MSMR最新文献

{"title":"Heat exhaustion and heat stroke among U.S. active component service members, 2021-2025.","authors":"Alexis L Maule, Katherine S Kotas, Kiara D Scatliffe-Carrion, John F Ambrose","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, the unadjusted incidence rates of heat stroke and heat exhaustion among U.S. active component service members were 39.4 and 170.0 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The rate of heat stroke increased in 2024 and 2025, after declining for 3 years (2021-2023) at the beginning of the 5-year surveillance period. In contrast, the rate of heat exhaustion decreased in 2025, following a 4-year increase from 2021 through 2024. In 2025, male service members experienced higher rates of heat stroke, when compared to their female counterparts. Female service members and non-Hispanic Black service members experienced higher rates of heat exhaustion than their male counterparts and service members of other racial and ethnic groups, respectively. Consistent with prior annual reports, heat illness rates remained the highest among those younger than age 20 years, Marine Corps and Army members, and recruit trainees. To protect the force and increase readiness, military leaders and public health personnel can implement evidence-based prevention strategies, train service members to recognize the signs and symptoms of heat illness and take early action to counter the threat. The unadjusted incidence rate of heat stroke increased 6.9% from 2024 to 2025, for the second year in a row, while the unadjusted annual incidence rate of heat exhaustion fell by 9.1% in 2025, following a 4-year increase from 2021 through 2024. Locations where entry training are conducted for new Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force personnel accounted for 40.3% of all heat illness diagnoses over the 5-year surveillance period. Training, specifically initial training upon service entry, remains a major risk factor for heat illness occurrence among U.S. active component service members.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 5","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exertional rhabdomyolysis among U.S. active component service members, 2021-2025.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exertional rhabdomyolysis is a pathologic muscle breakdown associated with strenuous physical activity. A largely preventable condition, it persists as an occupational hazard of military training and operations, especially in high heat environments among individuals pushing their endurance limits. A total of 521 cases of exertional rhabdomyolysis were identified in the U.S. Armed Forces in 2025, corresponding to a crude incidence rate of 39.7 cases per 100,000 person-years. This rate is consistent with 2023-2024 levels but remains higher than rates from 2021-2022. The percentage of inpatient cases rose to a 5-year peak of 46.3% in 2025, however, a 21.6% relative increase from the low of 38.0% recorded in 2022. In 2025, the Air Force demonstrated the most significant rate increase, 60.0%, followed by the Army, with a 16.4% increase. In contrast, the Marine Corps and Navy showed rate decreases of 32.4% and 34.8%, respectively, when compared to 2024. The Coast Guard's annual case numbers remained low, ranging 4-6 cases throughout the 5-year surveillance period. Consistent with prior reports, subgroup-specific crude rates in 2025 were highest among men, those younger than age 20 years, non-Hispanic Black service members, Marine Corps or Army members, and those in combat-specific or 'other' military occupations. In 2025, recruit trainees continued to experience the highest rates of exertional rhabdomyolysis, with a rate more than 6 times greater than officers and enlisted members.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 5","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exertional hyponatremia among U.S. active component service members, 2021-2025.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exertional hyponatremia, also known as exercise-associated hyponatremia, is a fluid electrolyte disorder defined by a low sodium level in the blood (below 135 mEq/L). Exertional hyponatremia results from excessive fluid intake that dilutes serum sodium, impairing neurological and other organ functions. Hyponatremia can be fatal if not detected early and managed properly. From 2021 through 2025, 609 cases of exertional hyponatremia were diagnosed among U.S. active component service members (ACSMs), with an overall incidence rate of 9.2 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs). In 2025, 106 cases of exertional hyponatremia were diagnosed among ACSMs, resulting in an incidence rate of 8.1 per 100,000 p-yrs. The highest incidence rates in 2025 were observed among males, individuals ages 35-39 years, non-Hispanic White service members, those in health care occupations, and personnel stationed in the western U.S. Notably, between 2024 and 2025 the Marine Corps and recruit populations showed a sharp decline in cases. From 2021 to 2023, annual rates of incident exertional hyponatremia diagnoses increased, peaking in 2023 (11.6 per 100,000 p-yrs) and then decreased to 8.1 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2025. Although the incidence of exertional hyponatremia is decreasing, continued monitoring and specialized prevention strategies are critical, as the associated risk factors may affect individuals differently. Incidence rates of exertional hyponatremia decreased from 10.6 per 100,000 people per year in 2024 to 8.1 per 100,000 in 2025. Rates increased sharply in the 35-39-years age group, however, while decreasing sharply among those younger than age 20 years, ages 25-29 years, and in the Marine Corps.