Kristi M Crowe-White, Vinoth Aryan Nagabooshanam, Tanja Dudenbostel, Julie L Locher, Tinsley P Chavers, Amy C Ellis
{"title":"100% Watermelon Juice as a Food-First Intervention to Improve Cognitive Function: Ancillary Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Kristi M Crowe-White, Vinoth Aryan Nagabooshanam, Tanja Dudenbostel, Julie L Locher, Tinsley P Chavers, Amy C Ellis","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1988028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2021.1988028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lycopene exhibits neuroprotective properties due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functionality. As watermelon is a rich source of lycopene, pasteurized watermelon juice provides lycopene in its most bioavailable form. This study examined relationships between circulating lycopene, cognitive performance, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in response to pasteurized 100% watermelon juice supplementation. A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted with postmenopausal women (<i>n</i> = 16, 60 + 4.1 years). Participants consumed two 360 mL servings of pasteurized 100% watermelon juice or a placebo beverage for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected, and cognitive tests were administered to assess various neurocognitive domains. Statistical analyses included mixed models and Spearman correlations. Serum lycopene exhibited a significant treatment effect (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with a mean increase of 81%. However, this increase was not associated with changes in oxidative stress, inflammation, or cognitive function. Additional research is warranted to determine dose-durational effects for promoting cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"40 4","pages":"304-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930684/pdf/nihms-1863962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10721145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole M Gatto, Jennifer Garcia-Cano, Crissy Irani, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Tiantian Liu, Zhong Chen, Jennifer Paul, Gary Fraser, Charles Wang, Grace J Lee
{"title":"Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function among Older Adults: The Adventist Health Study-2.","authors":"Nicole M Gatto, Jennifer Garcia-Cano, Crissy Irani, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Tiantian Liu, Zhong Chen, Jennifer Paul, Gary Fraser, Charles Wang, Grace J Lee","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1965939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2021.1965939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explored effects on cognitive function of following plant-based vegetarian compared with non-vegetarian dietary patterns in otherwise healthy older community-dwelling members of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort (<i>n</i> = 132). Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery; a principal components analysis derived processing speed, executive function, and memory/language factors. Mild memory impairment (MMI) (<i>n</i> = 26, 19.7%) was identified by memory tests. Vegetarians consumed (a) meats, fish, and dairy <1 time/month, (b) dairy ≥1 time/month and meats, and fish <1 time/month, or (c) fish ≥1 time/month, no limits on dairy, and meats <1 time/month. Dietary patterns were determined at baseline, for each decade, and at cognitive assessment; a diet stability score was calculated. Factor scores were not different between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, nor was dietary pattern associated with a lower odds of MMI. A more stable diet over the life course was associated with better memory/language [<i>β</i> = 0.021 SE(<i>β</i>) = 0.008; <i>p</i> = 0.01]. This exploratory study did not support differences in processing speed, executive function, or memory/language abilities between vegetarians and non-vegetarians but did suggest that a more stable dietary pattern which was characteristic of vegetarians was associated with better memory/language abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"197-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39326996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adnan Taib, Terence Ong, Emily Mulvaney, Chris Neale, Nicola Strawther, Christina Peters, Arun Sahota, Opinder Sahota
{"title":"Can an Ice-Cream Based Supplement Help Address Malnutrition in Orthogeriatric Patients?","authors":"Adnan Taib, Terence Ong, Emily Mulvaney, Chris Neale, Nicola Strawther, Christina Peters, Arun Sahota, Opinder Sahota","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1984365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2021.1984365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology, we describe our first cycle of a project using an ice-cream oral nutritional supplement (ONS ice-cream) to address malnutrition in older patients. A Scandishake-based<sup>®</sup> (Nutricia) vanilla flavored ice-cream was developed and piloted on a cohort of orthopedic patients over 3 days. All suitable patients were offered 100 g ice-cream portions (240 kcal/per portion). Acceptability and energy intake were our primary outcomes. Over 3 days, the ONS ice-cream was accepted in 77% (<i>n</i> = 27, median age, 75 years, IQR 12.5) of the times offered. Among these patients the average energy intake per day including the ONS ice-cream was 1006 kcal, a 41% increase in energy intake compared to an initial nutritional survey among the older orthopedic patients (714 kcal, <i>p</i> = 0.010). When surveyed 84% (<i>n</i> = 16) of patients stated they would have the ONS ice-cream again. An ONS ice-cream intervention to improve energy intake in older adults is feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"280-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39506006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanjoy Saha, Andrew Behnke, Wilna Oldewage-Theron, Noshin Mubtasim, Makenzie Miller
