MSMR最新文献

{"title":"Venomous animal bites and stings in active component U.S. service members, 2008-2023.","authors":"Ralph A Stidham, José M Jimenez, Sithembile L Mabila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study characterizes all medically diagnosed bites and stings in active component service members (ACSMs) from snakes, venomous fish, other venomous marine animals, arthropods, and insects identified through an evaluation of medical data from the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS). Incident trends were determined from 2008 through 2023, and incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. In total, there were 42,552 venomous bite and sting medical encounters among 39,201 ACSMs, resulting in an IR of 19.3 cases per 10,000 person-years (p-yrs) during the surveillance period. Most cases occurred in men ages 20-34 years, non-Hispanic White individuals, Army service members, and junior enlisted ranks. IRs were elevated in female (25.0 per 10,000 p-yrs), youngest (<20 years, 24.5 per 10,000 p-yrs), and Coast Guard or U.S. Public Health Service (23.4 per 10,000 p-yrs) ACSMs. Arthropods were the primary source (75.0%) of stings and bites. IRR calculations suggest that women had a 37.0% higher risk than men. These study findings demonstrate the continuing susceptibility of ACSMs to venomous encounters and the importance of targeted prevention strategies, training, and comprehensive medical support to maintain force readiness. Venomous bites and stings are a persistent health concern for active component service members. Arthropods are the most common culprit, but risks vary by sex, age, and military occupation. This report also reveals that younger service members and women are disproportionately affected.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 8","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early U.S. military immunization against tetanus and diphtheria: historical context and current importance.","authors":"G Dennis Shanks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 8","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential high arbovirus exposure in INDOPACOM during U.S. service member deployment or exercises in Papua New Guinea.","authors":"Joanne Kizu, Melissa Graham, Rhys Izuagbe, Brady McPherson, Peter Kaminiel, Wenjun Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arboviruses pose a significant health threat to U.S. military personnel deployed in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) region. In 2023 we conducted a sero-epidemiological study to determine the arboviruses circulating in 185 Papua New Guinea military personnel (PNGMP), using the neutralizing antibody (NAb) assay. Overall, sero-positivity rates among the 185 PNGMP tested were: anti-Zika virus (ZIKV), 87% (n=161); anti-Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), 62.2% (n=115); anti-Ross River virus (RRV), 44.3% (n=82); anti-Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), 39.5% (n=73); anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV), 33.5% (n=62); anti-Barmah Forest virus (BFV), 10.8% (n=20); and anti-West Nile virus (WNV), 5.9% (n=11). The monotypic NAb sero-positivity rates for dengue virus (DENV) serotypes were: anti-DENV-1 94.6% (n=175), anti-DENV-2 93% (n=172), anti-DENV-3 95.1% (n=176), and anti-DENV-4 31.4% (n=57). These findings indicate that the majority of PNGMP had prior exposure to DENV and ZIKV, with a notable proportion exposed to CHIKV, RRV, JEV, and MVEV, and lower levels of exposure to BFV and WNV. Low or moderate prior exposure may leave individual PNGMP immunologically naïve and more susceptible to infection and disease upon first exposure. Furthermore, secondary DENV infections with a different serotype can increase risk of severe disease due to immune enhancement mechanisms such as antibody-dependent enhancement. Understanding these exposure patterns is crucial for assessing population risk and informing surveillance and prevention strategies. U.S. soldiers exercising or deploying to Papua New Guinea should adhere to strict preventive measures for minimizing mosquito bites and reducing their risk of arboviral infections. To our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive examination of arbovirus sero-positivity rates in Papua New Guinea military personnel (PNGMP) following the COVID-19 pandemic. After examining sero-positivity of 11 arboviruses, we found a majority of PNGMP with neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to dengue and Zika viruses, with some NAb to chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, Ross River, and Murray Valley encephalitis viruses. Sero-prevalence to Barmah Forest and West Nile viruses was less common.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 8","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in hypertension and hypertensive disease among active component U.S. service members, 2018-2023.","authors":"Shauna L Stahlman, Lori M Tantlinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 8","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complicated breast cellulitis status post-bilateral mastectomies caused by infection with Staphylococcus coagulans.","authors":"Edwin Kamau, Lindsey L O'Neal, Kitjawat Tatdanai, Casey W Harless, Violet Nxedhlana, John L MacArthur, Jamie L Dombach, Terri Carlson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 7","pages":"13-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest editorial: Preparation for training in the heat season: key considerations for heat injury risk prevention and mitigation.","authors":"Gabrielle E W Giersch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 7","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine-preventable outbreak of acute respiratory illness and pneumonia associated with adenovirus at a U.S. Marine Corps training center.","authors":"Lynn A Van Airsdale, Jacqueline M Peretti, Asha J Riegodedios, Aliye Z Sanou, Lisa A Pearse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenovirus outbreaks have long been a cause of acute respiratory disease, hospitalization, and death in otherwise young, healthy military recruits. The administration of oral, live attenuated adenovirus (AdV) vaccine against AdV types 4 and 7 has been critical in preventing outbreaks in this population.1-4 In early July 2024, a spike in recruit hospitalizations for AdV pneumonia was recognized at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) San Diego, and an outbreak investigation commenced. From July 1 through September 23, 2024, a total of 212 AdV cases, including 28 hospitalizations, were identified among trainees and staff. