{"title":"Nutritional Status and Covariates Among the Functionally Dependent Older People of the Indigenous Communities in India.","authors":"Sila Jana, Dipak K Midya","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2535300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2025.2535300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed at investigating the nutritional state of functionally dependent older adults belonging to the indigenous communities (i.e., tribal communities) in West Bengal, India, and its association with other covariates. The nutritional state of older adults was measured using the MNA tool. Results indicated that those individuals with poor functional capacity had 6.52 times [AOR:6.52; CI:1.55,27.41] and 8.53 times [AOR:8.53; CI:2.53,28.84] higher chances of being malnourished or at risk of being malnourished, respectively. Older adults with multiple chronic illnesses, poor self-perceived health status, experiencing depression, and consuming alcohol were significantly more likely to suffer from malnutrition. Respondents who were aged 80 years and older, female and widowed, or having poor family income were more likely to have malnutrition than their counterparts. The study concluded that functionally dependent older adults in indigenous communities are vulnerable to being malnourished and suggested a policy intervention in the form of appropriate nutritional programmes for improving the worsening condition of such older people in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tenna Christoffersen, Sine Højlund Christensen, Inge Tetens, Anne Marie Beck, Margit D Aaslyng
{"title":"Mapping the Food Environment in Nursing Homes. A Foodscape Approach to Explore the Question \"<i>Why Do Nursing Home Residents Eat What They Do?</i>\".","authors":"Tenna Christoffersen, Sine Højlund Christensen, Inge Tetens, Anne Marie Beck, Margit D Aaslyng","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2519150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2025.2519150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the significant risk of nutritional problems among older adults in nursing homes, the impact of environmental and situational factors is understudied. This study explores the interaction between residents, food, and the nursing home environment, and asks \"<i>Why do residents eat what they do?</i>.\" Using an ethnographic approach, the study investigates food environments in six rural nursing homes through approximately 2,000 hours of participant observations, nine interviews with residents, and four group interviews with care staff. Data analysis was conducted concurrently using the inductive methods of grounded theory. Using a \"foodscape\" to illustrate the nursing home environment provides valuable insights into <i>where</i> residents eat, <i>how</i> they eat, <i>what</i> and <i>when</i> they eat, and <i>with whom</i> they eat. Four primary concepts emerged: (1) the physical environment, (2) food patterns dictated by dietary concepts and care staff resources, (3) residents' passive involvement due to care staff's task-focused view of mealtimes, and (4) social perspectives on eating, whether in isolation or in a family-style setup. The foodscape contributes to understanding the residents' food intake and can be used to develop strategies to improve nutrition and life quality for this vulnerable group of people.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Courtney Wellman, Thomas McIntosh, Andrew Ferguson, Alperen Korkmaz, Robert B Walker, Adam Franks
{"title":"Descriptive Analysis of Six-Months of Nutrition Change During COVID-19 in a Vulnerable Rural Population Over 80 Years Old.","authors":"Courtney Wellman, Thomas McIntosh, Andrew Ferguson, Alperen Korkmaz, Robert B Walker, Adam Franks","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2514837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2025.2514837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isolation mitigated the risks of COVID-19 infection. For older adults, isolation itself can be harmful. Isolation and loneliness impact nutritional status which leads to other health consequences. This study identified the changes of 167 individuals 80+ years old pre and post COVID-19 isolation and the association of habitation and location.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected demographic (age, gender, cohabitation, and isolation) and clinical (BMI and nutritional) information from patients 80+ years old prior to and 6 months after COVID-19 began in the region. We collected nutritional data using the mini-nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Averages for the studied cohort (n = 167) were age = 85.1, BMI = 26.5, and MNA-SF = 11.8. Females (-0.51; <i>P</i> = 0.015) and those living alone (-0.66; <i>P</i> < 0.001) had greater decreases in BMI after 6 months. Nutritional status worsened significantly for females (-0.74; <i>P</i> < 0.001), those living alone (-0.82; <i>P</i> = 0.015), and those in rural (-0.70; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and isolated (-0.61; <i>P</i> = 0.031) locations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Females, those living alone, and those in rural and isolated locations had a greater decline in nutritional status during the COVID-19 isolation period. This identifies a disparity in an already vulnerable population of older adults that should be addressed with further research targeted toward prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mar Prieto Del-Cura, Laura Jimeno Anaya, Marina Sastre Ibáñez, Simón Quijada-Angeli, Andrea Martín-Herrero, Natalia Pastora-Salvador, Beatriz Sánchez Marugán, Marta Martínez Sánchez, Beatriz Castaño Martín, M J Crespo-Carballés
{"title":"Adherence and Awareness of Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration to AREDS 2 Recommended Nutritional Supplements.","authors":"Mar Prieto Del-Cura, Laura Jimeno Anaya, Marina Sastre Ibáñez, Simón Quijada-Angeli, Andrea Martín-Herrero, Natalia Pastora-Salvador, Beatriz Sánchez Marugán, Marta Martínez Sánchez, Beatriz Castaño Martín, M J Crespo-Carballés","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2504911","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2504911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stands as the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in developed nations. