to preserve it and live under its shade. We hope to bequeath to the light to our children, so we sow in their life. This can be done by imposing green energy on education. Environmental awareness is very crucial in the process. Schools and universities hold the grounds for the kick-off. This research links technology, environment, and education. A literature review provided centered on environmental change to raise the awareness of youngsters. The finding of this research concludes that there is a lack of environmental change topics in education systems in the Arab World. Seventy universities from the Middle East websites were visited. Bachelor of Science Programs in the environment were looked at. Climate Change is not categorized as a priority in universities' curricula across the Arab World. This can be achieved through opening a wide range of programs in the environmental Sciences. Simply, environmental awareness requires more attention in the region.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133878686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Pure Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) Using Different Media","authors":"A. G. Radhi, M. Adhab, H. Z. Hussein","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668050","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin that is produced by Aspergillus flavus as a secondary metabolite. This study aimed to select the optimal medium to grow A. flavus to produce the highest concentration of AFB1. Solid-state fermentation of rice, corn, and a mixture of corn, sugar, peanut, and coconut (CSPC), and semisynthetic liquid culture of Yeast Extract sucrose Broth (YEB), Yeast Extract Sucrose Broth with Peptone (YEBP), and Czapek-Dox liquid Medium (Czp-D) were tested in this study. The AFB1 was extracted using the organic solvents method and purified through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The concentration of AFB1 was then estimated using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the Czp-D medium had the potential to produce the highest concentration of AFB1, while the lowest concentration of AFB1 was gained when using the rice medium.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131187722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Palm Oil Clinker Powder-Based Geopolymer on Bitumen and Asphalt Mixture Properties","authors":"N. Yaro, M. Napiah, M. Sutanto, A. Usman, A. A. Murana, Waqas Rafiq","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9667950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9667950","url":null,"abstract":"Emphasis is being devoted to using a modifier in asphalt mixtures production because convention materials cannot withstand current traffic loading and environmental conditions. The asphalt pavement industry is increasingly focusing on sustainability by turning waste materials into alternative raw materials. This study aims to determine the influence of palm oil clinker powder-based geopolymer modifier (POCP-GM) on conventional bitumen and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures. To produce the geopolymer modifier, the POCP was mixed with the alkali activators, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pallets, and sodium silicate (Na2SiO2). POCP-GM bitumen (POCP-GMB) was produced using a high-speed mixing technique for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% by weight of bitumen. The finding shows that incorporating POCP-GM produced a stiffer blend with decreasing penetration and improved softening point with good storage stability and compatibility in the POCP-GMB. Depending on the Marshall results, it was found that POCP-GMB mixtures possess improved stability relative to the control mixture, and the voids values determined are within the stipulated standard. The mixture's properties improvement can be attributed to geopolymer pozzolanic characteristics, which create strong interactions between the bitumen-geopolymer matrix which gives sufficient coating around the aggregate which improves mixtures properties. The study findings revealed the viability of utilizing geopolymer as a plausible alternative modifier to improve bitumen and asphalt mixtures' performance. From the study findings, 6% POCP-GM can be considered the optimum dosage that improves bitumen and asphalt mixture properties and helps promotes sustainability.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129227026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Energy Recovery Potential for Optimum Waste Management Scenarios in Bahrain","authors":"G. Coskuner, Majeed S. Jassim, Sadeq Jaffer, Sajid Ali","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668111","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to circular economy requires implementation of sustainable waste management strategies that provide opportunities and challenges to developing countries. This study aims to analyze the potential Greenhouse Gases (GHG) mitigation and energy recovery potential of two prospective Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management scenarios in the Kingdom of Bahrain: 1) A material recovery facility (MRF) with composting, 2) Waste-to-energy (WtE) incineration. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and iWARM of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) models were tools utilized to estimate GHG emissions, mitigation, and energy recovery. MSW composition data available in 2017 was utilized to investigate optimum scenarios. Our results showed that MRF with composting scenario mitigated GHG emissions at the rate of 721,735 tCO2-eq/yr due to lowering of virgin products manufacturing from recycling process, whereas the incineration scenario generated 865,386 tCO2-eq/yr of GHG emissions. Moreover, MRF with composting scenario exhibited higher energy recovery potential with 3.85x109kWh/yr. The adoption of integrated approach of MRF with composting as a waste management option is the most sustainable strategy for the MSW management in Bahrain.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"496 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133152378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of PM2.5/PM10 ratios over Eastern Part of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain from 2008 to 2019","authors":"G. Coskuner, Majeed S. Jassim, Mohamad Zaid, Umer Malik","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668162","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter (PM) pollution has major impacts on human health and environmental resources. The sources for coarse PM (PM<inf>10</inf>) and fine PM (PM<inf>2.5</inf>) are either natural or anthropogenic. This study investigates the PM<inf>2.5</inf>/PM<inf>10</inf> ratios over Eastern part of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain from 2008 to 2019. This work utilized satellite derived PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> air quality data. The monthly mean datasets for PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> were obtained using NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) model at selected seven zones. A transboundary region for data acquisition included four zones from Bahrain and three zones from Eastern Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results showed that the highest PM<inf>2.5</inf>/PM<inf>10</inf> ratio was observed at Zone B1 in Bahrain with a value of 0.353. The findings highlighted the possible contribution of PM<inf>2.5</inf> emissions from the densely located industries at Northern East part of Bahrain.