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Applying Membrane Technology to Air Stripping Effluent for Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with Volatile Organic Compounds 膜技术在气提出水修复地下水挥发性有机物污染中的应用
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1993-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1993.10.335
Jeffrey J. Brown, M. Erickson, N. Beskid
{"title":"Applying Membrane Technology to Air Stripping Effluent for Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with Volatile Organic Compounds","authors":"Jeffrey J. Brown, M. Erickson, N. Beskid","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1993.10.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1993.10.335","url":null,"abstract":"Remediation groundwater contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) requires cost- and technically-effective solutions. This paper reviews the options for VOC removal from remediation air streams, focusing on membrane separation. The basic separation science and technology, results of performance tests, and results of cost studies for membrane separation are presented. Competing technologies are discussed and compared with membrane separation. Membrane separation combined with air stripping will provide an economically and environmentally safe technology for remediation of VOC-contaminated groundwater and, as it matures, may become the preferred method. 9 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114140195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Behavior and Control of Metals in a Hazardous Waste Incinerator 危险废物焚化炉中金属的行为与控制
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1994.11.93
G. Hinshaw
{"title":"Behavior and Control of Metals in a Hazardous Waste Incinerator","authors":"G. Hinshaw","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1994.11.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1994.11.93","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In conjunction with a performance test series used to develop trial burn test conditions, supplementary sampling and analysis were performed to study the behavior of metals in an incinerator's combustion system and the control of metals in the incinerator's air pollution control equipment (APCE) train. The test incinerator was a Nichols Monohearth primary chamber with an afterburner; APCE consisted of a spray dryer, a cooler/condenser, a venturi scrubber, a baffle-absorber, and a mist eliminator. Multiple metals stack sampling was performed at the inlet to the APCE system, concurrent with incinerator feed and stack sampling. Analysis of these additional samples allowed evaluation of metals partitioning in the combustion system as well as APCE removal efficiencies as a function of chlorine feed concentration and venturi differential pressure. X-Ray diffractometry was applied to selected samples to speciate any crystalline phases present, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ra...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114974247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Incinerability of Hazardous Wastes 危险废物的焚烧能力
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1986.3.139
B. Dellinger, W. A. Rubey, D. L. Hall, J. Graham
{"title":"Incinerability of Hazardous Wastes","authors":"B. Dellinger, W. A. Rubey, D. L. Hall, J. Graham","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1986.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1986.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A method for ranking the \"incinerability\" of principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) of a waste stream is of considerable practical use to those concerned with thermal disposal of hazardous materials. In this article, the technical aspects behind six previously proposed methods are examined and related to combustion processes occurring during full-scale thermal disposal. A simple two-zone incineration model has been developed that appears to demonstrate correctly the relevance of various parameters to incinerability. Thermal or post-flame decomposition of POHCs is shown to determine the relative incinerability (ranking) of listed, hazardous organic compounds. Furthermore, oxygen-starved portions of the post-flame region may be responsible for the majority of emissions of both POHCs and potentially toxic reaction products.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117126126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
The Effects of Three Organics on Selected Physical Properties of Type I Portland Cement 三种有机物对I型硅酸盐水泥物理性能的影响
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1987.4.273
A. Sheffield, S. Makena, M. Tittlebaum, H. Eaton, F. Cartledge
{"title":"The Effects of Three Organics on Selected Physical Properties of Type I Portland Cement","authors":"A. Sheffield, S. Makena, M. Tittlebaum, H. Eaton, F. Cartledge","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1987.4.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1987.4.273","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of three organic compounds, ethylene glycol (EG), p-chlorophenol (PCP), and p-bromophenol (PBP), on selected physical properties of Type I Portland cement at a 0.4 water/cement ratio were studied. Also, possible effects on the cement chemistry were suggested. Curing times of 12 hours, 1 day, 7 days and 28 days were used. Tests for the compressive strength and setting times (initial and final) were performed. Leachability was determined by the USEPA extraction procedure. Organic compounds were added in organic to cement weight ratios of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:25. A control group containing no organics was also prepared. In moderate (1:10) and high (1:5) concentrations, EG was found to inhibit the setting of Portland cement, and significantly decrease the compressive strength. EG samples were found to be easily leachable, with > 80% recovery after 28 days by extraction with water. PCP was found to retard the setting times and decrease the compressive strength (though not as much as EG). Percent recovery...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127081611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Evaluation of Biofilm Development on Various Natural and Synthetic Media 生物膜在各种天然和合成介质上发育的评价
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1990.7.239
M. Pirbazari, T. Voice, W. Weber
{"title":"Evaluation of Biofilm Development on Various Natural and Synthetic Media","authors":"M. Pirbazari, T. Voice, W. Weber","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1990.7.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1990.7.239","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thin film biological treatment systems are attracting increased interest as the need for more cost-effective methods for destruction or detoxification of hazardous organic wastes becomes more evident. The nature and extent of microbial coverage on the solid supports involved in such systems have thus far been matters of speculation. This study discusses an evaluation of the relative tendencies of microorganisms to colonize the surfaces of different types of natural and synthetic media under a variety of conditions. The media investigated were exposed to organic wastes in controlled laboratory experiments and examined using scanning electron microscopy for extent of biogrowth. The observations suggest that both the adsorption properties and surface texture of a solid affect biofilm development. Activated carbon, which is highly adsorbent and offers a relatively rough surface, supported significantly more biomass than did a synthetic carbonaceous adsorbent, an anion-exchange resin, a natural sand, ...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127227650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 44
