Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Is it Time to Reconsider and Re-Stratergise B Lymphocyte Based Immunotherapy?","authors":"T. Smitha, Anela Thomas","doi":"10.29011/2575-789x.000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789x.000166","url":null,"abstract":"The present scenario of pandemic era has witnessed milestone development in the field of immunotherapeutic and vaccine engineering. It has evoked a breech in the routine therapeutic strategies that was conventionally followed. The new outlook in the immunological aspect of major diseases as helped to refocus back on to the basic immune responses associated with innate response against disease prevention and progression. The current trend to re-strategize the treatment options for patients suffering from cancer in the light of immunotherapy has gained its importance. Recently, immune-therapeutic has gained a great interest in treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The Tcell based immune targeted approach of T-cell based therapy, CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor) and its success has nailed its best attempt in immunotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer (HNSCC) [1,2]. However, the role of humoral response against the tumor especially of B lymphocytes has not gained its due importance for many reasons. The present situation on the other hand is more encouraging to attempt and utilize the vast potentiality of the B lymphocyte especially the antigen and antibody associated immune response.","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133317149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seven Deadly Sins of the Immune System","authors":"G. Rijkers, F. J. Overveld","doi":"10.29011/2575-789x.000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789x.000165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125073321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rv3615c-Specific CD4+ T Cells Express IL-21 To Help B Cells Produce Immunoglobulins in Tuberculosis Pleurisy","authors":"Jiangping Li, Changyou Wu","doi":"10.29011/2575-789X.000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789X.000144","url":null,"abstract":"Rv3615c is a new vaccine candidate in fighting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in active Tuberculosis (TB). However, the humoral immune response mediated by Rv3615c remains unclear. In the present study, we found that Rv3615cspecific CD4+ T cells produced IL-21, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17A. IL-21-producing CD4+ T cells were predominantly CD69+ T cells, and displayed effector memory phenotype. The majority of Rv3615c-specific IL-21-expresing CD4+ T cells co-expressed IFN-γ and IL-21+IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells exhibited obviously poly functionality, and correlation of IL-21 expression with Th1 but not Th17. Moreover, Rv3615c-specific CD4+ T cells expressed high levels of Tfh markers CD40L, CXCR5 and BCL-6. The frequency of Bcl-6-expression was higher in IL-21-expressing but not in non-IL-21-expressing CD4+ T cells. Purified CD4+ T cells produced IL-21 after Rv3615c stimulation, which expressed high levels of CD40L. On the other hand, B cells from PFMCs expressed high levels of CD40 and IL-21R. Importantly, Rv3615c-specific CD4+ T cells provided help to B cells for the production of IgG, IgM and IgA. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Rv3615c-specific CD4+ T cells from a local site of M.tb infection produced IL-21 and expressed CD40L, help B cells to secrete immunoglobulins, and may participate in local immune responses against M.tb infection.","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"30 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131604016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The High Refined Carbohydrate Diet Promotes Renal Injury in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke","authors":"L. Fernandes, Júlia Pereira Agulhari, A. B. Souza, F. Bezerra, S. D. Cangussú","doi":"10.29011/2575-789X.000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789X.000143","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high refined carbohydrate diet (HRC diet) and renal response in C57BL/6 mice exposed to Cigarette Smoke (CS). Twenty-four male mice were divided: Control Group (CG), Cigarette Smoke Group (CSG) which received standard diet; HRC diet group (RG) and HRC diet and cigarette smoke group (RCSG) which received the HRC diet. After twelve weeks, CSG and RCSG were exposed to CS for five days. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure all animals were euthanized. There was an increase of inflammatory cells in the RCSG and of interstitial edema and hyaline glomeruli in the RG and RCSG. Hyperemia, membranous glomerulopathy and glomerulosclerosis were frequent lesions in the CS, RG, and RCSG. There was a decrease in the glomerular area of the RG and increase in Bowman’s space of the CSG, RG, and RCSG. The glomerular densities in CSG, RG, and RCSG were lower than of the CG. There was lower plasma urea concentration in CSG, RG, RCSG and higher plasma alkaline phosphatase in RG. Our data demonstrate that the HRC diet, cigarette smoke and the association of both factors promote renal damage and are risk factors for the functioning of the renal system.","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130331607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Path of Life: On the Role of Microbiota in Mucosal Immunity","authors":"G. Rijkers, Ciska Lindelauf, A. Gigov","doi":"10.29011/2575-789X.000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789X.000142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125057703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Christ Child with a Walking Frame: Support of the Immune System by Vaccination","authors":"Ger T. Rijker","doi":"10.29011/2575-789x.000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789x.000140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122609435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Tuberculosis Pleurisy","authors":"Jiangping Li, Changyou Wu","doi":"10.29011/2575-789x.000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789x.000141","url":null,"abstract":"Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which is