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS 2) conclusively demonstrated the advantages of vitamin and mineral supplementation in either preventing or slowing down the progression of AMD. This survey was crafted to evaluate the utilization of nutritional supplements and to gauge the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients with AMD. The aim was to identify factors predicting adherence and explore the public health implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectorial study was conducted involving 148 patients through a survey carried out at a tertiary-level hospital. The survey focused on patients with AMD who were candidates for nutritional supplements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary outcome was the rate of adherence to AREDS recommendations, which was found to be 83%. Female gender (<i>P</i> = 0.038), effective medication regimen management (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and higher levels of education (<i>P</i> < 0.01) emerged as independent factors significantly associated with adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While ophthalmologists play a crucial role in addressing neovascular complications of AMD, they also bear the responsibility of promoting patient adherence to AREDS supplements. Achieving optimal compliance requires addressing the multifaceted factors identified in this study, with specific attention to patients' educational backgrounds and informational requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Su, Tonya S Orchard, Aladdin H Shadyab, Meghan B Skiba, Linda Snetselaar, Mara Z Vitolins, Phyllis A Richey, Mace Coday, Oleg Zaslavsky
{"title":"Mediterranean Diet and Change in Physical Function Over Time In Older Women.","authors":"Yan Su, Tonya S Orchard, Aladdin H Shadyab, Meghan B Skiba, Linda Snetselaar, Mara Z Vitolins, Phyllis A Richey, Mace Coday, Oleg Zaslavsky","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2484528","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2484528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mediterranean diet has been linked to preserving physical function, but studies on its impact on physical function decline in older adults have shown mixed results. This longitudinal study used a large sample of community-dwelling older women from the Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study to examine this relationship. We assessed 4516 older women (mean age at baseline = 78.97), including a subsample of 849 women who reported currently having diabetes. Data on physical function, measured by the SF-36 Physical Function subscale, were collected annually from 2012-2019. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured using alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED) scores between 2012 and 2013. Results indicated that higher aMED scores were associated with better physical function at baseline in the general sample (4.89 to 8.23 points) and in the diabetes subsample (5.37 to 8.97 points) over eight years. However, adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not affect the rate of physical function decline. Future research should include longitudinal dietary assessments, a broader age range, and detailed information on diabetes duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"73-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth B Stephens, Chatura Senadheera, Stephanie Roa-Diaz, Sawyer Peralta, Laura Alexander, Wendie Silverman-Martin, Michi Yukawa, Jennifer Morris, James B Johnson, John C Newman, Brianna J Stubbs
{"title":"A Randomized Open-Label, Observational Study of the Novel Ketone Ester, Bis Octanoyl (R)-1,3-Butanediol, and Its Acute Effect on ß-Hydroxybutyrate and Glucose Concentrations in Healthy Older Adults.","authors":"Elizabeth B Stephens, Chatura Senadheera, Stephanie Roa-Diaz, Sawyer Peralta, Laura Alexander, Wendie Silverman-Martin, Michi Yukawa, Jennifer Morris, James B Johnson, John C Newman, Brianna J Stubbs","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2466163","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2466163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bis-octanoyl-(R)-1,3-butanediol (BO-BD) is a novel ketone ester (KE) ingredient which increases blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration rapidly after ingestion. KE is hypothesized to improve function in older adults. Whilst many studies have investigated KE in young adults, they have not been studied in healthy older adults (HOA), for whom age-related differences in metabolism may alter the effects. This randomized, observational, open-label study in HOA (n = 30, 50% male, age = 76.5y) aimed to elucidate tolerance, blood BHB and glucose concentrations for 4h following consumption of either 12.5 or 25 g of BO-BD formulated in ready-to-drink beverage (n = 30), and re-constituted powder (n = 21) with a meal. All study interventions were well tolerated, and increased blood BHB, inducing nutritional ketosis (≥0.5 mM) until the end of the study. Peak BHB concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were significantly greater with 25 vs 12.5 g of BO-BD in both formulations. There were no significant differences in C<sub>max</sub> or iAUC between formulations. Blood glucose increased in all conditions following the meal, with no consistent significant differences between conditions. These results demonstrate that both powder and beverage formulations of the KE, BO-BD, induce ketosis in HOA adults, facilitating future research on functional effects of KE in aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"103-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastiana Atzori, Chiara Marche, Alessandra Errigo, Patrizia Tedde, Maria Flavia Scavo, Maria Pina Dore, Giovanni Mario Pes
{"title":"Polypharmacy and Malnutrition: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Geriatric Population and Implications for Preventive Strategies.","authors":"Sebastiana Atzori, Chiara Marche, Alessandra Errigo, Patrizia Tedde, Maria Flavia Scavo, Maria Pina Dore, Giovanni Mario Pes","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2497243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2025.2497243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Polypharmacy (PP) and malnutrition are two conditions that frequently occur in older patient groups. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and PP in a cohort of older outpatients from Northern Sardinia, Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A database of 619 outpatients undergoing a specific drug therapy during the examination was analyzed. A multivariable analysis was performed using a logistic regression model, in which a dichotomized MNA score was the dependent variable, according to several covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to ≥ five drugs was associated with a higher risk of malnutrition among males and females, as well as a higher risk of overt malnutrition among males and females compared to those exposed to four or fewer drugs. In addition, depression significantly increased the risk of malnutrition in both sexes, whereas cognitive status and comorbidity did not. Moreover, the effect of PP on nutritional status was statistically significant only for the global component of the MNA score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study detected a significant association between PP and an increased risk of malnutrition. Depressed mood was an additional independent predictor, whereas cognitive status and comorbidity did not reveal a significant association.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"90-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica K Nigg, Susan W Arendt, Stephen G Sapp, Sarah L Francis