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 5","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of tobacco and nicotine use indicators from the Periodic Health Assessment and medical diagnostic codes among U.S. active component service members, 2023.","authors":"Kristen R Rossi, Scott J Russell, Sithembile L Mabila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military service members remain a priority population for assessing the prevalence, patterns, and long-term consequences of tobacco and nicotine use. The limitations inherent to documenting use among military service members, however, complicate the design of exposure assessment. This study combined 2 data sources-by aggregating self-reported Periodic Health Assessment (PHA) survey data with International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revisions, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM) medical diagnostic codes-to classify nicotine and tobacco use as exposures delineated by recent use or history of any use. The study population included a total of 921,394 U.S. active component service members who completed a PHA in 2023. PHA classification for 'recent use' was defined by self-reported use of any tobacco or nicotine product within the past 30 days, whereas 'history of any use' included recent users in addition to those who reported cessation of use. The full roster of service members who completed the PHA in 2023 was matched to ambulatory and inpatient medical records within 30 days, before or after, the PHA sample period (December 1, 2022-January 31, 2024) to identify selected ICD-10-CM codes for recent use. Selected diagnostic codes for a 'history of any use' were queried for a period of 20 years preceding and 30 days following (January 1, 2004-January 31, 2024) the PHA sample period. Among PHA respondents, 22.0% (n=203,156) self-reported recent nicotine or tobacco use. When aggregating PHA data with recent exposure classified from diagnostic codes, the resulting assessment of recent nicotine or tobacco use increased to 28.7% (n=264,194). Critically, this aggregation identified 61,038 U.S. service members with no evidence of recent use on the PHA but with a concurrent clinical record during the specified matching period. Aggregating data sources for a history of any use only nominally improved the estimate, increasing it from 41.1% (PHA alone) to 43.1%. Agreement between sources was fair for both recent use (κ=0.28) and historical use (κ=0.36). The results of this study indicate that neither self-reported PHA data nor medical diagnostic codes alone provide a complete picture of tobacco and nicotine use among U.S. active component service members. The combination of medical diagnostic codes with self-reported PHA survey responses increases exposure estimates of recent tobacco or nicotine use among U.S. active component service members to 28.7%, in comparison to 22.0% if exclusively assessing recent use from the PHA. The integration of multiple data sources may provide a more comprehensive assessment of recent nicotine and tobacco exposure among service members, directly supporting enhanced public health surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 4","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13275102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head and neck cancer among U.S. active component service members, 2010-2024.","authors":"Christa E Goodwin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study utilized de-identified surveillance data to estimate the incidence of head and neck cancer among active component service members (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard) from 2010 through 2024. This report updates the June 2021 MSMR analysis of oral and pharyngeal cancers (2007-2019) by expanding the case definition to include all head and neck cancers and extending the surveillance period through 2024. There were 549 cases of head and neck cancer diagnosed in the active component military during the 15-year period of analysis. The Army had the highest 15-year incidence rate (3.3 per 100,000 person-years) compared to the Navy (2.6 per 100,000), Air Force (2.6 per 100,000), Coast Guard (2.0 per 100,000), and Marine Corps (1.3 per 100,000). Service members ages 40 years and older had the highest overall incidence rate (12.3 per 100,000), which was 3.3 times the next highest rate observed among those ages 35-39 years. The 15-year male incidence rate (2.9 per 100,000) was greater than that among females (1.7 per 100,000). The parotid gland was the most common site of diagnosis, comprising 14.8% of cases. This report provides the most current head and neck cancer incidence data for active component service members from 2010 through 2024; it establishes baseline rates for monitoring of future trends and highlights specific high-risk populations (e.g., men, Army personnel, service members ages 40 years and older). Although head and neck cancer is the seventh most prevalent cancer worldwide, its