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Updates on Immune Therapies in Type 1 Diabetes. 1 型糖尿病免疫疗法的最新进展。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-28 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.89
Bimota Nambam, Michael J Haller
{"title":"Updates on Immune Therapies in Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Bimota Nambam, Michael J Haller","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.89","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of immunotherapeutic interventions in new onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) have failed to yield long term clinical benefit. Lack of efficacy has frequently been attributed to an incomplete understanding of the pathways involved in T1D and the use of single immunotherapeutic agents. Recent mechanistic studies have improved our knowledge of the complex etiopathogenesis of T1D. This in turn has provided the framework for new and ongoing clinical trials in new onset T1D patients and at-risk subjects. Focus has also shifted towards the potential benefits of synergistic combinatorial approaches, both in terms of efficacy and the potential for reduced side effects. These efforts seek to develop intervention strategies that will preserve β-cell function, and ultimately prevent and reverse clinical disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 2","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/d1/euendo-12-89.PMC5813448.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35989879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism with Focus on Developing an Indian Screening Programme. 新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减退症的筛查，重点是制定印度筛查计划。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-28 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.99
Jubbin Jagan Jacob
{"title":"Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism with Focus on Developing an Indian Screening Programme.","authors":"Jubbin Jagan Jacob","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.99","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism, along with eradication of iodine deficiency in large parts of the world, has made it possible to prevent the development of permanent neurological impairment due to thyroid hormone deficiency in the developing brain. The first successful screening programme was demonstrated in Canada in 1973 and since then it has been standard of care in most developed societies. In India there is no national programme for neonatal screening, and screening is only done in selected larger hospitals on newborns whose parents fund it. This review summarises the current understanding of the various strategies for newborn screening that could potentially be employed in India with resource constraints. Once a case is detected, the further evaluation and determination of etiology is summarised. Treatment and long term follow-up with levothyroxine replacement is also described in detail as per current understanding.","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 2","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.99","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35989881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Subclinical Hypothyroidism - What is Responsible for its Association with Cardiovascular Disease? 亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与心血管疾病的关系?
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-28 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.96
Alexander Sorisky
{"title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism - What is Responsible for its Association with Cardiovascular Disease?","authors":"Alexander Sorisky","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.96","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a common condition, with prevalence estimates ranging from 4-20%, depending on the population demographics. Although epidemiological analysis associates it with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, clinical practice guidelines express uncertainty about whether to monitor or to treat. As we await large-scale, well-designed randomised clinical trials regarding treatment of SH, a review of pathophysiological considerations may be informative to better understand this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 2","pages":"96-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/8e/euendo-12-96.PMC5813449.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35989880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Tumour-induced Osteomalacia Secondary to a Sarcoma. 继发于肉瘤的肿瘤诱导骨软化症。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-28 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.104
Karla Victoria Rodriguez-Velver, María Azucena Zapata-Rivera, Juan Montes-Villarreal, Fernando Javier Lavalle-Gonzâlez, José Gerardo González-González, Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-Pérez, Rene Rodríguez-Gutierrez
{"title":"Tumour-induced Osteomalacia Secondary to a Sarcoma.","authors":"Karla Victoria Rodriguez-Velver,&nbsp;María Azucena Zapata-Rivera,&nbsp;Juan Montes-Villarreal,&nbsp;Fernando Javier Lavalle-Gonzâlez,&nbsp;José Gerardo González-González,&nbsp;Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-Pérez,&nbsp;Rene Rodríguez-Gutierrez","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO), is a rare paraneoplasatic syndrome found in >95% of benign tumours that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 - a phosphaturic circulating hormone. A rare case of a TIO secondary to a sarcoma, in a 21-year old man with history of bone fractures and distinctive physical and biochemical characteristics is presented and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 2","pages":"104-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35989882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Lessons From LEADER - All-round Leadership. LEADER 的经验教训--全方位的领导力。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-28 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.76
Sanjay Kalra
{"title":"Lessons From LEADER - All-round Leadership.","authors":"Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.76","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The large multinational, randomised, double-blind LEADER (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results - A Long Term Evaluation) trial recently reported the cardiovascular (CV) benefits achieved with liraglutide therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This editorial analyses the primary and secondary CV outcomes (CVO) results of the LEADER trial, and discusses the impact these will have on clinical practice of diabetes in specific, and medicine in general. It delves into the evolution of clinical and biochemical outcomes used in diabetes, and discusses the role of liraglutide in shaping future outcomes. The editorial describes the potential role of liraglutide in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of CV disease (CVD), and suggests exaptation of this molecule for use in cardiology, nephrology and neurology.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 2","pages":"76-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35991528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Comparative Pulse Accuracy Study of Two Commercially Available Patch Insulin Infusion Pumps. 两种市售贴片胰岛素输液泵脉冲精度的比较研究。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-28 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.79