{"title":"Food-Related Control and Person-Centered Care: Influences on Life Satisfaction in Long-Term Care Residents.","authors":"Jessica K Nigg, Susan W Arendt, Stephen G Sapp, Sarah L Francis","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2024.2428660","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2024.2428660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Upon entering long-term care (LTC) homes, residents relinquish control over their daily life choices, which may influence life satisfaction. This study explored hypothesized relationships among the concepts of person-centered care, locus of control (LOC), and life satisfaction of LTC residents. Survey data were collected and analyzed from 154 residents of 16 skilled nursing facilities in the Midwest. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to examine relationships among person-centered care, life satisfaction, food-related life satisfaction, health LOC and food-related control. Results indicated food-related life satisfaction was influenced by perceived person-centered care and life satisfaction. Health LOC and person-centered care affected life satisfaction. Support for the use of person-centered care practices was demonstrated in LTC. The results suggest that older adults in LTC should be encouraged to participate in food-related decision-making to support life satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"17-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheryl A Gibson, Heather A Valentine, Rebecca R Mount
{"title":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Among Older Adults in Missouri: Challenges Applying for and Using SNAP Benefits.","authors":"Cheryl A Gibson, Heather A Valentine, Rebecca R Mount","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2024.2448960","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2024.2448960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the nation's largest safety net program helping older adults achieve food security. However, 3 out of 5 qualified older adults do not participate in SNAP. We explored why older adults in Missouri do not seek SNAP benefits and to understand changes needed to enhance SNAP participation. We conducted focus group discussions and interviews with national and regional key informants, older adult SNAP participants and SNAP-eligible nonparticipants, and food bank outreach staff. Discussions and interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim to explore common themes. Older adults, key informants and outreach staff reported challenges faced when applying for and using SNAP, including feelings of shame. Older adults commented that benefit amounts don't increase proportionally to increasing food costs. Other barriers included difficulties applying due to challenges using or lack of access to technology and gathering the necessary information to apply. Although food insecurity and poor nutrition are serious problems among older adults, several challenges keep seniors from taking advantage of SNAP. Findings suggest that streamlining the application process and establishing the Elderly Simplified Application could help enhance SNAP participation. Education and increased outreach efforts could also help improve awareness about SNAP among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"59-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brenda Liliana Salazar-Torres, Alejandra González-Rocha, Brianda Ioanna Armenta-Guirado, María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez, Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre, Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez, Edgar Denova-Gutierrez
{"title":"Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Older Adult Population.","authors":"Brenda Liliana Salazar-Torres, Alejandra González-Rocha, Brianda Ioanna Armenta-Guirado, María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez, Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre, Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez, Edgar Denova-Gutierrez","doi":"10.1080/21551197.2024.2448937","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21551197.2024.2448937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome poses a significant public health challenge globally, particularly among older adults. Dietary patterns play a crucial role in the development and management of metabolic syndrome. However, to our knowledge, no evidence exists regarding the association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among the Mexican older adult population. Thus, the objective of the present study is to assess the association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in Mexican older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016 to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in 804 OA (aged ≥60 years). Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis, and metabolic syndrome was defined based on established criteria. Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three dietary patterns were identified: a \"Westernized\" pattern characterized by high consumption of processed meat, red meat, and saturated fats; a \"Transitional\" pattern high in fresh vegetables and fruits; and a \"Prudent\" pattern high in fish and low-fat dairy products. The \"Westernized\" pattern exhibited a positive association with metabolic syndrome, while the \"Prudent\" pattern showed a negative association. The associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Biological mechanisms linking the \"Westernized\" pattern to metabolic syndrome include chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and dyslipidemia induced by components such as processed meats and soft drinks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the importance of dietary patterns in influencing metabolic syndrome risk among Mexican older adults. Promoting dietary patterns rich in fish, vegetables, and legumes while reducing consumption of processed meats and sugary beverages may offer significant health benefits in this population. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and inform targeted interventions for metabolic syndrome prevention and management in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":38899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}