Polish Psychological Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"A cognitive perspective on basic generic metaphors and their specific-level realizations","authors":"Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Hassan Banaruee, Babak Yazdani-Fazlabadi","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2022.141133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2022.141133","url":null,"abstract":": By conducting an examination of the mapping process in metaphor comprehension, this article suggests that a set of superficially different metaphors can be considered to be isomorphic to an underlying generic metaphor. In other words, a set of seemingly different metaphors with different domains can be categorized under a single generic metaphor. The generic metaphor is in the general form of X is in some kind of semantic relationship with Y . When this generic metaphor is realized in specific-level forms, a number of metaphors are produced which are isomorphic to each other, although their domains could be completely different in appearance. In other words, there is a deep homogeneity among a set of concretely different metaphors. A generic metaphor can be seen as a semantic frame for all specific metaphors that are isomorphic to it. Since base and target domains of a given metaphor can be very different in terms of concrete features, the mapping of the base into the target must be mediated by the domain of its underlying generic metaphor.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44827394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Contingent Self-Esteem Scale (CSES)","authors":"Malwina Szpitalak, R. Polczyk, I. Dudek","doi":"10.24425/119514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119514","url":null,"abstract":"In general, it is ben eficial and adaptive to have high self-esteem; however, contingent self-esteem depending on approval is not so advantageous. This article presents research on a Polish version of the Contingent Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), which measures contingent self-esteem. The CSES was administered on a total of 1,199 participants; a range of other instruments were also used to establish the validity of the CSES. The CSES proved to have acceptable internal consistency and validity and factor analyses revealed that it contains four factors: vulnerability to negative opinions, dependence on physical attractiveness, dependence on opinions, and dependence on self-standards. Contingent self-esteem was positively correlated with neuroticism, agreeableness, ruminating, anxiety, and maladaptive perfectionism; it was negatively correlated with general self-esteem and self-efficacy. Mediational analyses confirmed the hypothesis that low general self-esteem causes high rumination about oneself, which in turn is related to high contingent self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Validation of Challenging Job Demands Scale","authors":"Irsa Fatima Makhdoom, N. Malik, Mohsin Atta","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2022.141138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2022.141138","url":null,"abstract":": Challenging job demands are those which require the use of high energy and thus may impair health but bring positive consequences too. The present study aimed to construct a measure for challenging job demands for university teachers. Methods: The study is based upon the model developed by Makhdoom and Malik (2018) which proposed three challenging job demands including Regulatory Load, Social Load, and Cognitive Demands. On the basis of the literature review, Time Pressure was also studied as a factor. First of all, the authors created an initial item pool of 19 items which were categorized into four factors. The finalized item pool was administered on two independent samples drawn from various universities of Pakistan. In the first stage, the university teachers (N = 201) from three universities of the Punjab province were approached. EFA concluded three-factor and 13 items, which were then administered upon a sample of university teachers (N = 600). Results: The CFA confirmed the three-factor structure of challenging job demands including Time Pressure, Cognitive Demands and Social Load. All the fit indices were within an acceptable range. The values of factor loadings and Cronbach Alpha justified the internal consistency and psychometric soundness of the newly developed measure. Discussion: The study concludes a psychometrically sound scale to measure challenging job demands in university teachers which will be helpful in future studies. The limitations of the study along with suggestions for future research and important theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44985897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Lockdown as an Atypical Stressful Situation and Ways of Coping with It","authors":"M. Lelek-Kratiuk, M. Szczygieł","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2021.137256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2021.137256","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known as to what extent the pandemic lockdown has changed the perceived level of stress and stress-coping strategies. In response to this gap we present the results of quantitative and qualitative studies on stress levels and coping with stress conducted among Polish adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. The first study indicates that the lockdown has changed stress appraisal moderately, and it has also affected stress-coping strategies in various areas. The second study reveals miscellaneous reasons for stress appraisal (health, economic, political, social, freedom restriction, and religious). Participants perceived pandemic and lockdown as a moderate stressor, more as a challenge than a threat. Moreover the avoidant style recognized as the most adaptive reaction on stress in our study, confirms that people have a natural ability to adapt to unpredictable and unexpected situations like COVID-19 lockdown. © 2021 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45317883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between Trait Emotional Intelligence and emotion recognition in the context of COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Cannavò, Nadia Barberis, R. Larcan, F. Cuzzocrea","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2022.140477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2022.140477","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 pandemic is severely impacting worldwide. A line of research warned that facial occlusion may impair facial emotion recognition, whilst prior research highlighted the role of Trait Emotional Intelligence in the recognition