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, including aggressive environmental cleaning, separation of sick and well recruits, and masking, were implemented. The outbreak was not appreciably slowed, however, until AdV vaccine administration was advanced from day 11 to day 1 post-arrival of recruits to MCRD San Diego. This outbreak report demonstrates that early AdV vaccination for newly arriving recruits is an effective and essential step in preventing AdV morbidity and mortality in a recruit training setting. Despite the availability and widespread use of effective vaccines during recruit training, adenovirus outbreaks remain a significant threat to military recruits if the vaccine is not administered expediently, upon arrival to the recruit training center.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 7","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between health-related quality of life and female service member readiness: findings from the U.S. Millennium Cohort Study.","authors":"Isabel G Jacobson, Sheila F Castañeda, Yunnuo Zhu, Crystal L Lewis, Felicia R Carey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 7","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat exhaustion and heat stroke among active component members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2020-2024.","authors":"Alexis L Maule, Katherine S Kotas, Kiara D Scatliffe-Carrion, John F Ambrose","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2024, the crude incidence rates of heat stroke and heat exhaustion were 36.4 and 183.9 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. After a period of decline in rates of incident heat stroke from 2020 through 2023, during the 2024 surveillance period an increase was observed. When considering only heat exhaustion, incident rates increased each year during the 5-year surveillance period, from 2020 through 2024. In 2024, higher rates of heat stroke were observed among male service members, when compared to their female counterparts, as well as among non-Hispanic White service members compared to service members of other races and ethnicities. Female service members and non-Hispanic Black service members experienced higher rates of heat exhaustion than their male counterparts and service members of other races and ethnicities, respectively. Heat illness rates were also higher among those younger than age 20 years, Marine Corps and Army service members, and recruit trainees. To mitigate the personal and organizational impacts of heat illness, leaders, training cadres, and supporting medical and safety personnel must inform both their subordinate and supported service members of heat illness risks, preventive measures, early signs and symptoms of illness, and appropriate interventions. In 2024, the crude annual incidence rate of heat stroke increased 16.5%, following a 4-year decrease of 10.8% from 2020 to 2023. All services, apart from the Space Force and Coast Guard, had a higher rate of heat stroke in 2024 than in 2023. The crude annual incidence rate of heat exhaustion increased 52.3% from 2020 to 2024, with incremental increases annually. Increased rates of heat exhaustion in 2024 from 2023 were observed in the Army, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 6","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exertional hyponatremia among active component members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2009-2024.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exertional hyponatremia, or hyponatremia associated with exercise, occurs within 24 hours after physical activity due to a serum, plasma, or blood sodium concentration ([Na+]) below the normal reference range of 135 mEq/L. Hyponatremia can be fatal if not detected early and managed properly. From 2009 to 2024, 1,829 cases of exertional hyponatremia were diagnosed among U.S. active component service members (ACSMs), with an overall incidence rate of 8.4 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs). In 2024, 134 cases of exertional hyponatremia were diagnosed among ACSMs, resulting in a crude incidence rate of 10.4 per 100,000 p-yrs. Female service members, those older than 40 years, non-Hispanic White service members, Marine Corps members, recruits, those in health care occupations, and ACSMs stationed in the Midwest U.S. had higher incidence rates of diagnosis for exertional hyponatremia than their respective counterparts. From 2009 to 2024, annual rates of incident exertional hyponatremia diagnoses peaked in 2010 (12.8 per 100,000 p-yrs) and then decreased to a low of 5.3 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2013. The incidence rate has fluctuated since then, rising from 6.1 per 100,000 p-yrs in 2017 to the second-highest level (11.2 per 100,000 p-yrs) in 2023 before decreasing to 10.4 per 100,000 p-yrs in 2024. Service members and their supervisors must be aware of the dangers of excessive consumption of water and the prescribed limits of water intake during prolonged physical activity, including field training exercises, personal fitness training, as well as recreational activities, particularly in hot, humid weather. Incidence rates of exertional hyponatremia changed from 2023 to 2024, with the overall incidence rate decreasing from 11.2 to 10.4 per 100,000 p-yrs. Rates increased, however, in the 25-29 years age group and in the Coast Guard, while decreasing sharply among non-Hispanic Black individuals and recruits. The highest incidence rates were observed in non-Hispanic White individuals and health care personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":38856,"journal":{"name":"MSMR","volume":"32 6","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}