Politica Criminal最新文献

{"title":"Lavado de activos y corrupción pública. Criterios de interpretación del art. 346.3 del Código penal cubano","authors":"Dayán Gabriel López Rojas, I. M. Montenegro, M. C. Yero","doi":"10.4067/s0718-33992019000200385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-33992019000200385","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo se analiza el alcance posible de la agravacion del delito de lavado de activos en el Codigo penal cubano, que opera cuando los actos de blanqueo se asocian a la corrupcion. Por una parte, se evalua la oportunidad politico-criminal de este subtipo; y, por otro lado, ante la inexistencia de pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales al respecto, se plantean propuestas interpretativas sobre de esta modalidad tipica en aras de armonizar el principio de vigencia con el respeto a los principios de ofensividad, legalidad y non bis in idem. EnglishThis paper analyzes the possible meaning and scope of the aggravation of the crime of money laundering in the Cuban Criminal Code, which operates when money laundering acts are associated with corruption. On the one hand, the political-criminal opportunity of this subtype is evaluated; and in the absence of jurisprudential pronouncements in this regard, proposals for interpretation on the legitimate scope of this typical modality are proposed, which attempt to harmonize the principle of validity with respect for the principles of offensiveness, legality, and non bis in idem.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45602695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(In)compatibilidad del financiamiento ilegal de la actividad parlamentaria con el delito de cohecho (art. 248 y ss. CP)","authors":"Gonzalo García Palominos","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100122","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo problematiza la tesis sostenida por organismos publicos de persecucion penal de solucionar los posibles vacios de punibilidad anteriores (y probablemente tambien, posteriores) a la entrada en vigencia de la Ley N° 20.900 sobre financiamiento irregular de la politica, utilizando los tipos penales de cohecho de los arts. 248 y ss. del Codigo Penal. El articulo ofrece una reconstruccion del injusto tipico del delito de cohecho (de lege lata), confirmando la opcion del legislador por el “modelo del acuerdo ilicito”. Se llega a la conclusion que dicho modelo regulatorio es, por regla general, incompatible con la comprension tipica de las constelaciones de financiamiento irregular o ilegal de la politica de parlamentarios o congresistas. La solucion a aquellos vacios exigiria una modificacion legal que hoy no esta contemplada en la legislacion chilena. EnglishThis article examines the thesis of by the Attorney General’s Office to solve possible punitive gaps, that have existed before (and probably after) the inforce of Law No. 20.900 on politics’ irregular financing, using the criminal offenses of bribery of arts. 248 et seq. of the Criminal Code. The article offers a reconstruction of the crime of bribery (de lege lata), confirming the option of the legislator toward the \" illicit agreement model\". It is concluded that said regulatory model is, as a general rule, incompatible with the common understanding of irregular or illegal financing constellations of parliamentarian’s policy. The solution to those gaps would require a legal modification that is not currently contemplated in Chilean legislation.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La prevención penal de riesgos laborales en Chile: la necesidad de un delito de peligro","authors":"P. Gallo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100277","url":null,"abstract":"espanolGran parte de las lesiones y muertes sufridas por los trabajadores en el desarrollo de su tarea laboral, son consecuencia de la infraccion de las normas de seguridad por parte del empresario/empleador. Este dato de la realidad, sumado al hecho del alto nivel de siniestralidad laboral registrado, fundamentan el adelanto de la intervencion del Derecho penal, mediante la creacion de un delito de peligro (de riesgos laborales) para sancionar al empresario que incumple la normativa de prevencion, poniendo en peligro grave la vida y salud de sus dependientes, sin necesidad de que se concreten los resultados lesivos imprudentes (lesiones y muertes). Si bien el Codigo Penal chileno no cuenta todavia con el delito de riesgos laborales, hubo varios intentos legislativos en ese sentido. EnglishA large proportion of the injuries and deaths suffered by workers during the course of their labor are a consequence of the infringement of safety regulations by the business owner/employer. This data, in addition to the high level of work-related accidents registered, is the basis for anticipating the intervention of the Criminal law trough the creation of an endangerment crime regarding work-related risks to punish the business owner who breaks prevention regulations, and thus puts in serious danger the life and health of his employees. This offense does not require the causation of negligent harmful results (i.e., an injury or de victim´s death). Although the Chilean Penal Code still does not include the crime of labor risks, there were several legislative attempts in that sense.