Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Conceptual Framework of Sustainable Economic Growth: A Theoretical Review","authors":"D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3641573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641573","url":null,"abstract":"The theories discussed here are Classical theory of growth, Structural-change theory, Neoclassical Growth Models, Endogenous growth theory, Schumpeterian theory of innovation, as well as some Alternative theoretical contributions. The discussion of these theories from the simple accelerator to neo-Keynesian gives a better insight into the evolutionary process of the growth literature and understanding of problems that have emerged from time to time than any single theory. For example, classical theory views the growth process as self-enforcing, enhanced through specialization and efficient markets.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"47 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116541835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Radon on the Built Environment–A Review","authors":"Anil Pawade, Dr.Shrikant Charhate, M. Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3697557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3697557","url":null,"abstract":"Radon gas is a harmful gas that occurs naturally in initiate in rock and soil. It leaks into households via footing, walls as well as construction joints cracks. In nation’s few parts, radon’s foremost source is groundwater. This gas is a natural formed radioactive gas changes that happened with occurring geographically that focuses on the building environment. The radon concentration within any residence varies considerably with time. There is usually both daytime and seasonal change, and also significant variation from year to year. Measured radon concentrations vary generally between houses, depending not only on time based variability, but also on the local geology, on the details of building construction, and on the habits of the residents. There must be a radon test for every home. Lung cancer is mainly caused due to radon in the non-smokers. In many cases prevention of lung cancer is possible specifically in the lung cancer that is caused due to radon. Thus, it is necessary for research purpose to solve the radon mitigation problem as well as anti-radon measures must be defined, that must be present in the domestic properties readily during the construction time. Therefore, it has been suggested that in Radon affected areas all new residences must have the necessary radon testing. Furthermore, among the various primary goals one is that more precise estimations must be accommodated in the indoor environment for protecting against long-term exposures risks of radon gas.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126371717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aportes a la apropiación social de TIC desde consejos comunitarios afrocolombianos de Corinto, Cauca (Contributions to Social Appropriation of ICT in Afrocolombian Community Councils From Corinto, Cauca)","authors":"Walter Julián Quinchoa-Cajas","doi":"10.18601/16578651.n27.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n27.03","url":null,"abstract":"La apropiación social de tic ha alcanzado mayor campo de análisis e investigación. Hace unos años, se concebía sin la complejidad que varios autores, organizaciones e instituciones le han venido reconociendo. Esto hace pensar que, a pesar de los múltiples esfuerzos realizados desde varios sectores, el uso y la apropiación aún siguen sin ser comprendidos profundamente en sus entornos locales. Se presenta una estrategia metodológica construida con organizaciones rurales para la apropiación social de las TIC a través de análisisetnográficos de los “entornos prácticos” en la interrelación sujetos-tecnologías, atendiendo sus dimensiones a partir de una investigación en Corinto, Cauca.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129336390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollution and Labor Market Search Externalities Over the Business Cycle","authors":"John Gibson, Garth Heutel","doi":"10.3386/w27445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w27445","url":null,"abstract":"We study the relationship between unemployment, environmental policy, and business cycles. We develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium real business cycle model that includes both a pollution externality and congestion externalities from labor market search frictions, which generate unemployment. We consider two policies to address the market failures: an emissions tax and a tax or subsidy on job creation. With both policies present, the efficient outcome can be achieved. When one policy is constrained or absent, we solve for the second best. The absence of a vacancy policy to address the congestion externalities substantially affects the value of the emissions tax, both in steady state and over the business cycle.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116492601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaggregate Consumption Feedback and Energy Conservation","authors":"Mark A. Andor, Andreas Gerster, L. Goette","doi":"10.1257/rct.7248-1.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.7248-1.0","url":null,"abstract":"Novel information technologies hold the promise to improve decision making. In the context of smart metering, we investigate the impact of providing households with appliance-level electricity feedback. In a randomized controlled trial, we find that the provision of appliance-level feedback creates a conservation effect of an additional 5% relative to a group receiving standard (aggregate) feedback. These conservation effects are largely driven by reductions in electricity use of 10% to 15% during peak hours. Consumers with appliance-level feedback hold more accurate beliefs about the energy consumption of different appliances, consistent with the mechanism in our accompanying model. Our result suggests that conservation effects from a smart-meter rollout will be much larger if appliance-level feedback can be provided. Based on a sufficient statistics approach, we estimate that appliance-level feedback could raise consumer surplus by about 570 to 600 million Euro per annum for German households.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clans and Calamity: How Social Organizations Saved Lives During China’s Great Famine","authors":"Jiarui Cao, Yiqing Xu, Chuanchuan Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3574993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3574993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of clans, one of the most important social organizations in China, in disaster relief during China’s Great Famine. Using a county-year panel and a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that the rise in the mortality rate during famine years is significantly less in counties with stronger clan strength. A nationally representative household survey corroborates this finding. Investigation of potential mechanisms suggests that the clan’s impact on famine may have operated through enabling collective action against excessive government procurement. These results indicate that societal forces can reduce the damage of faulty government policies in times of crisis.