Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology最新文献

{"title":"The Russian version of “Core Self-Evaluation Scale”: Psychometric testing and prospects of using","authors":"S. Manichev, Nikolay Lepehin, O. Ilyina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.304","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a theoretical description and psychometric testing of the Russian version of the “Core Self-Evaluation Scale” (CSEs (Ru)). The scale of CSE is an integral indicator that reflects of a personal resources of proactive behavior, as well as a generalized dispositional predictor of job satisfaction and positive self-assessment of the results of activity. The validation and psychometric testing were conducted in several stages, the total number of respondents N=917, who work in Moscow, St Petersburg, Belgorod, and other Russian cities, between the ages of 18 and 60, of which 62% are female and 38% are male. The design of the study included methods: an adapted Russian version of the Core Self-Evaluation scale by Judge et al., 5PFQ as adapted by A.B.Hromov, Generalized self-efficacy scale, Schwarzer, Jerusalem as adapted by V.G.Romek, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Locus of control as adapted by Kseno- fontova, Gallup’s Q12 Employee Engagement Survey. A two-factor structure of the CSEs (Ru) was identified which includes positive and negative core self-evaluation scales. The CSEs (Ru) demonstrated a satisfactory reliability. The validation testing demonstrated significant correlations with self-esteem, level of subjective control, self-efficacy, neuroticism, и engagement. The CSEs (Ru) includes 10 items and has a sufficient preliminary reliability and validity, making it a useful tool when measuring the core self-evaluation of organizations’ staff. Diversities of the negative core self-evaluation level’s strength within respondents of different age and sex were identified. Сore self-evaluation level is important in staffing work teams of different professional specialization as a predictor of proactive behavior and team resilience. Further research could be focused on the proof of the measurement’s reliability and validity when measuring of proactive behavior in teams.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123747651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicit attitudes towards gender roles as a factor of subjective career success of women","authors":"Daria Emeshkina, L. Mararitsa","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.105","url":null,"abstract":"Attitudes of women to gender roles, based on the dominant gender ideology in society, which determines normative behaviors for men and women, are reflected in women’s involvement in career and shaping career paths. The mechanism of the relationship of attitudes with the subjective career success of women is little studied. The goal of the study is exploring the mechanism that mediates the relationship of implicit and explicit attitudes towards gender roles and subjective career success of women. The study involved employed women at the age of 18 to 65 years (N = 91). Four mechanisms were distinguished: career manageability, fear of backlash, work centrality and career planning, presumably mediating the relationship of implicit and explicit attitudes of women towards gender roles with subjective career success. The results showed that implicit and explicit attitudes towards gender roles are not directly related to subjective career success and career satisfaction among women. The mechanism of the relationship of explicit gender roles attitudes and subjective career success turned out to be career planning. Only career planning was correlated with explicit egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles and subjective career success and career satisfaction. Moreover, women with egalitarian explicit attitudes rated career manageability lower and career planning higher than women with traditional attitudes towards gender roles. Subjective career success is correlated with the work centrality and career planning, but not with career manageability or fear of backlash. Implicit attitudes towards gender roles are not correlated with any of the 4 mechanisms. The model, in which career planning acts as a mechanism for connecting explicit attitudes and subjective success, was tested using SEM and showed compliance with the data. Thus, career planning is a mechanism to mediates the correlation of attitudes towards gender roles and subjective career success, career satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122171013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The scientific and life path of the outstanding comparative psychologist N.A.Tikh","authors":"E. Troshikhina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.106","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the life and scientific work of Nina Aleksandrovna Tikh (1905–1983), an outstanding Russian zoopsychologist and comparative psychologist, and professor at Leningrad (St Petersburg) State University in 1951–1975. She followed V. A.Wagner, was a student of V. M.Borovsky, and was a colleague of N. Yu. Voitonis, N. N.Ladygina-Kots, G. Z.Roginsky, and M. F.Nesturkh. She made a significant contribution to the development of comparative psychology and zoopsychology. Tikh conducted observations and experiments on animals and birds; she published about fifty works, of which four are monographs. Tikh’s main areas of interest were the origin and development of human consciousness, thinking, speech, and social behavior. Most of all, she was engaged in the least developed problem of anthropogenesis: the history of the transformation of the herd life of human ancestors into the social life of people. For sixteen years Tikh studied the prehistory of social life, observing the herd life of apes in the Sukhumi Monkey Nursery, the medical and biological station of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Tikh concluded that living together in a herd would not have advantages over individual life without mutual help. The materials of these observations, their analysis, and an attempt to reconstruct the development of the hominid community from the herd life of animal human ancestors were included in the final monograph Prehistory of Society, which is a fundamental scientific work.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129823672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory-perceptual processing in children with autism spectrum disorders based on the study of visual and haptic perception","authors":"I. Mamaichuk, Meriam Uld Semeta","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2020.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2020.304","url":null,"abstract":"Few existing experimental studies of haptic perception and object exploration in autism ad-dress perceptual actions in children with ASD. Haptic perception plays an important role in the formation of perceptual processes in early childhood. Stereotypical behaviour in children with ASD and observed sensory abnormalities in different modalities point to the need to study haptic perception as well. The purpose of this study was to examine haptic perception in children with ASD and their peers in comparison to their visual perception. 