Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Personality traits and psychological self-regulation of students online and offline: To the question of “digital” aspect of socialization","authors":"Galina V. Soldatova, Elena Raskazova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.102","url":null,"abstract":"Internet activities, especially in adolescents and young people, are related to higher emotions and the wider social roles, comparing to offline. The aim of the study was to reveal manifestations of personality traits and psychological self-regulation online comparing to offline, as well as their relationship with user activity, relationship to Internet and subjective well-being. 260 students filled the Brief Personality Scale, the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, first with original instruction, and then with instruction to assess whether these features are more likely to manifest online or offline. Additional measures included scales of assessment of subjective well-being, user and combined activity, digital competence, attitude to technology, attitude to the digitalization of education. The suggested modifications of the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire had sufficient reliability-consistency, which allows use them in research aimed at comparing psychological manifestations online and offline. On the Internet, compared to offline, students were less satisfied with relatedness; they are less self-blaming, accepting, ruminating, focusing on planning, had lower scores on positive reappraisal, perspective taking, and catastrophizing. Higher levels of autonomy, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, and perspective taking were related to higher offline rather than online manifestations of these traits. User activity was associated with greater online autonomy, the combined (online and offline) activity — with online competence, and with greater excitability of the digitalization of education with online competence and positive reappraisal. Differences in the manifestations of psychological self-regulation online and offline were not related to subjective well-being. It can be assumed that students’ assessment of their possibilities of psychological self-regulation online, comparing to offline, describes their relationship to their Internet activities and self-image but not general relationship to technologies and digital competence.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117219797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human self-creation — a new stage in the development of the subject’s psychology","authors":"","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.201","url":null,"abstract":"Three interrelated directions of research of the psychology of the subject are analyzed, in which procedural, metapersonal and spiritual-practical bases of development of human subjectivity are presented. In the first direction it is emphasized that in recent studies of the subject and the individual there is a rethinking of the category of “procedural” by psychologists","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115719667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of deaf and hard-of-hearing people self-identification scale (DIDS)","authors":"N. Mikhailova, Anastasia Krasko, Margarita Fattakhova, Margarita Mironova, Ekaterina Vyacheslavova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.305","url":null,"abstract":"One obstacle in understanding deafness as a cultural difference is the absence of models and methods that could study the acculturation or identity of deaf people in modern Russia. Approbation and validation of deaf and hard-of-hearing people self-identification scale (DIDS), based on the Glickman model of the development of cultural identity, could contribute to the study of acculturation of deaf people in Russia, and create a reliable methodological tool for practical psychologists working in the system of special secondary and higher professional education. The purpose of this article is to present materials of the step-by-step psychometric verification of the DIDS questionnaire, obtained on a sample of deaf and hard of hearing students studying in different institutional settings, aged 17 to 41 (N = 420, M = 21.88; SD = 5.24). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that all scales are independent of each other. To check the consistency of the scales, the Cronbach coefficient was used. It demonstrated high consistency of each scale in the general sample (α-Cronbach from 0.704 to 0.767), as well as on subsamples of men and women (α-Cronbach from 0.629 to 0.801) and in different age groups (α-Cronbach from 0.687 to 0.862). To check the stability of the scales, an analysis was also carried out on subsamples of persons with varying degrees of hearing loss (α-Cronbach from 0.653 to 0.832) and without it (α-Cronbach from 0.688 to 0.801). To check the internal consistency of the questionnaire, a correlation analysis was carried out both within the scales and between them. The results obtained confirmed the conformity of the considered construct. As a result, the Russian adaptation of the American DIDS scale was reduced by 20 statements, which increased the internal consistency and reliability of the methodology. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the DIDS scale confirmed the possibility of its usage in deaf and hard of hearing Russians.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114449918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and efficacy control in sensorimotor activity with Delboeuf illusion","authors":"A. Kulieva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2020.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2020.206","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical ideas describing the dependence of task results on subjective ideas about one’s own capabilities are well known in psychology. In the context of sensorimotor activity, these ideas predict an increase in efficiency when working with subjectively simple goals and decrease when working with subjectively complex ones. The subjective perception of the complexity of the task is modeled by using the illusion of size. The article analyzes the contradictions in the research results on the material of the Ebbinghaus illusion and proposes modifications of pre-viously used experimental paradigms. An experimental study of sensorimotor activity in the format of a computer game was carried out. 65 participants of the study were offered the task of precisely obtaining the goals represented by the Delbeuf illusion, or reaching the control goals. Prediction and subjective performance evaluation were also measured using the ques-tions “Will you reach it now?” and “Did you reach it in the previous test?”