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Grassroots Organizations and Women’s Empowerment in a Post-Conflict Region: Evidence from Women Organizations in Northern Uganda 冲突后地区的基层组织和妇女赋权：乌干达北部妇女组织的证据
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2022-0062
Lupe Davidson, Firat Demir, John Harris
{"title":"Grassroots Organizations and Women’s Empowerment in a Post-Conflict Region: Evidence from Women Organizations in Northern Uganda","authors":"Lupe Davidson, Firat Demir, John Harris","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2022-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2022-0062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the effects of participation in women’s grassroot organizations (WGOs) on women’s empowerment. The analysis is based on cross-sectional survey data from northern Uganda. We study multiple dimensions of empowerment including economic and health care decisions, attitudes towards domestic violence, decision-making over functionings, political and civic participation, personal agency, and leadership. The empirical results suggest no significant effect of WGO membership, participation or satisfaction on empowerment. We argue that these findings raise new questions about why women join WGOs in post-conflict contexts and what the mechanics of individual and collective empowerment are.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"284 5‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Income Inequality and External Wealth of Nations 收入不平等与国家外部财富
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2023-0042
Jorge Carrera, Gabriel Montes-Rojas, D. Panigo, Fernando Toledo
{"title":"Income Inequality and External Wealth of Nations","authors":"Jorge Carrera, Gabriel Montes-Rojas, D. Panigo, Fernando Toledo","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2023-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We study the relationship between income inequality and external wealth using dynamic panel data models with 5-years average observations to consider the slow motion of available data in the case of 88 emerging and developing economies for the period 1970–2020. We find evidence of a significant positive association between inequality indicators and net external wealth. This relationship is statistically significant for all income inequality measures and net external wealth variables. If the Top 1 of the richest individuals in a given country increments their share by 1 % point this will produce an average same-year increment in net foreign assets of 0.45 % in terms of the country’s GDP. The long-run effect is more than double in magnitude (1.05 % of GDP). For the Top 10, the long-run effect increases tenfold (11.6 % of GDP). When disaggregated into foreign assets and liabilities, we find a heterogeneous behavior of the financial elites. These findings reveal that financialized elites have a greater propensity to accumulate external wealth than the rest of the population.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in India: A Task Content of Occupations Approach 印度的贸易自由化与性别不平等：职业任务内容法
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2023-0006
Shruti Sharma
{"title":"Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in India: A Task Content of Occupations Approach","authors":"Shruti Sharma","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper considers the differential impact of input and output tariff liberalization on gender outcomes in India’s labour markets. It is the first to distinguish between occupational categories based on their task content to analyse these effects. Recent evidence suggests that trade induced competition and technological upgradation can reduce gender-employment and gender-wage gaps in labour markets. This paper identifies the occupational categories most affected by these competition and technology adoption effects of trade liberalization. It finds that competition effects of output tariff liberalization increases employment of female workers in routine occupations – both manual and cognitive – and reduces gender-employment gaps in routine manual occupations. On the other hand, input tariff liberalization worsens gender-employment gaps in routine manual occupations. The effect of input tariff liberalization on female workers in routine cognitive occupations, however, is to increase cohort-level employment, and there is some evidence that it increases cohort-level average wages for female workers and reduces the gender-wage gap in non-routine cognitive occupations.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"28 9","pages":"321 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capital Account Liberalization, Structural Change, and Female Employment 资本账户自由化、结构变化与女性就业
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2023-0004
Selin Secil Akin, J. Montecino