16 typically developing and 18 children with ASD aged from 6 to 15 years of age participated in this study. The experiment took place in the context of a game in which children were asked to touch an object, name it, and draw what they think it is, then the same stimuli were presented in the visual modality. To register hand movements in a contactless manner for the first time, “Leap Motion” was implemented. The results indicate that children with ASD have underdeveloped perceptual actions in the process of haptic perception of the stimuli, which manifested itself in a lack of contour-following, longer fixations on local components of the figure, which was also evident in the names and drawings of the stimuli given by children with ASD. The drawings and names that children with ASD gave to perceived stimuli often included geometric shapes. Such outcomes provide more proof of general deficits in perception in children with autism.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124340298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level health indicators as predictors of students’ subjective well-being experience","authors":"E. Korjova, E. Veselova, O. Rudykhina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.405","url":null,"abstract":"The subjective well-being as an integral experience of health state is a multidimensional phenomenon. The intrapersonal, social and environmental levels of subjective well-being were distinguished. The aim of the study was to determine predictors of subjective well-being of students. 850 students of different courses of St Petersburg and Novosibirsk universities took part in the study. The screening techniques MHC-SF (C.Keyes) and test of resilience (D.Leont’ev and E.Rasskazova), Scale of subjective well-being (C.Ryff), Measuring of prosocial tendencies (G.Carlo and B.A.Randall, adaptation of N.Kukhtova), Measuring of attitude to significant life situations (E.Korjova, A.Berdnikova), Scale of depression PHQ-9 and Scale of anxiety GAD-7 (Patient Health Questionnaire) were used. The results showed that students with a high level of subjective well-being rated all levels of health significantly higher than students with a low level of subjective well-being. The greatest influence on the subjective wellbeing is exerted by intrapersonal (endopsychic) predictors — resilience (β=0.322; p=0.000) and the presence of a goal in life (β=0.176; p=0.000). To a lesser extent, exopsychic predictors have an impact — attitude to a significant life situation and prosocial orientation, as well as self-assessment of mental health and presence of depression. The greatest contribution to the subjective well-being of intrapersonal characteristics confirms the leading role of personality in regulating the relationship between human and world. The data obtained make it possible to build a hierarchy of significant health resources for working out different health-saving programs.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123184920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in values among representatives of the millennial generation","authors":"I. Rzhanova, O. Alekseeva, Aleksandr Albov, Y. Burdukova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.302","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines gender differences in basic individual values among representatives of the millennial generation and older generations. Values are stable characteristics of a person that determine goals, judgments, actions, and behavior. The structure of values depends on various factors, such as age, gender, social status, education, etc. Generational differences influencing the formation of values are of particular interest. The main focus of the work is aimed at studying the generation of millennials, who now make up the most active part of the population. In total, the study involved 949 people, 528 women and 421 men aged 18 to 70 years. The respondents were divided into 3 groups according to the years of their birth: the generation of stagnation (315 people, 46 % women), the reform generation (310 people, 61 % women), the generation of millennials (324 people, 59 % women). The Portrait Questionnaire by S. Schwartz was used to assess personal values. The questionnaire reveals 10 basic values: Security, Conformity, Tradition, Self-Direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power, Benevolence, and Universalism. The main results of the study include the identified gender differences in the group of millennials in the Self-Direction, Security, and Power. Men of the reform generation (who grew up in the 1990s) have significantly higher preference of Stimulation than women of the reform generation and representatives of the generation of stagnation. Conformity, Tradition, Hedonism, and Achievement have the same value among men and women regardless of age in our society. In general, compared to older generations, young millennials prefer the values of Self-Enhancement and Openness to Change as opposed to the values of Conservation and Self-Transcendence.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128347756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily stress and life satisfaction of teenage girls","authors":"L. Golovey, Olga S. Galasheva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.403","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday stressors of teenage girls are considered. The purpose of the study: development and testing of the questionnaire of everyday stressors for adolescents; determination of the intensity of various spheres of life; revealing the ratio of stress tension and life satisfaction. Methods: the author’s questionnaire of everyday stressors for adolescents, the stress perception scale ShVS-10 (V.A.Ababkov et al.), the life satisfaction scale (E.Diener et al.). Factorization made it possible to single out 7 blocks of events related to the areas: “Loneliness, fears”; “Finance”; “School, study”; “Rejection”; “Communication with seniors”; “Case, planning”; “Competition, self-attitude”. The α-Cronbach fitness coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.956. Content and convergent validity were checked using comparative, correlation, factorial, regression analysis. Correlation analysis revealed direct links between the number of stressful events and the strength of experience with “Overstrain”, “Stress counteraction”, “Perceived stress” of the ShVS-10 methodology, which confirmed the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Typological analysis showed a higher level of stress load in girls with low life satisfaction. Correlation analysis revealed negative relationships between life satisfaction and the number of stressors (p≤0.05), the intensity of the experience (p≤0.01), and the indicators of the SHVS-10 method (p≤0.01). Regression analysis showed that life satisfaction is a predictor that reduces the level of perceived stress (p≤0.000), overexertion (p≤0.000), resistance to stress (p≤0.000), the number of stressors in the areas “Loneliness, fears” (p≤0.000); “Finance” (p≤0.006); “School, study” (p≤0.026); “Rejection” (p≤0.003), “Communication with elders” (p≤0.001). Thus, a high level of life satisfaction can act as a factor contributing to the reduction of stress load.