MSMR Pub Date : 2025-04-20

Bulbulgul Aumakhan, Angelia A Eick-Cost, Gi-Taik Oh, Shauna L Stahlman, Robert Johnson

{"title":"Four decades of HIV antibody screening in the U.S. military: a review of incidence and demographic trends, 1990-2024.","authors":"Bulbulgul Aumakhan, Angelia A Eick-Cost, Gi-Taik Oh, Shauna L Stahlman, Robert Johnson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant efforts to further reduce HIV incidence, including the introduction and scaling of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2012, the repeal of the \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell\" (DADT) policy in 2011, and test-and-treat initiatives aligned with the 2019 \"Ending the HIV Epidemic\" initiative, annual rates of HIV incidence in the U.S. Armed Forces have continued to show little to no annual declines. To better understand the nature of new infections in the U.S. military, this retrospective analysis examined cases and trends in greater depth to 1) identify and describe total HIV antibody seropositivity rates from 1990 to 2024, with stratification by demographic characteristics, and 2) identify and characterize potential shifts in the epidemiological profile of HIV cases during the course of the evolving HIV epidemic. From January 1990 through December 2024, over 46 million U.S. service members in the active component, Guard, and reserve were tested for HIV antibodies, and 11,280 (24.3 per 100,000 persons tested) were diagnosed with HIV. Male service members comprised 96.3% of all HIV infections. The total rate of new HIV diagnoses declined over the period of surveillance, with the steepest decline in the first decade. Overall rates stabilized in 1997, but differences persist between different age and population groups. New HIV diagnoses have risen among male service members under age 30 years, with non-Hispanic Black service members bearing the highest burden and Hispanic service members experiencing the largest relative increases. Since 1997, rates in all racial and ethnic groups have more than doubled for those under age 25 years; for Hispanic service members, the increase was nearly 10-fold.","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ammunition ship explosions in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, 1944 and 1945. 1944年和1945年，巴布亚新几内亚和所罗门群岛的弹药船爆炸。

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-04-20

G Dennis Shanks

引用次数: 0

Forecasting influenza with the long short-term memory model: results from the 2023-2024 influenza season. 长短期记忆模型预测流感：来自2023-2024年流感季节的结果。

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-04-20

Sneha P Cherukuri, Mark L Bova, Shaylee P Mehta, Christian T Bautista

引用次数: 0

Malaria among members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2024. 美国武装部队成员的疟疾，2024年。

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-04-20

引用次数: 0

The Medical Surveillance Monthly Report: the first 30 years. 医疗监测月报：前30年。

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-04-20

Leslie L Clark, Mark V Rubertone

引用次数: 0

Correlation between mean temperature and incidence of tick-borne diseases among active duty service members in the contiguous U.S., 2000-2023. 2000-2023年美国本土现役军人中平均温度与蜱传疾病发病率的相关性

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-03-20

Prabhavi Denagamage, Sithembile L Mabila

{"title":"Correlation between mean temperature and incidence of tick-borne diseases among active duty service members in the contiguous U.S., 2000-2023.","authors":"Prabhavi Denagamage, Sithembile L Mabila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Medical encounter data and reportable medical events from the Defense Medical Surveillance System were utilized to establish that from 2000 to 2023 there were 2,869 cases of Lyme disease and 175 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among U.S. active component service members within the contiguous U.S. Coincident with a 5.3% (0.63°C) increase in annual mean temperature over the course of the 24-year surveillance period, annual Lyme disease incidence rates increased 35.5% overall, concurrently peaking with mean temperature in 2012 and 2016. After adjusting for annual mean, minimum and maximum temperatures, annual total precipitation, and regional climate, in addition to adjusting for age group, race and ethnicity, sex, and service, incidence rate ratios of both tick-borne diseases did not significantly change with increases in climatic variables. Adjusted incidence rate ratios of both tick-borne diseases increased with increasing age group. Annual Lyme disease incidence rates peaked concurrently with annual mean temperatures. Incidence rate ratios for Lyme disease were highest in the Southeast compared to the Northeast, while Rocky Mountain spotted fever incidence rate ratios were highest in the South compared to the Southeast. Annual Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever incidence rates ratios increased with increasing age group.","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 3","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-medical risk factors influencing health and association with suicidal ideation or attempt, U.S. active component, 2018-2022. 影响健康的非医疗风险因素及其与自杀意念或企图的关联，美国现役成分，2018-2022。

