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A Fate and Transport Model for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Fly Ash on Soil and Urban Surfaces 粉煤灰中2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对二恶英在土壤和城市表面的宿命和迁移模型
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1985.2.225
L. Thibodeaux, D. Lipsky
{"title":"A Fate and Transport Model for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Fly Ash on Soil and Urban Surfaces","authors":"L. Thibodeaux, D. Lipsky","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1985.2.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1985.2.225","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Quantities of particle-bound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) that are emitted from elevated stacks during the burning of municipal solid waste settle onto nearby soil and urban surfaces. The quantity and concentration emitted is small, however due to the potential hazard of this very toxic substance means are needed to estimate steady-state concentrations on surfaces. A fate and transport model was developed to quantify the mechanisms known to dissipate TCDD from surfaces. These mechanisms include resuspension by wind, run-off by water, evaporation into air, photochemical reaction and bioturbation. A transient model was formulated, but the use of constant rates (yearly average) yields a simple algorithm for the TCDD concentration in the growing dust layer. The analytical solution reveals that the TCDD concentration in the dust layer is independent of time and that neither the wind driven particle resuspension rate nor the water run-off rate is needed to yield numerical results. Publish...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Long-Term Effect of an Aqueous Landfill Leachate on the Permeability of a Compacted Clay Liner 垃圾渗滤液对压实粘土衬垫渗透性能的长期影响
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1991.8.303
J. Sai, David C. Anderson
{"title":"Long-Term Effect of an Aqueous Landfill Leachate on the Permeability of a Compacted Clay Liner","authors":"J. Sai, David C. Anderson","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1991.8.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1991.8.303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent regulations have banned the disposal of solvents and organic liquids in hazardous waste landfills. Studies conducted over the last decade have shown that the permeability of compacted clay liners is increased by short-term exposure to concentrated organic liquids but not to dilute aqueous leachates. However, the long-term effect of dilute aqueous leachates have not been evaluated. A study of long-term exposure to aqueous leachate from a hazardous waste landfill was conducted to investigate whether the permeability of a compacted clay liner would be increased. Relatively undisturbed samples of compacted clay liners were tested in double-ring permeameters to determine their permeability to both water (0.005N CaSO4) and leachate. One sample was treated with more than four pore volumes of aqueous leachate. No substantial increase in permeability was found to have occurred after two years of leachate application.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121406029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The extinction of methane/methyl chloride nonpremixed flames 甲烷/氯甲烷非预混火焰的熄灭
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1993.10.71
C. A. Philbrick, S. Aggarwal, I. Puri
{"title":"The extinction of methane/methyl chloride nonpremixed flames","authors":"C. A. Philbrick, S. Aggarwal, I. Puri","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1993.10.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1993.10.71","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extinction of nonpremixed flames burning mixtures of methane and methyl chloride, air, and nitrogen is studied in a counterflowing flame. The flowrates entering the counterflow are varied so as to measure the critical strain rate at extinction. Increasing amounts of methyl chloride, as expected, are determined to lower the value of the critical strain rate at extinction. The experiments are conducted at conditions corresponding to several fixed values of the stoichiometric mixture fractions and compared with a previously developed analysis in order to determine forced global kinetic parameters characterizing these cases. The kinetic parameters are found to be useful engineering quantities that enumerate an incinerability ranking. It is determined from the experimental results that small amounts of added methyl chloride have a significant inhibitory effect on methane-air flames, but that larger addition of methyl chloride does not yield a proportional inhibitory effect.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114684999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Role of Fe in Extractive Decontamination of Pb-Polluted Soils 铁在铅污染土壤萃取净化中的作用
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1989.6.223
H. Elliott, J. H. Linn, G. Shields
{"title":"Role of Fe in Extractive Decontamination of Pb-Polluted Soils","authors":"H. Elliott, J. H. Linn, G. Shields","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1989.6.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1989.6.223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of Fe in Pb solubilization by ethylenediamirtetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) from a highly contaminated (21% Pb by weight) battery reclamation site soil was investigated using batch extraction and sequential fractionation experiments. Based on relative complexing ability, soluble Fe(III) should inhibit Pb recovery using chelating agents, particularly under acidic conditions. Despite a large pool of available Fe (6.7% of soil by weight) and a marked increase in soluble Fe(III) with decreasing pH, Pb solubilization was nearly pH invariant. Since only 12% of FeT compared to 86% of PbT was solubilized by 4 × 10−2 M EDTA at pH 6, Pb and Fe apparently exist in differentially reactive forms within the soil. A nine-step chemical fractionation procedure confirmed that 80% of the soil Pb was present in non-detrital (soluble, weakly sorbed) forms in contrast to 94% of Fe existing in detrital (oxide occluded, residual) fractions. The kinetically slow dissolution of indigenou...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126403978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Assessment of marshland soil attenuation capacity : experimental study 湿地土壤衰减能力评价的实验研究
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1993.10.441
M. Warith
