Otorhinolaryngology Clinics最新文献

{"title":"Tinnitus and organ preservation protocols in head and neck cancers treatment: a descriptive review of the literature","authors":"Andrea COLIZZA, Lucia LONGO, Francesca CAMBRIA","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02493-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02493-3","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer represents the sixth most common cancer group worldwide and significant progress has been made in the non-surgical management. However, the possibility of audiological side effects has increased. In this article we performed a review of the literature to analyze the principal ear side effects derived from non-surgical protocols.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a review of the international literature. For each eligible article, we collected the study design, the sample size and the demographical characteristics, the organ preservation protocols, and the findings about tinnitus or hearing loss. Due to the lack of homogeneity of the data extracted we performed a descriptive review of the literature.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Initial search found 350 studies and 332 were excluded; 18 were reviewed in full text; 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 3606 patients were included. The number of patients ranged between 43 and 880. The age ranged between 9 and 84 years. The males are 1878 and females are 931. In 796 case the sex was not specified. Seven studies are monocentric and retrospective; two studies are multicentric and retrospective and only one study is prospective, randomized and observational with the patients randomized in three groups. Data on tinnitus or hearing impairment are evaluated by questionaries that analyze the patient-reported outcomes or by auditory evaluation like the pure tone audiometry or the Auditory Brain Recordings.CONCLUSIONS: The management of audiological side effects is fundamental in order to guarantee a good quality of life. and rehabilitation should be started immediately after the therapies. All ENT specialist, head and neck surgeons, oncologists and radiotherapist oncologists must be vigilant about ototoxicity and implement the strategies to decrease additional morbidity due to ototoxicity.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tinnitus in the elderly: causes, diagnosis, and treatment","authors":"Federica ZOCCALI, Piero G. MELIANTE, Massimo RALLI","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02499-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02499-4","url":null,"abstract":"Tinnitus is a common condition in the elderly population with an average prevalence of 14.4%, and an increase of this symptom with age. Available English-language literature on tinnitus in the elderly was reviewed using the main international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). The review included articles until April 2023 and referenced by relevant literature. The eligible studies were summarized in this narrative review. Presbycusis is the main risk factor for tinnitus, that in the elderly population has epidemiological, etiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic peculiarities that need to be considered. Clinical management of tinnitus in the elderly population has no methodological differences compared to the management of young patients; however, some specific differences should be considered in the elderly to obtain better results in compliance and treatment. This review evaluates and discusses the prevalence, the causes, and the clinical approaches of tinnitus in the elderly, with a specific focus on the peculiarities of this population.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological treatments and rehabilitation by tinnitus retraining therapy","authors":"Giuseppe ATTANASIO, Luca CAVALCANTI, Alessandra B. FIORETTI","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02488-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02488-x","url":null,"abstract":"At present, no drug has been currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of tinnitus, both acute and chronic. Nonetheless, research activities have clearly increased in the last decade and have led to some promising new findings that warrant further research. The failure of many treatments and drugs for tinnitus, has led several teams to propose treatments based on different concepts. Among the therapeutic approaches to manage patients who suffer from tinnitus, sound therapy is the most used, with or without counselling and pharmacological therapy.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiopathogenesis of tinnitus","authors":"Francesca Yoshie RUSSO, Antonio GRECO","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02494-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02494-5","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus is a pathological condition that affects a large portion of the population, and in recent years great progresses have been made in understanding its physiopathology, however, identify a unique mechanism among the various etiopathogenetic hypotheses still remains a challenge.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A Review of literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines, in the following electronic data base: PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, without time limits, until December 31st 2022. An additional manual search was performed afterwards.