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-03-20

Evan Finlay, Saixia Ying, Sithembile L Mabila, Shauna L Stahlman

{"title":"Non-medical risk factors influencing health and association with suicidal ideation or attempt, U.S. active component, 2018-2022.","authors":"Evan Finlay, Saixia Ying, Sithembile L Mabila, Shauna L Stahlman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study documents, for the first time, the frequency of diagnosis for non-medical risk factors influencing health among U.S. active component service members. An association is identified between non-medical risk factors and suicide ideation or attempt within 1 year following diagnosis of the risk factor. This study reports the prevalence of non-medical risk factors, also known as social determinants of health, among active component service members and assesses the relationship between these factors and suicide ideation or attempts between 2018 and 2022. This analysis was performed to determine if there is opportunity to prevent suicide ideation or attempt among service members indicated for these non-medical risk factors. The findings reveal differences between demographic variables, emphasizing the disproportionate impacts of non-medical risk factors within the military population. For example, non-Hispanic Black service members had higher frequencies of diagnoses for all factors. After controlling for age, sex, service branch, race, and year of entry into military service, odds of suicidal ideation or attempt were elevated for service members with a recent diagnosis for factors related to abuse (odds ratio [OR] 13.7), family upbringing (OR 10.9), other psychosocial issues (OR 7.5), social environment (OR 7.4), lifestyle (OR 5.4), and life management (OR 5.3). This finding persisted even after excluding individuals with any prior mental health diagnosis. The results of this study suggest a need for a more comprehensive understanding of non-medical risk factors in shaping health outcomes and informing interventions to mitigate their effects.","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 3","pages":"2-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mid-season influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed ambulatory influenza among U.S. active component service members, December 1, 2024-February 8, 2025. 2024年12月1日至2025年2月8日，美国现役军人中季节中期流感疫苗对实验室确认的流动流感的有效性。

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-03-20

Angelia A Eick-Cost, ZhengZheng Hu

引用次数: 0

External cause coding of injury encounters in the Military Health System among active component U.S. service members, 2016-2019. 2016-2019年美国现役军人在军事卫生系统中受伤遭遇的外因编码

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-02-20

Michelle Canham-Chervak, Anna Schuh-Renner, Shauna L Stahlman, Catherine Rappole, Bruce H Jones

{"title":"External cause coding of injury encounters in the Military Health System among active component U.S. service members, 2016-2019.","authors":"Michelle Canham-Chervak, Anna Schuh-Renner, Shauna L Stahlman, Catherine Rappole, Bruce H Jones","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of injury causes is essential for prevention. To investigate cause coding in service members' electronic medical records, injury encounters from 2016 to 2019 containing at least 1 external cause code were analyzed. Approximately 10% of incident injury encounters contained at least 1 cause code describing the mechanism, activity, or place of occurrence. Less than 2% of overuse injury encounters had a cause code each year, compared to 36.4-44.0% of acute injuries occurring from 2016 to 2019. Cause coding occurred more frequently in records from military facilities compared to outsourced care (p<0.001). Inpatient records were more likely to be cause-coded than outpatient records (p<0.001). More injury encounters in emergency clinics were cause coded (>50%), compared to approximately 7% of primary care and 2% of specialist encounters. In 2019, the leading mechanism was overexertion (19.9%), followed by falls, slips, or trips (18.7%). The primary activity associated with injuries was running (21.1%). Military training ground was the leading place of occurrence (13.0%). Improvements to the quality and quantity of external cause coding in the medical records would provide critical details to inform military injury prevention. From 2016 through 2019, approximately 10% of 1.5 million annual U.S. service member incident injury medical encounters contained external cause codes. Acute injuries were approximately 20 times more likely to receive a cause code than overuse injuries. Causes were less likely to be recorded in outpatient care records and at non-military health care facilities.","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 2","pages":"2-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a new fleet disease and injury surveillance capability using ESSENCE. 利用 ESSENCE 开发新的车队疾病和伤害监测能力。

MSMR Pub Date : 2025-02-20

Wendi S Bowman, Sasha A McGee, Lisa A Pearse, Courtney Coker, Jamaal A Russell, Asha J Riegodedios

{"title":"Development of a new fleet disease and injury surveillance capability using ESSENCE.","authors":"Wendi S Bowman, Sasha A McGee, Lisa A Pearse, Courtney Coker, Jamaal A Russell, Asha J Riegodedios","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, disease and illness (D&I) surveillance on U.S. Navy vessels relied on weekly data updates and required manual data processing. Established surveillance approaches for fixed military hospitals and clinics were not designed to be applied to the highly mobile populations aboard ships. This paper describes the development of a new surveillance capability through utilization of the Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics (ESSENCE). The pilot program successfully instituted a near real-time D&I surveillance system defined for shipboard operations. Following initial data and system assessment, an operational surveillance strategy was developed and implemented at the Navy's 4 regional Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Units responsible for global fleet assets. Despite early implementation challenges, preventive medicine users reported that the fleet ESSENCE system was effective in identifying potential outbreaks, with sufficient efficiency for daily surveillance. This new capability using in-theater data in ESSENCE enables unprecedented, near real-time D&I surveillance for the U.S. Navy fleet. While currently targeting gastrointestinal and respiratory illness trends, the infrastructure has flexibility to add new modules in response to fleet and preventive medicine requirements.","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 2","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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