{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Food Insecurity among Older Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sanjoy Saha, Andrew Behnke, Wilna Oldewage-Theron, Noshin Mubtasim, Makenzie Miller","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1988027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2021.1988027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food insecurity has been undermining the health and well-being of a growing number of older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review aimed to examine the prevalence of food insecurity and the related contributing factors of food insecurity among older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. We used PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science Core Collection as our search engines and included 22 articles for data extraction. Prevalence of severe and moderate food insecurity in households with older adults ranged from 6.0 to 87.3% and from 8.3 to 48.5%, respectively. Various socio-economic (e.g., low education level, being widowed, low income, lower wealth position of households, living in a rental house, living in rural areas, lack of social grants or pensions), demographic (e.g., female, Black racial group, larger family size), and health and nutrition status-related (e.g., self-reported poor health status, having a functional and mobility-related disability, psychological disorders) factors influence food insecurity in older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings of this review can help stakeholders to prioritize the issue of food insecurity, design and implement policies and programs to improve food security among older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"171-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39533966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food Security Status among U.S. Older Adults: Functional Limitations Matter.","authors":"Xuyang Tang, L A Blewett","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1924337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2021.1924337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the relationship between food security and health outcomes among older adults (age 65+) in the U.S. We used a pooled sample (2011-2015, <i>N</i> = 37,292) from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and ordered logit models to assess characteristics associated with food security including health conditions (diabetes and hypertension) and functional activity limitations. We estimated that 1.3 million individuals aged 65+ in the U.S. had low/very low food security. Having at least one functional limitation (OR = 1.717, 95% CI = 1.436, 2.054) was significantly associated with low/very low food security. Having fair or poor health status (OR = 3.315, 95% CI = 2.938, 3.739) was also a significant factor for food security among older adults, while having health insurance coverage (OR = 0.467, 95% CI = 0.341, 0.64) was negatively associated with food insecurity. Demographics and socioeconomic characteristics were significantly related to food insecurity among seniors. Seniors with functional limitations and poor health status are at risk for food insecurity. Interventions at the clinical site of care may be useful in addressing food security issues for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"108-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21551197.2021.1924337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38921088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debbie Ten Cate, Mattanja Mellema, Roelof G A Ettema, Marieke J Schuurmans, Lisette Schoonhoven
{"title":"Older Adults' and Their Informal Caregivers' Experiences and Needs regarding Nutritional Care Provided in the Periods before, during and after Hospitalization: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Debbie Ten Cate, Mattanja Mellema, Roelof G A Ettema, Marieke J Schuurmans, Lisette Schoonhoven","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1906822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2021.1906822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults before, during and after hospitalization, deeper understanding of older adults' and informal caregivers' perspective on nutritional care is important. One-time in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 older adults who had been discharged from hospital, and seven informal caregivers. We explored their experiences and needs regarding nutritional care provided in the periods before, during and after hospitalization. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) dietary intake, (2) food service during hospitalization, (3) nutrition-related activities, (4) whose job it is to give nutritional care, and (5) competing care priorities. Further, several opinions about nutritional issues were identified. Older adults and informal caregivers did not always experience optimal nutritional care. When discussing nutritional care, they mainly focused on the in-hospital period. When providing nutritional care and developing guidelines, older adults' and informal caregivers' perspective on nutritional care should be incorporated. Here, the periods before, during and after hospitalization should be taken into account equally.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"80-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21551197.2021.1906822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25574910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanna Kunvik, Petra Rautakallio-Järvinen, Marika Laaksonen, Raisa Valve, Maritta Salonoja, Leila Fogelholm, Merja H Suominen
{"title":"Effects of Home-Delivered Meals on Older People's Protein Intake, Physical Performance, and Health-Related Quality of Life: The Power Meals Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Susanna Kunvik, Petra Rautakallio-Järvinen, Marika Laaksonen, Raisa Valve, Maritta Salonoja, Leila Fogelholm, Merja H Suominen","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1892562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2021.1892562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This trial examined the effectiveness of an 8-week home meal service on protein and other nutrient intake, physical performance (PP) and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people living at home (≥65 years; home care clients, caregivers and care recipients). Participants were randomized into three groups; (1) protein-rich meal, snack, and bread (INT1), (2) regular meal (INT2) and (3) control group. Nutrient intake was assessed with 3-day food diaries, PP with Short Physical Performance Battery (SBBP) and HRQoL with 15 dimensional Health-related quality of life instrument. Total of 67 (59.7% women, mean age 78.2 