{"title":"Capital Account Liberalization, Structural Change, and Female Employment","authors":"Selin Secil Akin, J. Montecino","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper studies the effects of capital account liberalization on female employment and its implications for structural change in developing countries. Using a large industry-level panel of 88 low and low-middle-income countries, we provide evidence that episodes of financial liberalization lead to large declines in female employment in tradable sectors. These declines are driven primarily by structural reallocation effects between sectors, although we also find modest changes in the gender composition of employment within sectors, depending on the sample definition. Based on this evidence, we build a stylized model of a small open economy with tradable and nontradable sectors featuring occupational segregation across genders. We use this framework to study the impact of capital inflows and the female wage penalty on female employment in tradables and the real exchange rate. Our model also implies that when the female burden of non-market home production is sufficiently large, capital inflows will disproportionately hurt female employment relative to male employment.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"165 4","pages":"223 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Gendered Effects of Globalization: Recent Evidence from Developing Countries 全球化的性别效应:来自发展中国家的最新证据
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2023-0088
Bilge Erten, Jessica Leight
{"title":"The Gendered Effects of Globalization: Recent Evidence from Developing Countries","authors":"Bilge Erten, Jessica Leight","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trade Boomers: Evidence from the Commodities-for-Manufactures Boom in Brazil 贸易潮一代:来自巴西“商品换制造业”热潮的证据
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2023-0013
Ridwan Karim
{"title":"Trade Boomers: Evidence from the Commodities-for-Manufactures Boom in Brazil","authors":"Ridwan Karim","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract China’s growing prominence as a trade superpower has placed competitive pressure on manufacturing industries in Brazil, while simultaneously bolstering demand for its commodities. I investigate the effects of this so-called manufactures-for-commodities boom on Brazilian birth outcomes from 2000 to 2010. Exploiting exogenous variation in patterns of trade growth with China across different regions within Brazil, I find that both import and export growth led to higher birth weights for babies, and lower infant mortality rates. I also find that negative import shocks reduced fertility rates across all age groups for women, suggesting that selectivity in births induced by negative income shocks, combined with concentration of household resources on the children that are born led to better infant health outcomes. Additional evidence is consistent with income effects playing a role in explaining the results, while ruling out better provision of healthcare and changes to household composition as mechanisms. I also explore changes in trade-induced pollution levels and social assistance programs as a potential mechanism. The findings indicate that increased import and export growth can improve infant health, highlighting another potential benefit from trade liberalization.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"48 40","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Predicts the Growth of Small Firms? Evidence from Tanzanian Commercial Loan Data 什么预测小企业的增长?坦桑尼亚商业贷款数据的证据
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2023-0005
Mia Ellis, Cynthia Kinnan, Margaret McMillan, Sarah Shaukat
{"title":"What Predicts the Growth of Small Firms? Evidence from Tanzanian Commercial Loan Data","authors":"Mia Ellis, Cynthia Kinnan, Margaret McMillan, Sarah Shaukat","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Not all firms have equal capacity to absorb productive credit. Identifying those with higher potential may have large consequences for productivity. We collect detailed survey data on small- and medium-sized Tanzanian firms who borrow from a large commercial bank, which in turn raises funds via international capital markets. Using machine learning methods to identify predictors of loan growth, we document, first, that we achieve high rates of predictive power. Second, “soft” information (entrepreneurs’ motivations for entrepreneurship and constraints faced) has predictive power over and above administrative data (sector, age, etc.). Third, there is a different and larger set of predictors for women than men, consistent with greater barriers to efficient capital allocation among female entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135477611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extended Total Temporomandibular Joint Replacement - A Feasible Option for Functional and Aesthetic Reconstruction of Mandibular Defects Involving the Temporomandibular Joint. 扩展全颞下颌关节置换术-颞下颌关节缺损功能和美学重建的可行选择。
IF 0.8
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-14 DOI: 10.1177/19433875221094971
Juergen Schlabe, Rhodri O H L Davies, Esben Aagaard, Gary Cousin, Andrew Ian Edwards, Kenneth McAlister, Luke Cascarini