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131633967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependency of Environmental Higher Education Ranking Systems","authors":"Anwaar Buzaboon, H. Albuflasa, W. Alnaser, S. Shatnawi, Khawla Albinali, Eman Almohsin","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9667995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9667995","url":null,"abstract":"Many higher education stakeholders criticize the existing Environmental Higher Education Ranking Systems for not taking environmental factors which a given university operates in into consideration in processing the university portfolio and to group universities based on environmental factors similarities. This study intended to evaluate one of these environmental factors the Average Annual Temperature [AAT] and its impact on the ranking of universities. We studied the relationship between the AAT and two Environmental sustainability Higher education ranking systems [ESHERS] which are the University of Indonesia Greenmetric [UIGM] and Times Higher Education University Impact ranking [THEUIR]. We aim to find to what extent should UIGM and THEUIR methodologies consider the countries average annual temperature in evaluating the progress of the universities. We collected data of the overall university scores of 2020 ranking for the two ESHERS along with the AAT values for countries host these universities from the Listfirst website We used the linear regression technique to figure out any relationships between AAT and university ranking scores. The initial results show the AAT of a country doesn't have any impact on a university ranking operates in that country. The residual plot shows that many reseals are left without explanation by the model and the fit figure shows that there is no linear pattern in the dependent variable.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123920370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Implications on Small Island Developing States (SIDS): a Socioeconomic Perspective from the Kingdom of Bahrain","authors":"A. Saleh, Suad Altaei, F. Alkhaldi","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the Climate Change impact on the Kingdom of Bahrain; and highlights the role of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on a local and global level to alleviate climate change through risk mitigation measures including the decrease of greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation. Also, explores the challenges of sea-level rise as faced by SIDS. The research is theoretical based in nature, it uses secondary data sources from internationally accredited institutions such as the World Bank, the UN, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The findings portray the overlap and interconnectedness of impacts of climate change for SIDS, where the warming of the seas leads to inundation of wetlands and low elevation coastal zones, salinization of freshwater resources and both combined lead to negative socioeconomic consequences. Thus, minimize the consequences of climate change and Sea Level Rise collective mitigation and adaptation responses need to be informed by vulnerability assessments, climate risk management and cost benefit analyses when being adopted to local policies. Financing of adaptation and mitigation measures for SIDS are discussed, where the importance of international aid and financing through funds. The research highlights the need to further investigate the comparisons and linkages between general environmental concerns and socioeconomic factors and solutions of SIDS with focus on Kingdom of Bahrain.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122839530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Interaction between Bridge Infrastructure Resilience Factors Against Seismic Hazard Hazard","authors":"Ángel Francisco Galaviz Román, Md Saiful Arif Khan, G. Kabir","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668179","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure systems like bridges are constantly exposed to different natural hazards, mainly from seismic and earthquakes. Any failure on them would represent a crisis for any civilization as they represent fundamental architecture for allowing people to get transported as well as develop the logistics from materials and products. This work identifies the main factors indispensable to improve bridge infrastructure resilience and how they interact among them based on experts' judgment and previous literature. The interaction between parameters is evaluated by integrating Fuzzy theory with Decision-Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), known as Fuzzy DEMATEL. The findings of this research demonstrate prominence order and causal-effect relations from the main resilience factors; in this way, the outcome from this study is expected to help stakeholders and decision-makers improve the resilience from bridge infrastructure against the seismic hazard.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116154810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating evapotranspiration using remote sensing and the METRIC energy balance model: case study of Sidi Benour region (Morocco)","authors":"A. Rahimi, A. Bouasria, Mohamed Bounif, Fatna Zaakour, I. El Mjiri","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9667981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9667981","url":null,"abstract":"Morocco has become an increasingly frequent and severe drought episode due to climate change in recent decades. This has significantly reduced freshwater, especially in areas characterized by significant agricultural potential, such as the Sidi Bennour region. Consequently, rational and sustainable management of existing water resources has become essential. The main objective of this study was to estimate evapotranspiration by applying the METRIC energy balance model (mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration). Thus, this application, based on the combined use of auxiliary climate data and high-resolution optical satellite data (Landsat 8 OLI), allowed the evaluation and spatial distribution, at the scale of the Sidi Bennour region, of the different variables (net radiation, surface temperature, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux) controlling the evapotranspiration. The analysis of the various images derived, especially that of evapotranspiration, shows that these variables change depending on the presence and condensation of cultures. The results of this study are satisfactory and allow us to conclude that the METRIC model is a promising and operational approach for the evaluation, spatialization, and monitoring of evapotranspiration by remote sensing. The interest of this study lies in the importance of the precise knowledge of the evapotranspiration through the derived image, which will constitute an essential document for the persons in charge of the irrigation and the farmers in order to evaluate the need for the water of the cultures and to an integrated management of the water resources that become increasingly rare in the study area.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121231093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}