{"title":"Sternstunden der Biologie","authors":"Larissa Tetsch","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202070517","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202070517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202070517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46160677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leben unter Druck","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202070501","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202070501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salpa thompsoni ist eine zu den Manteltieren gehörende Salpenart (Stamm Chordatiere, Klasse Thaliacea), die in den Meeresregionen rings um die Antarktis und Neuseeland vorkommt und deren ungeschlechtliche Einzeltiere bis zu 12 cm lang werden. Wie die meisten Salpen besitzt S. thompsoni einen tonnenförmigen Körper und filtert mit Hilfe ihres Kiemendarms Plankton aus dem Meerwasser. Die Fortbewegung erfolgt nach dem Rückstoßprinzip: Ein Wasserstrahl tritt durch die Ausströmöffnung (links im Bild) und schiebt den Körper aufgrund der Impulserhaltung nach vorne. In der Nähe der Ausströmöffnung sieht man die rotbraun gefärbten Eingeweide wie das Herz und den Verdauungstrakt. Salpen durchlaufen einen komplizierten Generationswechsel: Bei dem schnurartigen Gebilde auf der Bauchseite handelt es sich um eine Blastozooidenkette aus Geschlechtstieren, die durch Knospung entstehen. Die gallertartige Hülle hilft Salpen, ein Absinken in große Meerestiefen mit den dort herrschenden lebensfeindlichen Drücken zu verhindern. Mehr darüber, wie sich Lebewesen an Hochdruckbedingungen anpassen, lesen Sie auf Seite 331. Foto: Mike Stukel.</p>","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202070501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49201747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leben unter Druck","authors":"Dr. Pascal Eitner","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202010715","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202010715","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Life under pressure</b></p>\u0000 <p>Pressure is an abiotic factor that has forced organisms to adapt on many levels. Especially in marine environments is hydrostatic pressure one of the main factors for changes in morphology and physiology. On a macroscopic level there is a need for a reduction of weight, the development of means of buoyancy and new hunting strategies to survive under deep sea conditions. On a cellular level high pressure (>10 MPa) inhibits the metabolism due to a deformation of proteins. In consequence high pressure can be utilized at room temperature to sterilize food. On the other hand there are extremophile microbes and higher animals that withstand the strong mechanical impact thanks to compatible solutes for example. Even the development of healthy tissue like joint cartilage and bone is dependent on the application of pressure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":"331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202010715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47574922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vorschau auf Heft 6/2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202070524","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202070524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":"375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202070524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43156778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Niedergang der Insekten","authors":"Josef H. Reichholf","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202010717","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202010717","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>The Decline of Insects – Why moths and other insects are becoming rarer</b></p>\u0000 <p>Fifty years of quantitative study of abundance of night-flying insects attracted to ultraviolet light revealed a decrease of more than 80 per cent in moths since the start of the study in 1969 and of 96 per cent in the other (small) insects for the margins of the arable land subjected to conventional farming, but no changes in insect abundance in several areas in the city of Munich. There, at present more insects fly despite light pollution than on the borders of agricultural land on the countryside. The trend of abundance in the quite insect rich riverine forests is inconclusive, and probably due to fluctuations caused by the uninhibited growth of the trees, which are no longer used for fire wood. Concerning agriculture the key factor is overfertilisation which creates conditions too cold and too wet due to vegetation which became much too dense. Additionally the extensive application of pesticides reduces insect population. Second to conventional agriculture, however, is the overzealous cleaning (in fact a shaving) of marginal land in towns, villages and along roads, called the duly public maintenance. This highly destructive practice could be cancelled quite simply.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":"346-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202010717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42480672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fossilien- und Heimatmuseum Messel: Die Säugetiere entwickelten sich rasant","authors":"Klaus Winkelmann","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202070522","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202070522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vor 48 Mio. Jahren im Eozän war es in Europa ca. 10 Grad wärmer als heute. Es herrschte ein tropisch/subtropisches Klima mit der entsprechenden Flora und Fauna. Reptilien und Amphibien traten auf, und die Säugetiere – noch klein von Wuchs – hatten sich gerade von der Herrschaft der ausgestorbenen Dinosaurier befreit und entwickelten sich rasant. In den Ablagerungen eines tiefen Sees in der Nähe von Messel, genannt „Grube Messel“, fossilisierten diese Lebewesen. Das von Bewohnern des Ortes 1980 gegründete Fossilien- und Heimatmuseum Messel zeigt ca. 90 Fossilien aus dieser Zeit und beschreibt sie. Die „Fossilienfundstelle Grube Messel“ ist seit 1995 ein UNESCO Weltnaturerbe.</p>","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":"370-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202070522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meldungen: Biologie in unserer Zeit 5/2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202070504","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202070504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":"298-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202070504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43456675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hygiene zahlt sich aus","authors":"Wilhelm Irsch","doi":"10.1002/biuz.202070509","DOIUrl":"10.1002/biuz.202070509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nester von Höhlenbrütern sind auch für Mikroorganismen ein geeigneter Lebensraum. Polnische Ornithologen konnten nun zeigen, dass sich Bakterien im Nest eher ungünstig auf die Gesundheit der Vögel auswirken.</p>","PeriodicalId":38671,"journal":{"name":"Biologie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"50 5","pages":"310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/biuz.202070509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44647815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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