years) participants (<i>n</i> = 22 INT1, <i>n</i> = 24 INT2, <i>n</i> = 21 CG) completed the trial. At baseline, mean protein intake was 0.92 (SD 0.32) g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d. At 8 weeks, protein-rich home meal service in INT1 increased protein intake (+ 0.11 (95%CI -0.01 to 0.21) g/kg aBW/d, 9.4 (95%CI 1.0 to 17.8) g/d) compared to other groups. It also increased calcium intake (+169.9 (95%CI 26 to 314) mg/d) and improved results in Sit-to-Stand Test (-4.8 (95%CI -6.8 to -2.7) sec) in INT1 compared to CG. Both home meal services increased saturated fat intake (INT1; 4.6 (95%CI 1.0-8.2) g/d, INT2;7.8 (95%CI 1.9 to 13.7)g/d) and decreased salt intake (INT1;-2330.9 (95%CI -2998 to -1664) mg/d, INT2; -2371.9 (95%CI -3399 to -1345) mg/d) compared to CG. There was no effect on overall HRQoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"125-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21551197.2021.1892562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25462510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marshall G Miller, Kathryn N Porter Starr, Jamie Rincker, Melissa C Orenduff, Shelley R McDonald, Carl F Pieper, Angela R Fruik, Kenneth W Lyles, Connie W Bales
{"title":"Rationale and Design for a Higher (Dairy) Protein Weight Loss Intervention That Promotes Muscle Quality and Bone Health in Older Adults with Obesity: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.","authors":"Marshall G Miller, Kathryn N Porter Starr, Jamie Rincker, Melissa C Orenduff, Shelley R McDonald, Carl F Pieper, Angela R Fruik, Kenneth W Lyles, Connie W Bales","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1896615","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1896615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contrast to recommendations for young and middle-aged adults, intentional weight loss among older adults remains controversial and is inconsistently advised. Recent research suggests that a higher protein diet can mitigate loss of lean mass during periods of intentional weight loss among older adults with obesity; however, the effects of intentional weight loss on skeletal muscle and bone are not fully understood. The <i>Dairy in the Diet Yields New Approaches for Muscle Optimization</i> (DDYNAMO) trial is a 6-month, randomized, controlled pilot study assessing the effects of combining regular, generous intakes of high quality protein (30 g/meal; primarily from dairy) with caloric restriction (-500kcal/d) and low-intensity resistance exercise (30 min/3 times per week) on muscle quality, muscle composition, bone mineral density in men and women aged ≥60 years with obesity and mild to moderate functional impairment (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] score ≥4 to ≤10). Participants will be re-assessed at 18 months to evaluate weight maintenance, bone mineral density, physical function, and other secondary measures. <b>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:</b> NCT02437643.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"40 2-3","pages":"150-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9351499/pdf/nihms-1824754.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seth M Cohen, Kathryn N Porter Starr, Thomas Risoli, Hui-Jie Lee, Stephanie Misono, Harrison Jones, Sudha Raman
{"title":"Association between Dysphagia and Surgical Outcomes across the Continuum of Frailty.","authors":"Seth M Cohen, Kathryn N Porter Starr, Thomas Risoli, Hui-Jie Lee, Stephanie Misono, Harrison Jones, Sudha Raman","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1929644","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2021.1929644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationship between dysphagia and adverse outcomes across frailty conditions among surgical patients ≥50 years of age. A retrospective cohort analysis of surgical hospitalizations in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample among patients ≥50 years of age undergoing intermediate/high risk surgery not involving the larynx, pharynx, or esophagus. Of 3,298,835 weighted surgical hospitalizations, dysphagia occurred in 1.2% of all hospitalizations and was higher in frail patients ranging from 5.4% to 11.7%. Dysphagia was associated with greater length of stay, higher total costs, increased non-routine discharges, and increased medical/surgical complications among both frail and non-frail patients. Dysphagia may be an independent risk factor for poor postoperative outcomes among surgical patients ≥50 years of age across frailty conditions and is an important consideration for providers seeking to reduce risk in vulnerable surgical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"40 2-3","pages":"59-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439529/pdf/nihms-1922464.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continued Participation in Congregate Meal Programs: The Role of Geographic Access to Food.","authors":"James Mabli, Marisa Shenk","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2020.1838397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2020.1838397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nutrition Services Program is the largest program that provides prepared meals to older adults in need. However, little is known about the factors associated with participants' continued receipt of meals. This study uses longitudinal nationally representative survey data and residential location information to examine the factors associated with continuing to receive congregate meals (<i>N</i> = 383). 71.6% of participants in a given month continued to receive program meals in all of the next 12 months. Participants with geographic access to food proximate to their home were significantly more likely to stop receiving meals than those with more limited access (OR = 0.37, CI 0.16, 0.85); this was true among participants who lived alone, were older, had lower income, or lived in an urban area. Understanding the factors associated with continuing to receive congregate meals will ensure that older adults can meet their food needs and have a primary access point for community services.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"9-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21551197.2020.1838397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38625614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}