incidence among active component service members is seldom reported. Head and neck cancer is often not diagnosed until it has metastasized. Significant physical limitations (e.g., difficulty chewing, speaking, and swallowing) and psychosocial effects (e.g., anxiety, depression, social isolation), compromising service member readiness, can accompany this type of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 4","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13275103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of oropharyngeal cancer among U.S. active component service members, 2005-2024.","authors":"Shauna L Stahlman, Erika Dreyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 4","pages":"15-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13275104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-year populations by sex, age, and race and ethnicity of U.S. active component service members, 2023-2025.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 3","pages":"18-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147933865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and burden of endometriosis among U.S. active component service women, 2017-2024.","authors":"Jessica H Murray, Sithembile L Mabila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a complex gynecological condition affecting nearly 10% of reproductive-aged women. This report updates a 2017 MSMR report of gynecological conditions, including endometriosis, from 2012 through 2016 among U.S. active component service women. The current report utilized medical encounter data from 2017 through 2024 to assess the incidence of endometriosis and its health care burden among U.S. active component service women. Factors related to co-occurring gynecological conditions, deployment, parity, and contraceptive use were also examined. Crude incidence rates and incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The overall crude rate of endometriosis was 32.8 cases per 10,000 person-years and increased approximately 42.0% from 2017 to 2024. Incidence rates increased with age and were higher among nulliparous and never-deployed service women. Additionally, obese and underweight service women had higher incidence rates. Menorrhagia was the most common co-occurring condition, with oral birth control the most common form of contraceptive among incident cases. Identification of at-risk service women may help formulate targeted policies for earlier diagnosis to improve both quality of life and military readiness. Incidence of endometriosis increased during the surveillance period, from 28.7 cases per 10,000 person-years in 2017 to 40.7 cases per 10,000 person-years in 2024, coincident with a general increase of medical encounters for endometriosis, from 2,740 medical encounters in 2017 to 3,864 medical encounters in 2024. Service women who were older, obese or underweight, nulliparous, and never deployed had higher incidence rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 3","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147933833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality rates among U.S. service members, 2010-2020.","authors":"Shauna L Stahlman, Brianna L Rupp, Chiping Nieh, John C Walsh, Parrish P Balcena, Natalie Y Wells","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report updates previous summaries of the numbers, rates, trends and causes of death among U.S. active component, National Guard, and reserve component members from 2010 through 2020. Mortality rates ​among service members in all components decreased from 2011 to 2014, corresponding with a drawdown of U.S. military operations in U.S. Central Command. Compared to their respective counterparts, all-cause mortality rates were highest in the guard and reserve component and among Army soldiers, male service members, non-Hispanic White individuals, those in the oldest age category (age 55 years and older), and service members in combat-related occupations. Suicide and self-inflicted injury was the leading cause of death for both U.S. service women and men. Mortality rates for all causes of death among military service members were lower than the in U.S. population after adjustments for age, sex, and race and ethnicity-with the exception of suicide and self-inflicted injury, for which rates were higher. These findings demonstrate the need for a continued emphasis on suicide prevention programs to improve service member well-being. By identifying the specific subpopulations at highest risk for various causes of mortality, these surveillance data provide information for the Department of War to refine and more effectively target its prevention efforts and resources. Continued mortality surveillance is essential to identify emerging threats, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, and protect both the health and readiness of the force.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 3","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHAMPS: the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System-a summary of career and medical records of the U.S. Armed Forces, 1980-2023.","authors":"Yohannes G Haile, Adam T Biggs, James F Bonkowski, Zeina G Khodr, Jennifer McAnany, Christa R Lausted, Nathan C Carnes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"33 2","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}