International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Unsustainable Mining Development and the Collapse of Some Ancient Societies: Economic Reasons","authors":"C. Tisdell, Serge Svizzero","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0503003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0503003","url":null,"abstract":"The literature explaining social collapse mainly focuses on factors such as wars, climate change or disease, as exemplified by numerous examples of collapses which have occurred during the Late Bronze Age in the Near East and in the South-eastern Mediterranean region. This paper aims at demonstrating that collapse can also have economic reasons. Indeed, collapse may be the outcome of an economic growth process which is inherently unsustainable. More precisely, we claim that several ancient societies collapsed because their form of economic development eventually proved to be unable to sustain their standard of living. It is believed that the Unĕtice societies (which existed in the central European Early Bronze Age) were among those that collapsed for that reason. Two different simple models are presented to demonstrate how agricultural economies of this type which introduced bronze mining and metallurgy were unable to sustain their economic development.","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134463378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict Mediation Committees Spurring Development of Communities in Rwanda","authors":"Peter Kennedy Nyataya","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0601003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0601003","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict Mediation Committees (Abunzi) commonly viewed as agencies for peace and reconciliation in Rwanda. Besides, they have been observed to be contributing a great deal towards all-round developmental activities and programmes being executed among various communities in the country. However, despite the development initiatives they have facilitated, there information about them is scant for local, national and even international consumption, understanding and recognition. It is now a fact that sustainable solutions to the community conflicts can only be mainly achieved through holistic and comprehensive approach as have been employed by Abunzi in terms of harnessing home-grown solutions for local problems bearing in mind the geographical, psychological and ideological dimensions of the local communities. Hence, as consequence, the aforesaid would notonly help expand the committees’ capacities, capabilities and abilities but also help to provide more integrated and sustainable conflict resolutions and peace for the sake of development of communities living in Kanombe Sector. Hence, it is against this backdrop the researcher chose conduct the present study entitled: “Conflict Mediation Committees Spurring Development of Communities Development in Rwanda”, taking Kanombe Sector of Kicukiro District as case study. Its main objective was understand the contributions the committees have directly or indirectly made towards the general development of communities in the sector through the identification of the causes of conflicts in the communities; assessment of role played by the mediation committees in the sector and to seek and to seek communities’ perception on role of the mediators in development agenda of Kanombe Sector. The researcher adopted case research study design cum descriptive research design. The target population was 352 that included conflict mediated households, mediation committee leaders and local authorities in charge of the mediation programme with a representative sample size of 92 respondents (76 conflict mediated parties and 16 mediators) was chosen through the use of simple random sampling technique to get the right information on mediated cases. Data collections were collected through interview method and questionnaire method as well. Both quantitative data and qualitative were generated and entered into SPSS 22 for analysis. Data was then presented in the form of tables, percentages, graphs, figures, pie charts and it was analysed by using SPSS 22 as a statistical package. To ensure validity and reliability the pre-testing of the tools used for data collection was done accordingly. The study revealed that the majority (78.95%) of the respondents identified property inheritance and related issues as one of the main cause of conflicts in Kanombe Sector. Violation of agreed terms and conditions of contracts between two or more entities were found to be a contributor towards the rise conflicts amongst members of the communitie","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122618085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"University Academic Work: Analysis of Collegiate Structures","authors":"Hilda Garcia-Castillo, Ivett Reyes-Guillén, Maria-Eugenia Estrada-Alvarez","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0503001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0503001","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the scientific, technological and humanistic research in Mexico is developed in the Institutions of Higher Education (IES) and the capacities for the generation and application of the knowledge, as well as for the formation of researchers are insufficient. In addition, they are distributed unevenly in the national territory and their development in many dependencies limits the possibilities of contributing to the social and economic development of the country (Rubio, 2006).","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128625318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Design of Banyankole Traditional House: Power Dimensions, Hospitality and Bedroom Dynamics","authors":"Emmanuel Mutungi","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0501002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0501002","url":null,"abstract":"Culture plays an important role in achieving originality and aesthetic value considerations in the design and creativity field (Weggeman, Lammers, & Akkermans, 2007; European Commission, 2009). In fact, the European Commission (2009) argues that culture is the expression of humanity’s creativity that brings out meaning, knowledge, talents, civilization and values of individual groups. As the world becomes one block under globalization, we argue that cross cultural designs will be a required design characteristic before any product penetrates the global market and sustain its visibility there. The fact that production machinery and technology has globally been standardized, cultural uniqueness will be the most identifying character for any successful product. In addition, the emergence of several design approaches that have been recently developed to manipulate various design challenges, continue to narrow down the variety of design concepts on the market. Although contemporary designs are appealing to the user, users do not have any embedded attachment to the designs. Unlike the traditional designs which were based on well-studied frameworks and were part of the community values, contemporary designs are simply accepted on their face value. The case of Banyankole house design is one of such designs that were embedded with a lot of well-studied frameworks that highlighted community values and demonstrated a well-organized society.","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133355096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Mega-Cities: Some Current Structural-Functional Trends","authors":"O. Yanitsky","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0504004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0504004","url":null,"abstract":"We are accustomed to comprehend our mega-cities as the human ant-hills concentrated in them thousand billions of its aborigines and newcomers. The theory of city-planning successfully developed in the Soviet times is now in decay. Recently so-called urban planners are mostly the developers who didn’t take into account the major challenges of our times such as a transition toward a new, information-communication revolution (hereafter the ICR) as well as those deep and radical transformations under the transition to a market economy i.e. to the capitalist mode of production. At the same time, the agents of the above transformations and their environment gradually acquired a complex character. The process of the shaping of such integrated systems I call as the socioibiotechnical ones (hereafter the SBT-systems. See: Yanitsky, 2016).","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132184625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Feminism Perspective of Informal Women Entrepreneurs in Kyengera Town Council, Uganda","authors":"Henry Stanley Mbowa, S. Kaaya","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0503005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0503005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the essay was to examine the philosophical perspectives on informal women entrepreneurs in Kyengera town council with a focus on the following research questions: How do epistemological experiences and perspectives influence informal businesses? What are the sociocultural experiences of women entrepreneurs? The essay is positioned in the feminism perspective which looks into marginalization of women in entrepreneurial growth on gender. This is found in the feminist standpoint epistemology and provides a strong basis for thinking through feminist concerns about entrepreneurship promotion, and to be the most useful for putting feminist theory into practice (Vossenberg, 2014) with a need to transform and empower the women. The essay was guided by mixed methods design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches as Brush and de Bruin (2014, as cited in Vossenberg, 2014, p.9) note that feminist perspectives tend to be more implicitly than explicitly part of entrepreneurship research.","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129751082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Construction of Retirement among Retired Teachers in Makueni County","authors":"A. K. Musila, Harrison M. K. Maithya, JaminMasinde","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0503002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0503002","url":null,"abstract":"Retirement is a transition from being in occupation to other life options such as leisure, volunteering to help others or to engaging in business activities (Kleiber & Linde, 2014). This is the time when one permanently leaves his or her job either due to official or personal reasons. There are two broad categories of retirement namely: mandatory/official and early/voluntary retirement (Teachers Service Commission, 2014). Mandatory retirement is the time that one is asked by the employer to stop working upon attaining the retirement age which ranges from 60years to 70years in many countries. Early or voluntary retirement is when a person chooses to retiree either due to health reasons or wishes to change his/her socio-economic lifestyle (Milligan, 2011;Were,2009). Retirement is thought to be a relatively new phenomenon in the world as it dates back to the 20th Century. Initially, workers were mostly employed in agricultural farms and were allowed to continue working till death. At old age, the workload would be adjusted to what one could manage given the state of his/her body and health due to ageing (Seattle Times, 2013).","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126342326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Based Organisations in Environment Conservation Endeavours in Rwanda","authors":"Isaboke Peter Kennedy Nyataya","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0501001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0501001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key challenges facing humankind in the contemporary society is the manner in which natural resource conservation can be made to go hand in hand with any given community‟s development. Inspite of their long historical interaction with ecosystems, neighbouring communities have contributed to endangering their equilibrium through the incompatibility between conservation and their productive practices as Hernandez observed (2013). In the 1970s, conservationists realised that many conservation efforts around the world were failing in their mission of wildlife conservation (Hackel, 2009).Hence, claimed the said the failure was due to lack of support for conservation by local community. Therefore, Community conservation was then initiated as an approach to be used with a view to gaining communities‟ support for conservation efforts. Ecological preservation is a basic practice in securing the earth, an individual, organisational or government levels, for the advantage of the common habitat and (or) people (Otto et al., 2013). Environmental conservation is important because natural resources can easily become depleted for example forests and plants as noted by Ninan(2012). Besides, there are other benefits associated with environmental conservation that include preventing global warming which is connected to ozone-depleting emissions among other benefits such as management of water catchment areas. Environmental conservation also helps in guarding food supplies and plummeting air temperature and toxins from the environment. In addition, the increase in population over the time, the environment has voluntarily been influenced by the Abstract: The present study was conducted with a view to understanding the contribution of community based organisations towards conservation of environment in Rwanda, with Sabyinyo Community Livelihood Association (SACOLA) of Kinigi Sector, Musanze District. Descriptive research cum case study research designs were adopted for the study. The target population was 800 comprising SACOLA community members. The representative sample size was represented by 10% (80) of the target population and purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Primary data was collected from the respondents through the use of questionnaires whereas secondary data was collected through the use of content analysis method. The obtained data was presented in forms of tables, figures, graphs, pie charts, percentages, and averages and analysed through the use of SPSS – Version 21. Findings of the study indicate that SACOLA conducted moblisation activities with the aim of sensitising, training and educating communities in the selected area of the present study and its environs on the importance of environment conservation besides creating awareness regarding causes that were related to the mission and vision of the organisation. SACOLA help in the implementation of environment conservation practices by ensuring t","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121483421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slay Queenhood, Dressing Sexy and Media Objectification of Women","authors":"Dr. Amina Naidja, Dr. Saif Eddine Chettah, Dr. Dalal Farid, Dr. Meriem Benmachiche, Pr. Alkama Djamel","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0801001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0801001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117123043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Professional Ethics, in Young University Students of the Social Sciences","authors":"Flor Ivett Reyes Guillén, Socorro Fonseca Córdoba, L. D. C. F. Alfaro, D. Cordova","doi":"10.20431/2454-8677.0501004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0501004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study on the perceptions of professional ethics in young university students. Perceptions are related to variables such as values-based training, self-assessment, and the environment, an existing relationship between value education and the process of vocational training. Now, we can ask, is it the task of the university to form values? how can the university measure the training and development of professional values?","PeriodicalId":388728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Sociology and Anthropology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122672336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}