European Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"ADA-EASD Consensus Report on the Management of Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes in an Afro-Asian Context: Broadening the Perspective.","authors":"Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.1","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus statement 2022 effectively captures the changing paradigm of modern diabetes care. As emphasized in the guidelines, a person-centered decision cycle focusing on preventing complications and improving quality of life is the driving principle behind modern diabetes management. Other notable features of the document are its emphasis on self-management education, therapeutic behaviour, sleep hygiene, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and weight loss. Focus on individualization of care, social determinants of health, and ethnic variations are pertinent from an Afro-Asian perspective. The \"language matters\" section is a welcome addition that will help to overcome several barriers in diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":"4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10769473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67586546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Factors Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Coronavirus Disease 2019-associated Mucormycosis: A Single-centre Study.","authors":"Krishna S Nair, Murali Alagesan, Dhanya Jose, Chidambaram Yoganathan, Rethinam Saravanan, Krishnasamy Karthikeyan, Karuppannasamy Divya, Dinesh Babu, Cyril Rajan, Joseph M Pappachan","doi":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.2","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with an increased incidence of mucormycosis globally. However, the clinical pattern, epidemiologic features and risk factors for adverse outcomes are not well established. <b>Methods</b>: We performed a retrospective analysis of the data from patients hospitalized with proven mucormycosis between April 2021 and August 2021. Patients were managed with a multi-disciplinary approach involving medical, surgical, and comorbidity treatment. The clinical presentation, management details, complications and outcomes, including mortality, were reviewed from clinical records. <b>Results</b>: The mean age of presentation was 53.7 (± 11.8) years, and 88 (84.6%) were men. Of the 104 cases with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, 97 (93.27%) patients had diabetes, and 80.8% had a haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) of ≥6.4% at diagnosis. Seventy percent of diabetes cases experienced steroid-induced hyperglycaemia during treatment. Even with appropriate treatment, 17 (16.35%) patients died. High HbA1c and creatinine levels, presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), need for intensive care unit admission, and orbital evisceration were the risk factors associated with high mortality on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cox regression analysis revealed that the overall mortality increased by a factor of 12% with each 1 percentage point increase in HbA1c ≥6.4% (hazard ratio 1.12; 95% confidence interval 0.95- 1.31). The mortality risk was even higher when diabetes was associated with CKD (hazard ratio 1.82; 95% confidence interval 0.24-14.00). <b>Conclusion</b>: High HbA1c and creatinine levels, intensive care unit admission, CKD, and aggressive disease requiring orbital evisceration are the predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Patients with these risk factors should be managed more actively to reduce morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10769467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67586580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is Glycaemic Variability and which Pharmacological Treatment Options are Effective? A Narrative Review.","authors":"Juan Miguel Huertas Cañas, Maria Alejandra Gomez Gutierrez, Andres Bedoya Ossa","doi":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.4","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycated haemoglobin is currently used for diagnosis and follow-up of diabetes mellitus. However, it has important limitations; as it only reflects the average glycaemia over the last 3 months, it does not allow the identification of crucial events, such as episodes of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Strict control of hyperglycaemia can result in severe hypoglycaemia that can be life threatening and can have important sequelae. Recently, the concept of glycaemic variability has been developed to provide information about the magnitude of glycaemic excursions and the duration of these fluctuations. This new approach has the potential to improve outcomes, decrease the risk of hypoglycaemia, and decrease cardiovascular risk. This review describes the most commonly prescribed non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs for diabetes management, their mechanism of action, and the existing evidence about their effectiveness in improving glycaemic variability and diabetes control.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10688563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67586624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alarming Surge in Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Catastrophe on the Horizon.","authors":"Arefin Sadat","doi":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.5","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes poses a significant threat to public health. In the last 30 years, the worldwide incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased drastically among adolescents. Since the number of young people with T2DM is rising, it is anticipated that early-onset T2DM will become a common characteristic of the diabetes population in developed and developing nations. Current evidence suggests that β-cell function declines more rapidly in early-onset T2DM than in older-onset T2DM. In addition, early-onset T2DM appears to be associated with a greater risk of complications, comorbidities and mortality than type 1 diabetes mellitus. A stressful lifestyle, a shifted dietary habit and a lack of physical activity are cited as causes of early-onset T2DM. Early-onset T2DM is, therefore, an urgent public health concern requiring early prevention, efficient screening and prompt intervention. This article discusses the recent literature on the incidence, mortality, morbidity and risk variables of early-onset T2DM, and the current priorities and prospective directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10688561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67586632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Neck Mass: A Case Report.","authors":"Hiya Boro, Harish Sharma, Deepak Mittal, Mohit Pareek, Shilpa Chugh, Mohar Singh Jakhar, Neeraj Nagar, Lovekesh Bhatia, Sanjay Saini, Vashishth Joshi, Sahil Vaid, Velmurugan Mannar, Lakshmi Nagendra, Mazhar Dalvi, Vikash Bundela","doi":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.6","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2023.19.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm that accounts for <1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The management of parathyroid carcinoma is a challenge due to the high rate of local recurrence of the tumour. We report the case of a middle-aged north Indian woman who presented with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid carcinoma. She presented with a recurrent palpable hard neck mass and underwent radical dissection of the neck six times. At the time of writing this report, she was referred for external beam radiotherapy to the neck. Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy with an indolent but tenacious course. Complete resection at the time of initial surgery determines the prognosis of the neoplasm. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are usually ineffective. Hypercalcaemia needs to be aggressively managed. A multidisciplinary team is required to effectively manage parathyroid carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10688562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67586674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teplizumab in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review","authors":"Simran Thakkar, Aditi Chopra, Lakshmi Nagendra, Sanjay Kalra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya","doi":"10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by the irreversible destruction of the β cells of the pancreas, which leads to a lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin. Despite the advancements in insulin delivery methods, the suboptimal outcomes of these methods have triggered the search for therapies that may prevent or reverse the disease. Given the autoimmune aetiology of T1DM, therapies counteracting the immune-mediated destruction of the β-cells are the obvious target. Although several treatment strategies have been attempted to target cellular, humoral and innate immunity, very few have had a clinically meaningful impact. Of all the available immunomodulatory agents, cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 antibodies have exhibited the most promising preclinical and clinical results. Muromonab-CD3, which also happened to be a murine CD3 antibody, was the first monoclonal antibody approved for clinical use and was primarily indicated for graft rejection. The adverse effects associated with muromonab-CD3 led to its withdrawal. Teplizumab, a newer CD3 antibody, has a better side-effect profile because of its humanized nature and non-Fc- receptor- binding domain. In November 2022, teplizumab became the first immunomodulatory agent to be licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for delaying the onset of T1DM in high-risk adults and children over 8 years old. The mechanism seems to be enhancing regulatory T-cell activity and promoting immune tolerance. This article reviews the mechanism of action and the clinical trials of teplizumab in individuals with T1DM or at risk of developing the disease.","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Liver Institute \"Liver Health is Public Health\" Initiative","authors":"D. Cryer","doi":"10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p />","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67586592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Enhanced External Counter-pulsation Therapy on Glycaemic Control in People With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Lakshmi Nagendra, Deep Dutta, Meha Sharma, Harish Bg","doi":"10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"<bold>Background:</bold> Enhanced external counter-pulsation (EECP) therapy is approved for refractory angina in coronary artery disease (CAD). EECP is being explored as a treatment modality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). <bold>Methods:</bold> The Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), ClinicaltTrials. gov, CNKI database, Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI), and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients receiving EECP therapy in the intervention arm. The primary outcome was the changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The secondary outcomes were the changes in blood glucose parameters, inflammatory markers and any adverse events. <bold>Results:</bold> Data from 3 RCTs involving 71 people with T2DM/prediabetes was analysed to find out the impact of EECP therapy compared with placebo. As compared with placebo, patients receiving EECP had significantly lower HbA1C immediately after completion of therapy (mean difference [MD] -0.70%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.95. -0.45;p<0.00001), at 2–4 weeks post completion of therapy (MD -1.04%, 95%CI -1.32. -0.77; p<0.00001) and 7–12 weeks after therapy completion (MD -0.98%, 95% CI -1.22, -0.74; p<0.00001). EECP therapy was well tolerated without any increased side effects (risk ratio 2.36, 95% CI 0.11–52.41; p=0.59. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> EECP therapy is effective in blood glucose and pressure lowering over at least 7–12 weeks of therapy completion. Blood glucose and pressure should be monitored with suitable modulation of drug doses to prevent hypoglycaemia and hypotension in patients with angina undergoing EECP therapy. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023434533","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Update on Alopecia and its Association With Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Doaa Aboalola, Sihem Aouabdi, Majed Ramadan, Tariq Alghamdi, Mona Alsolami, Dalal Malibari, Rawiah Alsiary","doi":"10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia is comorbid with several illnesses, including various autoimmune conditions such as thyroid disease. Leukocyte-mediated inflammation of hair follicles in alopecia was first described over a century ago. However, the high prevalence of the role of thyroid autoimmune disease in the pathogenesis of alopecia has only recently come to light, together with a strong association between the two. Therefore, this review focuses on articles published between 2011 and 2022 on alopecia's association with thyroid autoimmune disease, and the mechanism behind it. In addition, it highlights the link between alopecia and thyroid cancer, as patients with alopecia have increased risk of thyroid cancer. In conclusion, this comprehensive, focused, scoping review will serve as a reference highlighting recent information on alopecia, exploring its association with thyroid autoimmune diseases.","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136374238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Prepubertal Gynaecomastia and Premature Thelarche Linked to Topical Lavender and Tea Tree Oil Use?","authors":"Elsa W Braunstein, Glenn D Braunstein","doi":"10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Various studies, conducted since 2007, have reported a total of eight boys with prepubertal gynaecomastia and four girls with premature thelarche following exposure to lavender and/or tree tea oil. All patients experienced regression of the breast tissue after they stopped using these oils. Both of these essential oils, and several of their constituents, have oestrogenic and antiandrogenic activity <italic>in vitro</italic>. However, limited dermal penetration of some of the components means that the <italic>in vitro</italic> findings cannot be extrapolated to the <italic>in vivo</italic> situation. There are unanswered questions as to how much lavender or tea tree oil was actually present in the skincare products used by the children and a lack of information about exposure to other agents. Furthermore, since both prepubertal gynaecomastia and premature thelarche often spontaneously regress, it cannot be concluded that the use of lavender and/or tree tea oil is the cause of the gynaecomastia and thelarche in these children.","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136374233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}