AEROBIC SOIL MICROCOSMS FOR LONG-TERM BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBON VAPORS 烃类蒸气长期生物降解的好氧土壤微生物
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1992.9.397
R. J. Richards, D. W. Ostendorf, M. Switzenbaum
{"title":"AEROBIC SOIL MICROCOSMS FOR LONG-TERM BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBON VAPORS","authors":"R. J. Richards, D. W. Ostendorf, M. Switzenbaum","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1992.9.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1992.9.397","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization and understanding of hydrocarbon vapor behavior and persistence in the subsurface is essential for the complete evaluation of a petroleum hydrocarbon spill site. The aims of the research project included the development of laboratory protocols for the preparation of aerobic soil microcosms using aseptic field soil samples, and for the gas chromatographic analysis of hydrocarbon vapor biodegradation based on vapor samples obtained from these microcosms. The results were applied to a mathematical model from which rigorously controlled estimates of Michaelis-Menten type maximum rate parameters were produced. The latter were compared to independently derived estimates of the same kinetics parameter, and were used to establish whether any depth-dependence on this parameter exists. The maximum rate parameter value for the mid-depth soil range was found to be a successful test of previously acquired field data.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124936612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Approach to bioremediation of contaminated soil. 污染土壤的生物修复方法研究。
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1990.7.117
J. Sims, R. Sims, J. Matthews
{"title":"Approach to bioremediation of contaminated soil.","authors":"J. Sims, R. Sims, J. Matthews","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1990.7.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1990.7.117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biological processes, including microbial degradation, have been identified as critical mechanisms for attenuating organic contaminants during transit through the vadose zone to the groundwater. On-site soil remedial measures using biological processes can reduce or eliminate groundwater contamination, thus reducing the need for extensive groundwater monitoring and treatment requirements. On-site remedial systems that utilize the soil as the treatment system accomplish treatment by using naturally occurring microorganisms to treat the contaminants. Treatment often may be enhanced by a variety of physical/chemical methods, such as fertilization, tilling, soil Ph adjustment, moisture control, etc. The development of a bioremediation program for a specific contaminated soil system includes: (1) a thorough site/soil/waste characterization; (2) treatability studies; and (3) design and implementation of the bioremediation plan. Biological remediation of soils contaminated with organic chemicals has bee...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125119124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 106
Representing soil moisture in experimental trench cover designs for waste burial with the CREAMS model 用CREAMS模型表示垃圾掩埋试验壕盖设计中的土壤湿度
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1988.5.295
M. Devaurs, E. Springer
{"title":"Representing soil moisture in experimental trench cover designs for waste burial with the CREAMS model","authors":"M. Devaurs, E. Springer","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1988.5.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1988.5.295","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An agriculturally based soil water balance model called CREAMS, using recommended parameter values for application to shallow land burial in semiarid areas, was used to estimate soil water...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115330657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
d-SSYS, a Computer Model for the Evaluation of Competing Alternatives 竞争方案评估的计算机模型d-SSYS
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1989.6.297
A. Klee
{"title":"d-SSYS, a Computer Model for the Evaluation of Competing Alternatives","authors":"A. Klee","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1989.6.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1989.6.297","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was instigated to develop a computer model that (a) quantitatively evaluates competing research and development projects, and (b) assists in prioritizing such projects when resources are not sufficient to conduct all of them. An evaluation model was developed, based upon existing multiattribute utility theory but with some modification and innovation. The model, with user input, helps determine the relative weights of the factors or criteria used to evaluate the projects under consideration, and, again with user input, determines the utility function for each of the attributes. A computer program (which runs on any IBM-compatible personal computer under IBM- or MS-DOS Version 2.0 or later) was written to implement the model. A unique feature of this model is that it incorporates uncertainties of three types: (1) those dealing with the factor weights, (2) those dealing with the worth of each project with respect to each factor, and (3) those dealing with the utilities of the attributes....","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122747675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hazardous Wastes and Their Management 危险废物及其管理
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1985.2.251
B. Krag
{"title":"Hazardous Wastes and Their Management","authors":"B. Krag","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1985.2.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1985.2.251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The commercial hazardous waste management industry is not limited to those firms \"commonly assumed\" to be the industry. It is potentially as large and varied as the hazardous waste universe. Past assumptions about the boundaries of the industry have led to a failure to see new entrants in the business. As a consequence some studies of the industry have failed to see the new technology that is being introduced; indeed these have frequently been very pessimistic in that regard. Much of the difficulty has been introduced by government sponsored studies of hazardous waste data which have been internally inconsistent and contradictory. Currently the industry is in a state of flux, with numerous new entrants and frequent mergers of pre-existent firms. Though there are several motivations for good hazardous waste management, effective regulation is key to continual implementation of improved hazardous waste management methods. For, by raising the cost of poor methods, it creates the market for better on...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114367529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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