{"title":"The discovery of chloramphenicol treatment for both scrub typhus and typhoid fever.","authors":"G Dennis Shanks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aileen C Mooney, Simon D Pollett, Brian K Agan, Dara A Russell, Marissa K Hetrich, David R Tribble, Timothy H Burgess, Robert J O'Connell, Rhonda E Colombo, Kathleen E Creppage, M Shayne Gallaway
{"title":"Beyond the clinic: the importance of Department of Defense respiratory viral panel testing for public health surveillance and force health protection.","authors":"Aileen C Mooney, Simon D Pollett, Brian K Agan, Dara A Russell, Marissa K Hetrich, David R Tribble, Timothy H Burgess, Robert J O'Connell, Rhonda E Colombo, Kathleen E Creppage, M Shayne Gallaway","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"U.S. military medical surveillance: two centuries of progress.","authors":"Sanders Marble","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William E Gruner, Laurie S DeMarcus, Jeffrey W Thervil, Bismark Kwaah, Whitney N Jenkins, Amy L Bogue, Tamara R Hartless, Anthony S Robbins, James F Hanson, Jimmaline J Hardy, Deanna M Muehlman, Anthony C Fries, Elizabeth A Macias
{"title":"The Department of Defense Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program: its impact on public health, from the U.S. Armed Forces to global health.","authors":"William E Gruner, Laurie S DeMarcus, Jeffrey W Thervil, Bismark Kwaah, Whitney N Jenkins, Amy L Bogue, Tamara R Hartless, Anthony S Robbins, James F Hanson, Jimmaline J Hardy, Deanna M Muehlman, Anthony C Fries, Elizabeth A Macias","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bulbulgul Aumakhan, Angelia A Eick-Cost, Gi-Taik Oh, Shauna L Stahlman, Robert Johnson
{"title":"Four decades of HIV antibody screening in the U.S. military: a review of incidence and demographic trends, 1990-2024.","authors":"Bulbulgul Aumakhan, Angelia A Eick-Cost, Gi-Taik Oh, Shauna L Stahlman, Robert Johnson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant efforts to further reduce HIV incidence, including the introduction and scaling of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2012, the repeal of the \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell\" (DADT) policy in 2011, and test-and-treat initiatives aligned with the 2019 \"Ending the HIV Epidemic\" initiative, annual rates of HIV incidence in the U.S. Armed Forces have continued to show little to no annual declines. To better understand the nature of new infections in the U.S. military, this retrospective analysis examined cases and trends in greater depth to 1) identify and describe total HIV antibody seropositivity rates from 1990 to 2024, with stratification by demographic characteristics, and 2) identify and characterize potential shifts in the epidemiological profile of HIV cases during the course of the evolving HIV epidemic. From January 1990 through December 2024, over 46 million U.S. service members in the active component, Guard, and reserve were tested for HIV antibodies, and 11,280 (24.3 per 100,000 persons tested) were diagnosed with HIV. Male service members comprised 96.3% of all HIV infections. The total rate of new HIV diagnoses declined over the period of surveillance, with the steepest decline in the first decade. Overall rates stabilized in 1997, but differences persist between different age and population groups. New HIV diagnoses have risen among male service members under age 30 years, with non-Hispanic Black service members bearing the highest burden and Hispanic service members experiencing the largest relative increases. Since 1997, rates in all racial and ethnic groups have more than doubled for those under age 25 years; for Hispanic service members, the increase was nearly 10-fold.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ammunition ship explosions in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, 1944 and 1945.","authors":"G Dennis Shanks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"49-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sneha P Cherukuri, Mark L Bova, Shaylee P Mehta, Christian T Bautista
{"title":"Forecasting influenza with the long short-term memory model: results from the 2023-2024 influenza season.","authors":"Sneha P Cherukuri, Mark L Bova, Shaylee P Mehta, Christian T Bautista","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report assesses the performance of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a machine-learning method with potential to improve forecasting accuracy for respiratory disease surveillance, for possible inclusion in future U.S. Department of Defense influenza forecasting analyses. LSTM is a recurrent neural network model that can be used in almost all modeling fields. The LSTM model had the lowest median log-transformed weighted interval score (WIS) for all forecasting horizons: 1 week (0.3), 2 weeks (0.4), and combined 1-2 weeks (0.4). Further research is recommended to determine the performance of the LSTM model for other respiratory infections, including COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"29-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Malaria among members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2024.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria infection remains a potential health threat to U.S. service members located in or near endemic areas due to duty assignments, participation in contingency operations, or personal travel. In 2024, a total of 30 active and reserve component service members were diagnosed with or reported to have malaria, a 23.1% decrease from the 39 cases identified in 2023. Over half of U.S. service member malaria cases in 2024 were caused by Plasmodium falciparum (56.7%, n=17), followed by unspecified types of malaria (33.3%, n=10) and P. vivax (10.0%, n=3). Malaria cases were diagnosed or reported from 18 different medical facilities in the U.S., Germany, Africa, Japan, Middle East, and South Korea. Of the 27 cases with a known location of diagnosis, 11 (40.7%) were reported or diagnosed outside the U.S. This report documents a total of 30 malaria cases in 2024, a 23.1% decrease from 39 cases in 2023, mainly due to declines in Africa and other or unspecified locations. As in 2023, Plasmodium falciparum continues to constitute over half of new malaria cases (n=17, 56.7%) among active and reserve component U.S. service members.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Medical Surveillance Monthly Report: the first 30 years.","authors":"Leslie L Clark, Mark V Rubertone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 4","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation between mean temperature and incidence of tick-borne diseases among active duty service members in the contiguous U.S., 2000-2023.","authors":"Prabhavi Denagamage, Sithembile L Mabila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical encounter data and reportable medical events from the Defense Medical Surveillance System were utilized to establish that from 2000 to 2023 there were 2,869 cases of Lyme disease and 175 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among U.S. active component service members within the contiguous U.S. Coincident with a 5.3% (0.63°C) increase in annual mean temperature over the course of the 24-year surveillance period, annual Lyme disease incidence rates increased 35.5% overall, concurrently peaking with mean temperature in 2012 and 2016. After adjusting for annual mean, minimum and maximum temperatures, annual total precipitation, and regional climate, in addition to adjusting for age group, race and ethnicity, sex, and service, incidence rate ratios of both tick-borne diseases did not significantly change with increases in climatic variables. Adjusted incidence rate ratios of both tick-borne diseases increased with increasing age group. Annual Lyme disease incidence rates peaked concurrently with annual mean temperatures. Incidence rate ratios for Lyme disease were highest in the Southeast compared to the Northeast, while Rocky Mountain spotted fever incidence rate ratios were highest in the South compared to the Southeast. Annual Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever incidence rates ratios increased with increasing age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 3","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}