. The results showed greater accuracy in obtaining an illusory larger target compared to an illusory smaller one. The data on forecasting and subjective assessment of efficacy did not significantly differ between illusory stimuli, however, the assessment of a substantionally smaller goal was different from the rest — study participants believed that they were less able to reach a substantionally smaller goal. The analysis of the preparation period for the beginning of the task also revealed differences between the perception of illusory and control stimuli. The results obtained serve as evidence in favor of the idea concerning the existence of a special psyche mechanism that makes predictions about possible efficacy of a particular task and then adjusts the real results to the proposed forecast.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114661185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work alienation as a subject and object of psychological research: phenomenological aspects of the problem","authors":"L. Vinokurov, Anastasiia A Kozhina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2019.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2019.403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123406705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother and adult daughter: The connection between their psychological well-being and the mother’s parental attitudes","authors":"E. Troshikhina, M. Danilova","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.205","url":null,"abstract":"In psychology, attention to the study of human well-being has increased. The question is how psychological well-being transmitted from mother to daughter, if it is. Aim: to study the relation between the psychological well-being and parental attitudes of mothers with the psychological well-being of adult daughters. Hypothesis: psychological well-being is transmitted from mother to daughter both directly and through the mother’s parental attitudes, with the specificity in periods of adulthood. The sample of 111 dyad mother — daughters from Russia included two groups. The first group consisted of daughters 20–25 years (M=22) and mothers 39–50 years (M=45), the second — daughters 26–40 years (M=33) and mothers 51– 65 years (M=56). Methods: Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener), Fordyce Emotions Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Parental Attitude Research Instrument (Schaefer, Bell). Correlation and factor analysis was conducted. Results: in general, the psychological well-being is transmitted from mother to adult daughter directly and through the mother’s parental attitudes towards equality, independence, and acceptance. However, the mother with high components of “life goal” and “positive relationships with others” has a more pronounced authoritarian control over the early-adult daughter. In daughters, this leads to a decrease of the psychological well-being, but to an increase in happiness. The psychological well-being of middle-adult daughter is correlated with that of the mother, both directly and through the mother’s attitudes towards acceptance and independence. The high psychological well-being of the late-adult mother serves as a buffer when faced with her daughter’s separation, allowing finding new aspirations.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"442 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123449654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the psychology of the possible: The anthropological, the deterministic, the axiological and the existential context","authors":"D. Leontiev","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.201","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the role of the category of the possible in four contexts. In the anthropological context the idea of the possible is viewed as a specific feature of human psychology, unlike the minds of other living species. The human being is conceived as a possible, rather than factual, being, as a possibility of oneself. In the context of the vol. of determinism one’s orientation toward the possible is treated as a mechanism of motivation and activity regulation, based on reflective awareness and goal setting. Our consciousness singles out those specific possibilities from the domain of the possible which possess a definite value, attractiveness or meaning for us, and due to this they are considered as potential options for action. Actually, only few are embodied in one’s activity after passing one more selection: they are accepted as the ought, the goals, for the implementation of which we accept responsibility. In the axiological aspect, possibilities appear as the good, or value, a component of quality of life and well-being. Empirical data are presented on the associations between the idea of the existing possibilities and numerous indicators of subjective and psychological well-being. Finally, in the existential context, possibilities appear as existential options, consciously chosen and implemented by the person. An action in the realm of the possible suggests the acceptance of responsibility, self-reflection and the conscious acceptance of the price. While switching on the reflective self-awareness, we become aware of the available possibilities, weight up and reflect on the consequences which the given actions may entail, and on the price we shall have to pay for these or those choices, accept the risk and the responsibility for the choice. Freedom appears in this context as conscious opportunity. The realm of the possible is thus the realm of our responsibility and our freedom.