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114421053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weathering an Unexpected Financial Shock: The Role of Cash Grants on Household Finance and Business Survival","authors":"J. Gallagher, D. Hartley, Shawn M. Rohlin","doi":"10.21033/wp-2019-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21033/wp-2019-10","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the causal effect of cash grants on household finance and business survival following a natural disaster. Disaster-affected individuals in high damage blocks with access to cash grants have 17% less credit card debt following the disaster than those without access to cash grants. Grants do not reduce negative financial outcomes, but do decrease migration. The grants play a role in mitigating the effects of the shock to businesses; resulting in 18% more establishments and 29% more employees post-disaster in disaster-affected neighborhoods where residents receive grants, relative to disaster-affected neighborhoods where they do not receive grants. These effects are concentrated among small non-manufacturing establishments that rely on local demand.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114639498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Can We Learn from EU Ets?","authors":"H. Vollebergh, C. Brink","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3584087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3584087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses lessons that other regions could learn from European Union’s effort to implement carbon pricing through EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS). Our lessons are, first of all, that a cap-and-trade system like EU ETS is very helpful in guaranteeing a credible and binding reduction of emissions through its cap within the sectors subject to this regulation. Second, providing enough flexibility for trade, in particular intertemporal trade, is essential but should also be guided with care. The current quantity rules for the Market Stability Reserve to steer the abundancy of allowances seems a promising new feature for cap-and-trade policies, although price collars for newly designed systems create more transparency. Third, it is far from obvious why EU ETS should cover the entire carbon emissions base if other instruments, like (implicit) carbon taxes are already available. Finally, EU ETS seems at least partially responsible for the observed steady reduction of carbon emission within the EU ETS sectors. However, the gradual tendency to outsource emissions to other regions justifies carbon border adjustment mechanisms for selected sectors if other regions do not impose carbon pricing rules.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126086740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Finance Intermediation: Interest Spread Effects in a Climate Policy Model","authors":"K. Lessmann, M. Kalkuhl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3588014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3588014","url":null,"abstract":"Interest rates are central determinants of saving and investment decisions. Costly financial intermediation distort these price signals by creating a spread between the interest rates on deposits and loans with substantial effects on the supply of funds and the demand for credit. This study investigates how interest rate spreads affect climate policy in its ambition to shift capital from polluting to low-carbon sectors of the economy. To this end, we introduce financial intermediation costs in a dynamic general equilibrium climate policy model. We find that costly financial intermediation affects carbon emissions in various ways through a number of different channels. For low to moderate interest rate spreads, carbon emissions increase by up to 7 percent, in particular, because of lower investments into the capital intensive clean energy sector. For very high interest rate spreads, emissions fall because lower economic growth reduces carbon emissions. If a certain temperature target should be met, carbon prices have to be adjusted upwards by up to one third under the presence of capital market frictions.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121405571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conoscere il presente per un futuro sostenibile: l’SDGs Index per le Province e le Città Metropolitane d’Italia (Knowing the Present for a Sustainable Future: The SDGs Index for the Provinces and Metropolitan Cities of Italy)","authors":"L. Cavalli, Luca Farnia, S. Vergalli, Giulia Lizzi, Ilenia G. Romani, Mia Alibegovic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3733673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3733673","url":null,"abstract":"Italian Abstract: Nel settembre 2015, 193 Paesi hanno lanciato un appello per promuovere lo sviluppo sostenibile nella sua accezione ambientale, economica e sociale: a tale scopo, hanno approvato all’unanimita l’Agenda 2030 per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, contenente 17 Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals) e 169 target. Nonostante questo impegno dei leader internazionali, e noto che le realta in cui viviamo sono molteplici ed eterogenee: e per questo che la declinazione degli SDGs a livello nazionale e locale, attraverso la pianificazione di strategie e politiche ad hoc, e fondamentale per l’implementazione e il raggiungimento degli stessi. \u0000Compresa e considerata l’importanza che gli enti territoriali svolgono all’interno del processo di attuazione dell’Agenda 2030 per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e di implementazione dei suoi 17 Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile, la creazione di strumenti utili agli amministratori locali e alla cittadinanza risulta indispensabile per raggiungere un tale risultato e, con esso, un cambio totale del paradigma vigente. \u0000Per questo, la Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, dopo aver analizzato il grado di sostenibilita dei comuni-capoluogo di provincia italiani e aver proposto una comparazione interregionale rispetto ai Goal dell’Agenda, presenta ora uno strumento utile a Province e Citta Metropolitane del nostro Paese. Per rispondere alla necessita di tutti gli enti locali citati sono stati forniti loro strumenti teorici e quantitativi atti a trainare il percorso verso il raggiungimento di uno sviluppo sostenibile dal punto di vista economico, sociale e ambientale. L’elaborazione dei suddetti tools metodologici e pertanto utile a cogliere le sfaccettature e opportunita dell’Agenda 2030 e della Strategia Nazionale per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile (SNSvS). Si ricorda, infatti, che l’Agenda 2030, nella sua declinazione nazionale e locale, costituisce un’opportunita e un quadro di riferimento per allineare le politiche territoriali con le agende internazionali di sviluppo sostenibile, per raggiungere citta, province e regioni piu operose, sostenibili e inclusive. \u0000L’indice per le Province e le Citta Metropolitane del nostro Paese analizza la distanza di queste ultime dagli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile – il cui raggiungimento per 21 dei loro 169 target, doveroso sottolinearlo, e previsto al 2020 e non al 2030. Tale studio e stato reso possibile grazie a un set di 57 indicatori elementari scelti per fotografare lo stato dell’arte di province e citta metropolitane rispetto agli SDGs. Fine ultimo del Rapporto e quello di aiutare le diverse comunita ad affrontare le sfide ancora aperte che interessano i territori del nostro Paese, nonche ad elaborare un database consolidato di indicatori sullo sviluppo sostenibile provinciale in Italia da monitorare nel tempo. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: In September 2015, 193 countries launched an appeal to promote sustainable development in its environmental, economic and socia","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126389883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}