{"title":"Extended Total Temporomandibular Joint Replacement - A Feasible Option for Functional and Aesthetic Reconstruction of Mandibular Defects Involving the Temporomandibular Joint.","authors":"Juergen Schlabe, Rhodri O H L Davies, Esben Aagaard, Gary Cousin, Andrew Ian Edwards, Kenneth McAlister, Luke Cascarini","doi":"10.1177/19433875221094971","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875221094971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Study design:</b> Retrospective case series. <b>Objective:</b> Alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement has been established as a standard technique for end- stage temporomandibular (TMJ) pathologies. Joint replacement when there are extensive mandibular defects remains a challenging clinical problem. Custom-made extended temporomandibular joint replacement is a feasible option but there is limited information about this emerging technique. <b>Methods:</b> Included were all patients undergoing extended TMJ-replacements (TMJe), all operatrions were carried out by the senior author. Surgical technique was either single stage or two stage protocol. Surgical details and pitfalls and outcome of more than 2 years follow-up with reference to thirteen including twelve patients were recorded. <b>Results:</b> The most common diagnosis was ameloblastoma of the mandibular ramus. Single stage or two stagge regime were carried out depending on resection requirements and involvement of teeth. Improved mouth opening of more than 30mm was achieved in 10 of 12 patients. One patient with previous TMJ replacement reported temporary weakness of the facial nerve, which resolved after 10 months. <b>Conclusions:</b> The authors suggest a simplified anatomically based single-stage or two-stage regime, with both regimes achieved excellent anatomic reconstruction, facial appearance and function with low surgical morbidity. Custom-made extended temporomandibular joint protheses appear an advanced and reliable solution for reconstruction of combined complex mandibular defects including the temporomandibular joint. If surgical clearance of the pathology can be achieved, a single-stage regime is favoured.</p>","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"2 1","pages":"180-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88920437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Women’s Work Disappears: Marriage and Fertility Decisions in Peru 当妇女的工作消失:秘鲁的婚姻和生育决定
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2023-0012
Hani Mansour, Pamela Medina, Andrea Velásquez
{"title":"When Women’s Work Disappears: Marriage and Fertility Decisions in Peru","authors":"Hani Mansour, Pamela Medina, Andrea Velásquez","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper studies the gendered labor market and demographic effects of trade liberalization in Peru. To identify these effects, we use variation in the exposure of local labor markets to import competition from China based on their baseline industrial composition. On average, the increase in Chinese imports during 1998–2008 led to a persistent decline in the employment share of low-educated female workers but had smaller and transitory effects on the employment of low-educated men. In contrast to the predictions of Becker’s model of household specialization, we find that the increase in import competition during this period increased the share of single low-educated people and decreased their marriage rates. There is little evidence that import competition affected fertility decisions. The results highlight the role of gains from joint consumption in marriage formation.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136214278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Trade, Labor Flexibilization, and Wage Inequality: The Colombian Manufacturing Case 国际贸易、劳动力弹性化和工资不平等：哥伦比亚制造业案例
Journal of Globalization and Development Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1515/jgd-2022-0017
Yezid Hernández-Luna, Camila Salazar-Pérez, J. A. Herrera-Cuartas
{"title":"International Trade, Labor Flexibilization, and Wage Inequality: The Colombian Manufacturing Case","authors":"Yezid Hernández-Luna, Camila Salazar-Pérez, J. A. Herrera-Cuartas","doi":"10.1515/jgd-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article delivers empirical evidence for the Colombian manufacturing sectors (during 1993–2012 and the subperiod 2000–2012) regarding the relationship between trade integration after the openness policy and the sector skill intensity over the skill premia, which depends on the Skill Biased Technical Change. We find that international trade reduces the positive sector skill intensity effect on wage inequality, moderately benefiting unskilled workers; however, a negative impact of the 1990 labor flexibilization on the skill premia, which increased the hiring of less expensive temporary and agency workers. Furthermore, the positive sector skill intensity impact on wage inequality is more important for trade with less developed countries than with the developed ones.","PeriodicalId":38929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Globalization and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42918450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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