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46624212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tentativa, error y dolo. Una reformulación normológica de la distinción entre tentativa y delito putativo","authors":"J. Mañalich R.","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100296","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl articulo explora algunas conexiones fundamentales que existen entre la dogmatica de la tentativa y la dogmatica del dolo. El punto de partida para ello se obtiene de la caracterizacion general de la tentativa de delito como una estructura de imputacion constituida sobre un error fundante-de-dolo. Ello exige clarificar la nocion misma de dolo, que resulta desacoplada de la nocion de conocimiento, asi como examinar el merito del asi llamado “argumento de la inversion”. El paso siguiente consiste en la impugnacion de la tradicional distincion entre las categorias de tentativa idonea y tentativa inidonea, para luego reconstruir detalladamente la distincion entre las categorias de tentativa y delito putativo, en referencia a los casos de causalidad putativa y los casos de error invertido acerca de un elemento normativo del tipo. El trabajo se cierra con un analisis del problema de la asi llamada “tentativa subjetivamente inidonea”, que lleva a su identificacion como una constelacion ulterior de delito putativo. EnglishThe paper explores some fundamental connections that exist between the doctrines of attempts and of means rea. The starting point is provided by the general characterization of the concept of attempt as an imputation structure built upon a dolus-grounding mistake. This imposes the need of both clarifying the very notion of dolus, which becomes disengaged from the notion of knowledge, and examining the merit of the so called “inversion argument”. The next step consists in a rejection of the traditional distinction between the categories of possible and impossible attempts, in order to carefully reconstruct the distinction between attempted and putative offenses, with reference to the cases of putative causation and of an inverted mistake concerning a normative element of the definition of an offense. The paper closes with an analysis of the problem of so called “subjectively impossible attempts”, that leads to their assessment as a constellation of putative offense.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adulto mayor y cárcel: ¿cuestión humanitaria o cuestión de derechos?*","authors":"Francisco Maldonado Fuentes","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100001","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl trabajo aborda los problemas que plantea el cumplimiento de condenas privativas de libertad por parte de adultos mayores. Se hace cargo del tratamiento que se ofrece fundamentalmente en el derecho comparado y de las problematicas que ofrece proponiendo una aproximacion basada en la necesidad de realizar una distincion fundamental, separando el analisis y resolucion de la situacion que enfrentan los condenados que padecen enfermedades cronicas o terminales; los que sufren los efectos de patologias que inciden de manera importante en su salud mental y la de quienes simplemente presentan las condiciones propias de un adulto mayor. Con ello se propone una caracterizacion especifica para cada supuesto que habilita a advertir problematicas y soluciones diversas, que se aleja del tradicional recurso a razones de caracter humanitario. Se aborda finalmente las particularidades que ofrece el escaso tratamiento que ha tenido la tematica en Chile (especialmente en el ambito legislativo) lo que lleva necesariamente a tratar las diferencias que supone el tratamiento de este tipo de temas en el contexto de crimenes de lesa humanidad. EnglishThe article addresses the problems observed in the process of serving custodial sentences by elder people, focusing mainly on the treatment offered in the comparative law, and the inconveniences it may cause to elderly. It proposes an approach based on the need of stating a fundamental difference by separating the analysis and resolution of the situation depending on the type of illness suffered by the convicted person. This division states three different categories; the ones diagnosed with chronic or terminal illnesses, the ones suffering the effects of a specific pathology which significantly impacts their mental health and the ones who simply endure the conditions of old age. The aim of this proposal is to specify the characteristics of each circumstance with the purpose of noticing possible problems and their effective solutions. Finally, the lack of discussion about the topic in Chile (specifically in the legislative field) is strongly criticized by this article with the objective of exposing the importance of addressing these differences to handle crimes against humanity.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42707543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El recurso excesivo al derecho penal en España. Realidad y alternativas","authors":"Deborah García Magna","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100098","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl sistema penal espanol esta fuertemente asentado en el principio de legalidad y viene de una tradicion de codificacion basada en el derecho penal clasico, que podria calificarse como derecho penal garantista. En los ultimos anos sin embargo hay una tendencia a llevar a cabo reformas penales a menudo y la mayoria de ellas han incrementado el rigor punitivo, ampliando los tipos delictivos, subiendo las penas y haciendo el sistema penitenciario menos flexible, especialmente para algunos delitos. Los resultados de una reciente investigacion sobre cada una de las fases del sistema penal espanol apuntan a que el modelo politico-criminal de la seguridad ciudadana estaria desplazando al modelo garantista. Sin embargo, hay ciertos ambitos que parecen resistir esta deriva punitiva y arrojan cierto optimismo frente a la tendencia al cambio de modelo. En este trabajo se describe la realidad del sistema penal espanol en cada una de sus fases y se presentan algunos ejemplos de propuestas y alternativas viables frente al recurso excesivo al Derecho penal. EnglishThe Spanish penal system is strongly established on the principle of legality and comes from a codification tradition, based on the classical liberal criminal law, which could be classified as a procedural justice system. In recent years there is a tendency to carry out penal reforms very often and most of them have increased punitiveness by widening the categories of crimes, raising the penalties, and making the penitentiary system less flexible, especially for some criminal offences. The results of a recent thorough study of each stage of the Spanish penal system show that the model of law and order is displacing the procedural justice system. However, there are certain areas that seem to resist this punitive drift and show some optimism on the tendency to change the criminal policy model. This paper describes the current situation of the Spanish penal system and presents some examples of viable alternatives to the overuse of criminal law.