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: It is probable that chronic tinnitus is the result of numerous peripheral and central dynamics, which contribute to stabilizing a phenomenon whose trigger can be transient.CONCLUSIONS: The identification of an etiology for tinnitus could allow a better therapeutic management, in many cases the onset of tinnitus can be associated with a specific circumstance or disease, such as hypoacusis, ageing, acoustic trauma, use of ototoxic drugs, otological or systemic diseases, but also depression or head trauma. However, the mechanisms by which tinnitus becomes chronic in some individuals are not fully understood. There is evidence that the role of the central nervous system is crucial for maintenance.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135661828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of tinnitus","authors":"Giancarlo ALTISSIMI, Grazia CARUSO, Antonio GRECO, Rosaria TURCHETTA, Patrizia MANCINI, Francesco LICCI, Angela MUSACCHIO","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02492-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02492-1","url":null,"abstract":"Tinnitus is certainly a socially relevant problem, but, despite everything, even today we are witnessing a slightly too superficial management of the patient by the doctor, often as the clinical case is underestimated. All of this cannot be justified especially when there is tinnitus with sudden onset or rapid decompensation: in these cases, in fact, we could find ourselves faced with a real urgency. There are no clinical standards and guidelines for the management of tinnitus. Over the years, various classifications of tinnitus have been proposed with relatives diagnostic/therapeutic algorithms: none, however, is convincing and, above all, few clinical practice. A comprehensive literature search was accomplished using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Included articles through 2023 year and referenced by relevant literature. The eligible studies and data results were summarized in this narrative review. Studies show that tinnitus is an underestimated and difficult to diagnose problem. Often patients have already turned to healthcare professionals resulting in what we call “negative counseling.” Tinnitus is a complex multifactorial problem that may require management of clinical, psychological and/or social issues. It is important to have a positive approach from the therapist for the sake of the patient’s reaction to tinnitus. Since there is still no specific and safe pharmacological therapy of the symptom, the diagnostic study of the patient becomes the fundamental moment in which several specialists can participate and collaborate, each according to their own skills, in order to arrive at the most targeted.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapy for the treatment of tinnitus","authors":"Massimo CAVACECE","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02502-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02502-1","url":null,"abstract":"The research proposes a therapeutic solution to the auditory disorder called tinnitus by generating noise associated with an electromedical device. Tinnitus is a common but poorly understood disorder that has a strong association with aging. Although tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss, in many cases the origin may be central. Multiple treatment options may help in the management of this chronic condition. The role of the cochlea in tinnitus is considered, and in particular the concept of discordant damage between inner and outer hair cells is described.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights on the peripheral mechanisms and neuroplasticity of tinnitus","authors":"Anna R. FETONI, Laura ASTOLFI, Valeria DEL VECCHIO, Anna PISANI, Gaetano PALUDETTI, Alessandro MARTINI","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02496-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02496-9","url":null,"abstract":"Tinnitus is a condition characterized by the perception of sound in the head or ears without any external source of sound. It affects over 10% of the global population, with higher prevalence in the elderly. Tinnitus is associated with various symptoms such as concentration difficulties, sleep problems, anxiety, and depression, affecting quality of life. It can be caused by otologic diseases, ototoxic drugs, age-related hearing loss, and neurological conditions like stroke or traumatic brain injury. Tinnitus is a complex and heterogeneous condition, making its classification challenging. Four dimensions of heterogeneity have been identified: clinical profiles (type and laterality of sound), causal risk factors (e.g., hearing loss, temporomandibular joint disorder), comorbidities (e.g., hyperacusis, mood disorders), and treatment responses. Identifying subtypes of tinnitus and its associated conditions can aid in optimizing clinical management and developing effective treatments. While hearing loss is commonly associated with tinnitus, it is not the sole cause. Central auditory and non-auditory pathways are also believed to play a key role. Animal models have contributed to understanding tinnitus, suggesting that cochlear damage and deafferentation of spiral ganglion neurons lead to alterations in the central auditory system. Changes in excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory networks along the central auditory pathway have been observed, indicating a failure of the central auditory pathway to adapt to peripheral damage. This review aimed to explore the convergence of factors related to peripheral damage and central changes in the brainstem and auditory cortex, leading to maladaptive plasticity and the persistence of tinnitus. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective interventions for tinnitus sufferers.