{"title":"Faults Marking - A Different Approach For Fault Injection","authors":"A. Mendelson","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127284355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Karlsson, P. Folkesson, J. Arlat, Y. Crouzet, G. Leber, J. Reisinger
{"title":"Evaluation Of The MARS Fault Tolerance Mechanisms Using Three Physical Fault Injection Techniques","authors":"J. Karlsson, P. Folkesson, J. Arlat, Y. Crouzet, G. Leber, J. Reisinger","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654397","url":null,"abstract":"By speeding up the occurrence of errors and failures, fault injection is an invaluable approach for testing fault tolerance. Fault injection can be used to test fault tolerance with respect to both hardware and software faults, but most studies have concerned the validation of fault-tolerant systems aimed at tolerating physical faults. Fault injection can be applied either on a simulation model of the target system fault-tolerant system (e.g., see [Goswami and Iyer 1992; Rimen et al. 19931 ) or on an actual hardware-and-software implementation (e.g., see [Arlat et al. 1990; Walter 19901 ).","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116631137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validatin Of An OSI Stack Implementation Using Fault-injection","authors":"K. Vijayananda, S. Chutani","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123280946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coverage Evaluation Through Fault Injection: Fault Sampling And Statistical Analysis","authors":"Wei Wang, Kishor S. Trivedi","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654401","url":null,"abstract":"Imperfect coverage is known to drastically reduce the effectiveness of redundancy and yet the determination of this parameter has been elusive. Fault injection simulation has been recognized as an effective technique to collect data for the statistical estimation of the coverage parameter. In a fault simulation experiment, faults are sampled from the fault population and then injected into, the system’s simulation model to determine the number of faults that are uncovered by the system’s fault detection mechanisms, i.e., the number of faults that cause unsafe outputs. When no unsafe failure occurs during a large number of simulation runs (i.e., when a large number of faults are injected), it is not possible to quantify the exact coverage since the only available information is that the system has not yet failed in the presence of the chosen faults. However, it is possible, with a high confidence level, to infer that the coverage value reach at least some target value, i.e., to quantify a lower bound on the safety measure. Both the confidence level and the lower bound depend on the test duration (i.e., sample size) and the way in which faults are selected from the fault population. For simple random sampling, where every fault has an equal chance of being selected, we present a formula that can be used to predict the minimum number of fault injections for a target lower bound on coverage. For ultra-reliable and safety-critical systems, the desired coverage is supposedly extremely close to 1. In this case, our result shows that the minimum","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134518085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison Of Error Detection Techniques Using Software-based Fault Injection","authors":"D. S. Wilson, G. Sullivan, G. Masson, J. Bright","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654400","url":null,"abstract":"Object code injection is based on a bit-flip model. A software fault injector, similar in concept to that employed by FIAT and Ferrari, is used to randomly flip bits in the process image during program execution. A variety of results are possible, including abnormal program termination, creation of an infinite loop, production of incorrect output, or no observable result. Results are classified by the return value of the program being tested. A watchdog timer is used to catch cases where the injected fault results in the program not terminating during the expected run time. Bit flipping may be performed on the entire process image or limited to particular segments. Since random modifications to code segments will usually produce abnormal program termination, in some experiments injection is limited to data and/or stack segments in order to test fault detection capabilities of the above techniques on more interesting errors.","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117121512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Method To Model And Inject Software Design Faults","authors":"J. Christmansson, Z. Kalbarczyk, J. Torin","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133058507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Software Fault Injection Tool","authors":"P. Tapadiya, D. R. Avresky","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654406","url":null,"abstract":"Fault injection has long been recognized to be a valuable approach for validating fault tolerance. Fault tolerance can be implemented either in hardware or in software. An example of fault-injection mechanism for evaluating hardware-based fault-tolerant scheme is given in [Ar193]. Examples of evaluating software-based fault-tolerant schemes are given in [Avr92, Gos93, Tap93, Avr94, Kan921. This paper presents the behavior model of a software under hardware faults using a Software Fault Injection Tool (SFIT) [Tap93, Avr941. The model is based on software based fault injection process that establishes a link between the behavior of the program and the fault occurrence process in the hardware.","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134177719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uniting And Differentiating Fault Models For Testing And Fault Injection","authors":"E.W. Czeck","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654390","url":null,"abstract":"Testing and fault injection share many common attributes, such as low-level fault models and requirements for high fault coverage. However, when extrapolating fault models to higher abstraction levels, their differences in objectives cause divergence from their common underlying fault models. In this regard, the objective in testing for high-level fault models is for the generation of test sets which uncover a large percent of low-level faults. For highlevel fault injection models, the objective is to produce error behaviors which represent those produced by low-level faults. That is, fault models for testing are concerned with discovering faults, while models for fault injection must represent behaviors caused by underlying faults.","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131504787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault-injection In The Advanced Automation System","authors":"R. Dancey, M.C. Chasson","doi":"10.1109/WIEM.1994.654402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIEM.1994.654402","url":null,"abstract":"The Advanced Automation System is a system being developed to replace and advance the Federal Aviation Administration’s existing Air Traffic Control automated systems. The combining of a large complex design (several million lines of code) with a very high availability requirement has led to significant investments in the ways and means for software based fault injection. We propose to share our experience as summarized below.","PeriodicalId":386840,"journal":{"name":"Third Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116790993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}