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¿Por qué no a la impunidad? Una mirada desde las teorías comunicativas al papel de la persecución penal en la justicia de transición","authors":"Daniela Accatino","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100047","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl trabajo explora el reforzado papel que, tanto en las practicas domesticas como en el derecho internacional, ha tendido a reconocerse a la respuesta penal en el abordaje de un pasado de violaciones graves y sistematicas de los derechos humanos. Su objetivo es reabrir la discusion sobre la justificacion etico-politica del recurso a la persecucion penal en contextos de transicion politica, considerando las perspectivas que puede aportar la teoria comunicativa de la pena, del derecho penal y del proceso penal desarrollada por Antony Duff. Se sostiene que la comprension, a partir de esos insumos teoricos, de los actos de terror estatal como agravios publicos, asi como la reparacion moral que ese reconocimiento significa para las victimas y la inclusion comunicativa de los perpetradores al ser llamados a responder, ofrecen claves importantes para justificar la contribucion de la respuesta penal en la reconstitucion de una comunidad politica quebrada por ese pasado de violencia. EnglishThe paper explores the ongoing process of entrenchment of prosecutions in transitional justice contexts. Its purpose is to discuss the ethical and political foundations of this kind of accountability, considering the insights that the communicative theory of criminal law, developed by Antony Duff, can offer. It will be argued that the understanding of bureaucratic atrocities as public wrongs, the moral repair that the sharing of that wrong by the other citizen means for the victims and the communicative inclusion of the perpetrators that are called to answer for their crimes, can justify the place of prosecution in the reconstitution of a political community broken by a past of massive violence.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42984698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La determinación de la pena en la práctica judicial Chilena","authors":"Javier Wilenmann, Francisco Medina, E. Olivares, Nicolás del Fierro","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100456","url":null,"abstract":"espanolHaciendo uso de evidencia disponible y de datos producidos para estos efectos, el articulo presenta una reconstruccion empirica del contenido de la practica de determinacion de la pena en Chile en lo referido a la individualizacion de su cuantia y de la naturaleza de la pena a ejecutar, asi como un analisis de las consecuencias y defectos de esa configuracion. ?Como individualizan los tribunales la pena en Chile? ?En que casos se sustituye la pena de presidio? ?Cuando se presentan desviaciones de ese modo de comportamiento? El articulo pretende, de este modo, dar cuenta de comportamientos judiciales altamente recurrentes en los tribunales con competencia penal en Chile, analizar el efecto que esa configuracion tiene tanto en el sistema de justicia penal como en el sistema carcelario, y estudiar los aciertos y defectos de esa configuracion. EnglishBy using available and complementary data produced for this study, the paper reconstructs recurring practices of sentencing in the Chilean criminal justice system. How are concrete sentences established by Chilean courts? Under which conditions is parole granted? When do Chilean courts deviate from the more general standards of judicial behavior? The paper attempts to establish recurring behavior in Chilean criminal courts, in order to assess its effects in the criminal justice and corrections system and to evaluate the merits and shortcomings of the local reality of sentencing.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42784376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El documento como objeto material de las falsedades documentales y del sabotaje informático en el Derecho penal chileno","authors":"Laura Mayer Lux, Jaime Vera Vega","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100419","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl presente trabajo analiza el concepto de documento como objeto material de los delitos de falsedades documentales y del sabotaje informatico en el Derecho penal chileno. Para ello, comienza examinando la nocion de documento, incluyendo al documento electronico. Luego, estudia el concepto de documento como objeto material de las falsedades documentales. A continuacion, aborda la nocion de documento como objeto material del sabotaje informatico. Finalmente, trata algunos problemas de delimitacion entre la falsedad que recae sobre documentos electronicos y el sabotaje informatico. EnglishThis paper analyzes the concept of document as a material object of the crime of forgery and computer sabotage in the Chilean Criminal Law. To do this, it begins by examining the notion of document, including the electronic document. Then, it studies the concept of document as a material object of forgery. Next, it addresses the notion of document as a material object of computer sabotage. Finally, it deals with some problems of delimitation between the forgery that affects electronic documents and the computer sabotage.","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46593765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¿Es científico el discurso elaborado por la dogmática jurídica? Una defensa de la pretensión de racionalidad del discurso dogmático elaborado por la ciencia del derecho penal","authors":"Miguel Schurmann Opazo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-33992019000100549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992019000100549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38693,"journal":{"name":"Politica Criminal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46118361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}