{"title":"Assessment of marshland soil attenuation capacity : experimental study","authors":"M. Warith","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1993.10.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1993.10.441","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The adsorption characteristics of a marshland soil were studied to evaluate its potential attenuation for various chemical constituents typically present in municipal landfill leachate solution. This study is part of an overall investigation to estimate the long-term attenuation capacity of a marshland system which is located in the vicinity of a landfill located near Pembroke, Ontario. The results of this investigation suggest that significant retardation of two heavy metals (lead and zinc) as well as synthetic organic such as pentachlorophenol (PCP) should be foreseen. It has also been demonstrated that heavy metals can be attenuated by the soil matrix. The findings from this study suggest that the low level of heavy metals and organic contaminants as measured in the subject landfill leachate solution are not expected to pose a threat to the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126537691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comparison of human exposures to PCB emissions from oceanic and terrestrial incineration 人类接触海洋和陆地焚化产生的多氯联苯排放物的比较
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1985.2.453
G. Holton, C. Travis, E. Etnier
{"title":"A comparison of human exposures to PCB emissions from oceanic and terrestrial incineration","authors":"G. Holton, C. Travis, E. Etnier","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1985.2.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1985.2.453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Incineration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at sea is a hazardous waste disposal option that has received increasing attention. Because bioconcentration factors for PCBs in fish and shellfish are extremely high (4 × 104 and 3 × 104, respectively), concern is that human exposures to PCBs incinerated at sea could be significantly higher than exposures to PCBs incinerated on land. This paper reports the results of a comparative assessment that focused on the potential differences in human exposure from routine on-land versus at-sea incineration. Identical 135 × 106 BTU/h liquid injection incinerators (M/T Vulcanus design) were assumed for this evaluation. A PCB waste stream consisting of 18.5% Aroclor 1242 was assumed. Minimum, expected, and maximum individual exposures for on-land incineration and the maximum individual exposures for at-sea incineration were estimated. Results show that the incineration of PCBs on land leads to higher human exposures to PCBs than the incineration of PCBs at se...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128030785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Polychlorinated dioxin/furan formation in incinerators 焚化炉中多氯二恶英/呋喃的形成
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1990.7.73
E. Altwicker, J. Schonberg, Ravi K. Konduri, M. Milligan
{"title":"Polychlorinated dioxin/furan formation in incinerators","authors":"E. Altwicker, J. Schonberg, Ravi K. Konduri, M. Milligan","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1990.7.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1990.7.73","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Almost any combination of C, H, O, and Cl can yield some polychlorinated dioxins/furans under suitable conditions of time and temperature. The quantities formed in incinerators, ng m−3 or ng g−1, need to be explained in terms of time/temperature regimes relevant to those units. Current evidence suggests that surface catalyzed reactions at relatively low temperatures (250-400°C) may play an important role. This paper reviews relevant evidence from incinerators, laboratory combustors, and surface-catalyzed experiments using single precursors. A global kinetic model is proposed and assumptions and parameters are discussed.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125715830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
Industrial waste databases : a simple roadmap 工业废物数据库:简单的路线图
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1992.9.1
J. Eisenhauer, R. Cordes
{"title":"Industrial waste databases : a simple roadmap","authors":"J. Eisenhauer, R. Cordes","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1992.9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1992.9.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The scope, measurement basis and limitations of 22 primary industrial waste data sources are described. Data access information is also provided while most of the data have serious limitat...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115779766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Terrestrial Bioaccumulation Potential of Phenolic Compounds 酚类化合物的陆地生物蓄积潜力
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1988.5.109
R. Loehr, R. Krishnamoorthy
{"title":"Terrestrial Bioaccumulation Potential of Phenolic Compounds","authors":"R. Loehr, R. Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1988.5.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1988.5.109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An assessment of terrestrial bioaccumulation was made for phenol and chlorophenols using literature information. Most of the available data for the chemicals related to their aquatic bioac...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130210893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
A Comparison of Three Risk Assessment Techniques for Evaluating a Hazardous Waste Landfill 三种危险垃圾填埋场风险评价技术的比较
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1986.3.309
W. Budd
{"title":"A Comparison of Three Risk Assessment Techniques for Evaluating a Hazardous Waste Landfill","authors":"W. Budd","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1986.3.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1986.3.309","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three risk assessment procedures were used to evaluate an inactive waste facility in eastern Washington: benchmark comparison, formal subjective analysis, and the Hazard Ranking System (HRS). Using benchmark comparison and formal subjective evaluation the site was found to pose limited hazard to humans and the environment. The HRS approach was shown to produce a wide range of values. In all but 10% of the cases, the HRS technique produced scores which would not place the site on the National Priorities List (NPL). The effectiveness of the formal subjective approach is seen as significant, and could be potentially useful given projected demands for future waste sight evaluations.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130843051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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