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatosensory tinnitus","authors":"Diletta ANGELETTI, Chiara D’ELIA, Massimo RALLI","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02491-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02491-x","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus is a frequent disorder defined as the perception of sound in the absence of an external sound source. The prevalence of tinnitus reported by different epidemiological studies varies widely. It is frequently associated with hearing loss, but it can also be present in the absence of hearing loss. In some patients, it can be evoked by sensory or motor stimuli such as muscle contractions, mechanical pressure on myofascial trigger points, cutaneous stimulation, or temporo-mandibular joint movements. This kind of tinnitus is called “somatosensory o somatic tinnitus.” The aim of this review was to evaluate the prevalence and the pathophysiology of somatosensory tinnitus, the characteristics of somatic modulation, and to identify the most appropriate therapy.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Several studies have been conducted to better understand the somatosensory tinnitus pathophysiology. The existence of neural connections between the auditory system and the cervical region can be assumed based on few animal studies.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The fact that the disease can occur in people with a severed auditory nerve shows that tinnitus can be caused by abnormal neural activity that is generated in the brain without the involvement of the ear. Current evidence supports a link, mainly for TMJ disorders, between the presence of a somatic disorder and higher modulation of tinnitus, especially in patients with a normal hearing threshold.CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for the correct identification of the underlying somatic disorder and for the success of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tinnitus","authors":"Marco de VINCENTIIS","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02500-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02500-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent frontiers on cerebral functional neuro-connectivity in relation to tinnitus","authors":"Giancarlo CIANFRONE, Filippo MAZZEI, Francesca CIANFRONE","doi":"10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02501-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-6302.23.02501-x","url":null,"abstract":"We make preliminary remarks about concepts and data on CNS neuro-plasticity processes and on cross-modal and multisensory networks, both in general and in relation to tinnitus. We report on multiple and interesting studies on cerebral functional connectivity in general and within or between individual areas. We also report on the “connectome”, seen as a general and highly “dynamic” map of cerebral, especially functional, connection networks, which interactively operate and co-operate in order to adapt and change depending on different functions. In this dynamic environment, we dwell on early observations of changes in cerebral functional connectivity in tinnitus subjects. In the last 10-12 years, almost all connectome investigations were mainly, though not exclusively, carried out by means of fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) neuroimaging equipment and methods, in order to achieve volumes (voxels) of a few millimetres and the highest possible resolution in teslas. For general purposes, but even more in audiology and tinnitus studies, investigations reported in the literature tend to study changes in functional connectivity in one of the most widely known and vast networks, the default mode network (DMN). As for test conditions, the so-called resting state is generally, though not exclusively, adopted; in this rest condition, achieved by means of well-established strategies to reach the desired parameters, any quantitative and qualitative changes in DMN connectivity within it or to other networks in subjects with known diseases or symptoms, in our case tinnitus, can be observed and assessed. We briefly report on several studies by selecting, among the multiple connectivity changes, those concerning DMN connections to attention networks, especially the one relating to the DAN (dorsal attention network), as well as various types of functional disconnection-hyperconnection to complex limbic networks and especially to the neural network that is controlled by the amygdala. This result would, on the one hand, confirm the central role of this vast network in the processes of cerebral functional neuro-plasticity, and, on the other hand, partially explain why symptoms in tinnitus patients often include anxiety, depression, fear, distress and sleep disorders, which either follows the simple sound perception or are an integral part of the clinical picture from the beginning. Many changes in functional connectivity in tinnitus subjects typically involve the precuneus, a formation that is anatomically well identifiable and that is functionally part of the DMN, though its functional significance is still unclear. The results of the studies carried out so far, though fascinating, are still found lacking, both because identification and systematisation of the most widely involved and significant brain networks and areas are not homogeneous, and because the suggested correlation with clinical data on tinnitus is incomplete and fragmentary, but as a whol","PeriodicalId":38742,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135661523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}