Jenna L Bowen, Chris J Allender
{"title":"A Comparative Pulse Accuracy Study of Two Commercially Available Patch Insulin Infusion Pumps.","authors":"Jenna L Bowen,&nbsp;Chris J Allender","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Patch pumps are a relatively new method of Insulin delivery. This study explores the accuracy of patch-pumps by reporting on comparative pulse-accuracy study of two patch pumps. <b>Methods:</b> The accuracy of two patch pumps (Cellnovo, [Cellnovo Ltd., Swansea, UK] and OmniPod<sup>®</sup> [Ypsomed Ltd, Escrick, UK]) was evaluated micro-gravimetrically. Pulse accuracy was analysed by comparing single and time-averaged pulses for each device. <b>Results:</b> Single-pulses outside accuracy thresholds ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, ±20%, ±25% and ±30% were: Cellnovo; 79.6%, 55.6%, 35.0%, 19.9%, 9.7% and 4.3%; OmniPod; 86.2%, 71.6%, 57.4%, 45.5%, 35.2% and 25.4%. For 10, 20 and 40 pulse-windows mean values outside ±15% accuracy level were: Cellnovo; 7.3%, 1.5% and 0.4%, OmniPod; 37.6%, 31.8% and 25.9. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study showed that not all patch pumps are the same. The pumping mechanisms employed in these pumps play a significant role in the accuracy and precision of such devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 2","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17925/EE.2016.12.02.79","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35991529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Cardiovascular Outcomes with Empagliflozin - News for Type 2 Diabetes Therapy. Empagliflozin 的心血管疗效 - 2 型糖尿病治疗新闻。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-15 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.31
Baptist Gallwitz
{"title":"Cardiovascular Outcomes with Empagliflozin - News for Type 2 Diabetes Therapy.","authors":"Baptist Gallwitz","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.31","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular safety has to be proven for antidiabetic therapy for type 2 diabetes according to the guidance from regulatory bodies. Recently, the results of the respective study for the sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor empagliflozin were published. Unlike similar studies for other antidiabetic agents that proved cardiovascular safety by non-inferiority compared with standard treatment with regard to a combined cardiovascular primary endpoint, empagliflozin showed superiority with a significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"31-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35991521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Ketoacidosis - Clinical Implications in the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. 钠-葡萄糖共转运体 2 抑制剂与酮症酸中毒--治疗 2 型糖尿病患者的临床意义。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-15 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.33
Kirsten Stinkens, Chantal Mathieu
{"title":"Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Ketoacidosis - Clinical Implications in the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Kirsten Stinkens, Chantal Mathieu","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.33","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. This risk has been reported in particular in off-label use of these agents in type 1 diabetes, but reports of risks in type 2 diabetes patients also exist. In type 2 diabetes ketoacidosis is rare and is present particularly in patients who have undergone prolonged starvation, serious infection, alcohol abuse or surgery. The pleiotropic advantages of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors do not outweigh the risk for a diabetic ketoacidosis, but caution is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"33-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35991522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Developments in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumours - RADIANT-4, NETTER-1 and Telotristat Etiprate. 治疗神经内分泌肿瘤的新进展 - RADIANT-4、NETTER-1 和 Telotristat Etiprate。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-15 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.44
Emilia Sbardella, Ashley Grossman
{"title":"New Developments in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumours - RADIANT-4, NETTER-1 and Telotristat Etiprate.","authors":"Emilia Sbardella, Ashley Grossman","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.44","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose incidence has increased significantly in recent years, and whose optimal management remains controversial. We report the latest innovations in their management, in particular the results of three trials concerning the use of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus, in non-functional NETs of lung/ gastrointestinal (GI) origin, the first randomised trial of radiolabelled <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE in patients with mid-gut NETs, and the use of the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, telotristat etiprate, in patients with the carcinoid syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"44-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35991526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Future of Sleeve Gastrectomy. 袖式胃切除术的未来。
European Endocrinology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-15 DOI: 10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.37
Michel Gagner
{"title":"The Future of Sleeve Gastrectomy.","authors":"Michel Gagner","doi":"10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2016.12.01.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Diabetes Federation has recently published a position statement on bariatric surgery. Facing a global diabetes crisis, it has added various types of surgery on the gastrointestinal tract as powerful options among the armamentarium to normalise glycaemia, avoid regular medications and decrease costs in severely obese patients. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has been shown to be effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with extremely low mortality and acceptable morbidity. It decreases caloric consumption, modifies gut hormones, changes gastric emptying, and lowers glycaemia. In the long term, if recurrences in weight or diabetes occur, it can be converted to a duodenal switch, potentially reaching 90% of patients with partial or complete remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"12 1","pages":"37-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35991524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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