a prevalent and unique innate T-cell population that expresses an evolutionarily conserved invariant T cell receptor TCRVα7.2, are present at high frequencies at mucosal tissue sites and have an intrinsic capacity to respond to microbial infections. However, the local immune responses of MAIT cells at the site of M.tb infection is unclear. We compared the PFMCs from TB (n = 57) with the PBMCs from TB (n = 57) and HD (n = 50), and characterized those T-cell phenotypes and functions. Our direct ex vivo analysis demonstrated that the frequencies of MAIT cells in PFMCs were much higher than those in PBMCs from TBP patients (P<0.001), however, lower than those in PBMCs from HD (P<0.01). Those infiltrating MAIT cells expressed high levels of tissue-tropism chemokine receptors (CXCR3hiCXCR4hiCXCR6hiCCR6hiCXCR5hiCCR5hi) and displayed an effector memory phenotype (CD45RO+CCR7-CD62L-), which indicated preferential accumulating these cells into infected lung lesions. Further, the majority of MAIT cells in PFMCs expressed CD69, a marker for tissue resident memory T cells, which suggested that specialization of these T cells into unique tissue-resident subsets given the host enhanced regional immunity. In addition, MAIT cells from PFMCs produced IFN-γ and TNF-α, and exhibited cytotoxic activity molecules CD107a/b, suggesting that poly functional M.tb-reactive MAIT cells played an significant role against M.tb infection in the local lesions. This study addressed that the M.tb-reactive MAIT cells exerted unique innate functions in immune responses to M.tb at local infection sites.","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115600362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches Towards a Malaria Vaccine","authors":"F. Hartmann","doi":"10.29011/2575-789X.000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789X.000038","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a vector-borne parasitic disease with a significant contribution to the public health burden in many tropical regions of Africa, Asia and South America. In 2017 alone, close to 220 million cases of malaria were recorded worldwide, with Sub Saharan Africa and India contributing almost 80% of the malaria burden [1]. The causative agent of malaria are protozoan Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Importantly however, only five out of 170 Plasmodium spp. are pathogenic to humans. Among the different species of Plasmodium, P. falciparum is among the most prevalent and causes the highest mortality rates in humans. Mortality rates of malaria are highest in children under the age of 5 due to the lack of strong protective immune responses. Importantly, the current major emerging problem in the public health sector is the continued emergence of parasite resistance to anti-malaria drugs [1,2]. In humans, the life cycle of the parasite (Figure 1) begins with the entrance of sporozoites during the blood meal of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Sporozoites undergo development in liver hepatocyte cells and subsequently emerge as merozoites (liver stage).","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mankind Beset by Devils: On the Function of Sneezing and Coughing as a Form of Defense Against Infections","authors":"Ger T. Rijkers, Frans J van Overveld","doi":"10.29011/2575-789x.000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789x.000135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Impact of Vaccination as Control Strategy of Dengue Transmission Dynamics Considering a Multi-Strain Model","authors":"Ana Kurauchi, H. Shimozako, E. Massad","doi":"10.29011/2575-789x.000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-789x.000134","url":null,"abstract":"of the Impact of as Control Strategy of Dengue Transmission Dynamics Considering a Model. Vaccines Abstract Optimizing a strategy for Dengue control based on vaccination is very challenging, since the dynamics of Dengue can be influenced by the coexistence of more than one serotype (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4), allowing the appearance of heterologous infections. In addition, although the effect of cross-immunity lasts a short period, the real protective power of the immune response is still not entirely clear. The aim of this study is to develop an optimization model to control Dengue transmission considering a multi-strain model. In order to evaluate such optimization, the vaccination was considered the control strategy. The Dengue dynamics was modeled according to that one developed by [1]. This model considered a human population, which can be infected by two strains of Dengue virus (strain 1 and 2). Both strains are simultaneously present in the system and they determine 10 categories in human population: susceptible to strains 1 and 2 ( ); primarily infected with strain 1 ( ) or strain 2 ( ); recovered from the first infection with strain 1 ( ) or strain 2 ( ); susceptible with a previous infection with strain 1 ( ) or strain 2 ( ); secondarily infected with strain 1, when the first infection was caused by strain 2 ( ) or for second time infected with strain 2 when the first infection was caused by strain 1 ( ); recovered from the secondary infection ( ). Initially, with the purpose of understand the Dengue dynamics in such conditions, the model was simulated without the introduction of vaccination. Following, the vaccination was introduced in this model. Although the vaccination was distributed to whole population, the vaccination effects occurs only on individual of category (the vaccinated individuals from move to category). Once in this category, individuals can become infected due to vaccination, moving to category. Otherwise, they become successfully protected ( ). Once the same individual cannot become infected by two different serotypes at the same time, there will be a competition between serotypes 1 and 2. However, the vaccination does not decrease the serotype 1 infected individuals, because there would be more susceptible individual’s available to be infected by serotype 1. In other words, the serotype 1 would prevail in this population.","PeriodicalId":386740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines, Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131255490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}