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127030163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive polyphasia as a strategy for pre-adaptation to social changes","authors":"D. Khoroshilov","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.205","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the mechanism of cognitive polyphasia, considered in the context of S. Mosсoviсi’s theory of social representations. In social thinking coexist often incompatible with each other cognitive attitudes that enter into dynamic relationships with each other. The work of cognitive polyphasia can be traced on the example of doublethink in the history of Soviet everyday life. Doublethink is considered a characteristic of not only individual, but also social, mass consciousness (G. Orwell), which makes it possible to distinguish between the concepts of ambivalence (S. Freud), double messages (G. Bateson), and cognitive dissonance (L. Festinger). Using examples from Soviet history and culture, the following proposition is proved: doublethink is the practice of constructing a subject of social cognition and behavior under conditions of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. The diaries of the writer Yu. M. Nagibin. But doublethink is also being reproduced in post-Soviet Russia, as can be clearly seen from the sociological discussion about the “Soviet Man” (Homo Soveticus). If the supporters of the scientific school of Yu. A. Levada and L. D. Gudkov believe that the implicit model of a person, constructed in Soviet everyday life, is quite stable and reproducible from Stalin’s time up to the present day, new studies of “millennials” conducted at the Higher School of Economics under V. V. Radaev reveal differences between the generational groups of Russians in a number of value characteristics related to both the way of life and the perception of the surrounding world. Competing interpretations of the problem of “Soviet Man” are combined, according to the author of the article, with the help of the psychological concept of cognitive polyphasia. Doublethink as a specific historical form of cognitive polyphasia has, first of all, a prognostic function: the spontaneous generation of vivid images in culture and art, which has an “unofficial” and even marginal status, as in the avantgarde of the 1920s and postmodernism of the 1990s, has a preadaptive potential to future social changes and crises.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114387274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology and experience in studying the psychosocial aspects of the surgical treatment of patients with musculoskeletal bone tumors","authors":"O. Shchelkova, E. Usmanova, G. Isurina, A. Valiev, E. Sushentsov","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.303","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the development of a methodology and research program of psychological and social aspects and efficiency factors of high-tech surgical treatment in patients with spine tumors and pelvic bone tumors. Analysis of modern psychological research in an oncoortopedic clinic showed the importance of psychological support during the treatment process and individualized psychological assistance to patients at all stages of treatment. The program of empirical research included dynamic assessment (before and after surgery) using clinical, instrumental, psychological and psychometric methods of objective indicators of the functional state and quality of life of patients with tumors of the pelvis (90 people) and spine (180 people) and their relationship with the individual and socio-psychological characteristics of patients. The program of five focus groups aimed at identifying the needs of patients in psychological support in the preoperative, early and late postoperative periods is presented. On the model of a pilot dynamic study of 28 patients with spine metastases, a significant improvement was revealed in both the general functional state of patients, general health satisfaction and parameters of quality of life (associated with emotional state and neurological symptoms) in the postoperative period compared with preoperative; this shows the importance of such studies to objectify the results of treatment and determine the main directions of psychologi gical treatment can serve as a basis for the development of similar comprehensive research programs in various fields of modern medicine.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115863257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of coping behavior in injured athletes","authors":"A. Yavorovskaya, S. Leonov, A. Yakushina, E. Rasskazova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.308","url":null,"abstract":"Coping behavior plays a significant role in the recovery of an injured athlete. Identifying the features of coping behavior can make an invaluable contribution to the development of such a problem as the psychological rehabilitation of an athlete. The objective of this study was to examine the features of coping behavior of injured athletes. The study sample consisted of 279 professional athletes of various sports, who, for the purposes of the study, filled out the following questionnaires: a balanced scale of life satisfaction (basic needs) and a scale of emotional state of E.Diener and a COPE questionnaire designed to measure situational coping strategies and dispositional styles. Depending on the gender, the classification of the sport, the number and severity of injuries, the athlete gravitates towards different coping strategies. We have found a link between the general well-being of the injured athlete and coping strategies such as positive reformulation, emotional focus, and humor. Based on the results of the one-way analysis of variance, we partially confirmed our hypothesis that there are differences in the coping strategies used by athletes representing different categories: gender, sport classification, number of injuries, and severity of injury. The performed correlation partly confirmed our assumption that there is a relationship between the general well-being of the injured athlete and the coping strategies used. Despite the fact that the correlation coefficients showed low values, we believe that this is due to the heterogeneity of our sample.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122627420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}