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123496571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Russian version of Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (the IDEA-R): Developmental features of university students","authors":"Marina Кlementyeva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.203","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging adulthood is a new liminal period ranging from 18 to 25 years, and is a trend in most of today’s industrialized societies. Its key psychological dimensions have been explored in many countries through the IDEA (Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood) instrument, but not in Russia. The goal of the present study was to measure the psychometric properties of the IDEA-R in Russia. This study applied an adaptation of the IDEA-R to 410 Russian students aged 18 to 25, whose educational level ranged from Bachelor’s to Master’s of higher school. An Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) additional measures were used. Exploratory factorial analysis pointed out that the IDEA-R adapted to the Russian context presented a six-factor structure. These factors are: identity exploration/self-focus, instability/negativity, personal freedom, experimentation/possibilities, feeling “in-between”, other-focused. The measure has the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.82) and stability in time (ρ=0.62). Age reduced the levels of the perception of experimentation/possibilities (p=0.001) and feeling “in-between” (p<0.001). We found that the participants who reported higher levels of SWLS and the ZTPI exhibited lower level instability/negativity (p ≤ 0.001), but higher levels identity exploration/self-focus, and experimentation/possibilities (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the IDEA-R is a valid and reliable instrument of investigation of the emerging adulthood phenomenon in Russia and to provide data for comparison of the measure in different countries.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130037891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-changes: Situational determinants","authors":"N. Grishina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.206","url":null,"abstract":"One of the trends in modern psychology is the study of self-processes as a result of recognizing the role of the individual in the process of development and creation of his own living space, including self-changes as a response to the challenges of a changing reality. According to the results of modern research, the readiness and ability of a person to change plays a crucial role in its effective functioning. Based on our research, a conceptual model of the process of self-change was proposed, the concept of the potential for self-change was developed, and a methodology for its diagnosis was proposed. The actualization of the potential for self-change is determined by the target and situational determinants, which require studying how the possibilities of the situation are assessed in terms of its correlation with the goals of a person. To identify a person’s desire for change, various methodological solutions are used that, however, are criticized for the decontextualized nature of the data obtained. Attempts to overcome this compel researchers to search for tools for describing situations and context. The article provides examples of studies conducted using the scale of situationism (lay situationism), which revealed two significant aspects — the susceptibility (sensitivity) of a person to environmental influences and attention to the situation; research focused on the study of personality changes, taking into account the context (WAC — Within and Across Context Variability); when describing a situation, it is proposed to be based on information about the structure of the situation, its psychological characteristics and the category (class) of the situation, the formulation of the principles for studying situations (processing, reality and circularity principles) is proposed. Studies of situations with a description/measurement of its individual parameters, however, can be effective in solving particular problems, but do not provide complete information about the situation as a regulator of human activity, since a person interacts with the whole situation, and not with its individual characteristics. The task is to search for concepts of an integral description of the situation as the basis for the target determination of behavior, one of which is Bernstein’s “model of the required future”.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114901756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond barriers — discovering oneself and/or search for freedom","authors":"T. Martsinkovskaya","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2022.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.204","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the individual boundaries of the “possibility” of everyday life. The individual, cultural, and social restrictions that have historically existed and exist to the present are shown. Variants of numerous changes in people’s daily lives, allied to the life beyond the barriers which is associated with their individual lifestyles, their ability to overcome themselves are analyzed. The connection between subculture and the construction of the individual lifestyle beyond the limits of the possibility is revealed. The need for life “above the barriers” can be determined by the search for oneself and the desire for self-realization. This may lead to the need to restructure one’s lifestyle, to go beyond the limits of possible everyday life, for example, in bohemian or transitive everyday life. The positive and negative consequences of such overcoming, motivational and social factors affecting the changes in behavior and communication style, changes associated with the necessity to create life on new bases that do not always correspond to the personal capabilities are revealed. But the desire for personal freedom of self-expression can come across social barriers and preventions, and in that case life beyond the limits of the possibility is determined by the degree of rigidity of external pressure. Variants of such a life “above the barriers” of artists, writers, musicians are analyzed. New options of the “space of the possibility” provided by the digital society are considered, first of all, the features of self-presentations and posts in social networks. It is shown that some properties of social networks, primarily transparency, have an ambivalent meaning for an individual lifestyle in the new digital everyday life. Attention is focused on new options of the possible lifestyle, outside the rigid framework, but not in conflict with the main social norms. The necessity of analyzing the everyday lifestyle over the barriers from the position of harmony between the integrity and variability of the personality is proved.","PeriodicalId":388528,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114711417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}