of non-verbal social stimuli. The sample consisted of 102 emerging adults, aged 18-24 (M = 20.76;SD = 2.10;84% females, 16% males) and were asked to recognize four different emotions (happiness, fear, anger, and sadness) in fully visible faces and in faces wearing a mask and to complete a questionnaire assessing Trait Emotional Intelligence. Results highlighted that individuals displayed lower accuracy in detecting happiness and fear in covered faces, while also being more inaccurate in reporting correct answers. The results show that subjects provide more correct answers when the photos show people without a mask than when they are wearing it. In addition, participants give more wrong answers when there are subjects wearing masks in the photos than when they are not wearing it. In addition, participants provide more correct answers regarding happiness and sadness when in the photos the subjects are not wearing the mask, compared to when they are wearing it. Implications are discussed. © 2022 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"May the testing of integrity help to employ people with mood disorders?","authors":"Tereza Prihodova, M. Preiss, E. Strakova, V. Juríčková, R. Heissler","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2021.136821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2021.136821","url":null,"abstract":": Background : Integrity involves adherence to a set of moral principles and the courage to act on those principles. In clinical psychology and other health professions, consideration of integrity ensures that the upmost care and respect is given to all-regardless of individual background or mental health condition. However, despite the salience of integrity in clinical practice, it is frequently neglected in the literature. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to test a theoretical model and investigate the use of integrity assessments in clinical populations. Subjects and Methods : Participants (N=80) were assessed using the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO), self-reports and simulated cheating task. Results : Statistical analysis revealed that age, as well as agreeableness; conscientiousness, impression management, moral values and dark triad traits, accounted for 63% of the variance with age and impression management as significant predictors. Integrity was a predictor for cheating at work (Adj. R 2 = 0.41), unethical work behavior (Adj. R 2 = 0.27) and simulated cheating task (Adj. R 2 = 0.07). Conclusions : The results of the study suggest the possibility of using integrity tests in mood disorders with a moderate level of mood and anxiety impairments.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43704101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Extended Contextual Information Provided in a Contemporary Art Gallery on Aesthetic Experience of Art Faculties Students","authors":"Magdalena Szubielska, Agata Sztorc","doi":"10.24425/PPB.2019.131316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/PPB.2019.131316","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to investigate whether educational activities in the form of guided tours through an exhibition change the appreciation of art when young experts (i.e. first-years students of artistic faculties) view contemporary art in a gallery. Participants viewed and assessed the artworks presented at the gallery twice – before and after taking part in a guided tour led by a gallery educator. The guide-led tour increased both understanding and ratings (the hedonic value) of the artworks, which is consistent with the “effort after meaning” hypothesis and also with the model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments. Our results suggest that the reception of works of art by young experts is changed when they are under the influence of extensive contextual information.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42533026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between motivation and social perception: New ideas","authors":"H. Brycz, R. Wright","doi":"10.24425/119465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119465","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of the Special Issue was supported by a grant 2013/11/B/HS6/01463 from the National Science Center awarded to Hanna Brycz. This special issue is the result of cooperation between the Society for the Study of Motivation (SSM) and Polish social psychologists at the University of Gdansk and Jagiellonian University. Cooperation between these parties dates back to the point at which the SSM was first established, in 2007. It has yielded fruitful idea exchanges, including ones that occurred during a series of international conferences concerned with human motivation. The most recent international conference had the theme “Motivation and Social Perception” and took place in Gdansk – July, 2016. Following the theme of the most recent conference, this special issue is devoted to motivation and social perception. The existing psychological literature contains many relevant approaches. Examples are approaches concerned with goal-directed behavior (Aarts & Eliot, 2012), social judgments and decision making (Krueger, 2012; Weiner, 1995), lay theories of intelligence (Dweck, 2000), self and identity (Alicke, Dunning, & Krueger, 2005), work and achievement (Locke, Latham, 1990), and goal-striving and health (Wright & Gendolla, 2012). Broad psychological theories address broad meanings of motivation and social perception (Higgins, 2012; Higgins & Kruglanski, 2000; Van Lange, Kruglanski & Higgins, 2012; Weiner, 1972). It is impossible to understand core motivational processes such as the establishment and operation of motives without understanding related social perception processes (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004; Fiske, 2013; Weiner, 2014). The articles in this special issue address multiple links between motivation and social perception, demonstrating the depth and richness of theory in both domains. In the passages below, we briefly describe these articles, noting the central focus of each. One of the fundamental questions in psychological science is how human motivation and associated emotions are influenced by attributions, including those generated by people’s perspective as actors or observers (Nisbett & Ross, 1980). Bernard Weiner addresses this question, applying his classic attribution model. Weiner’s classic model built on ideas presented in Heider’s (1958) seminal book, “The psychology of interpersonal relations” and shows every sign of standing beautifully the test of time moving forward. Marcin Bukowski, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón, Soledad de Lemus, Guillermo Willis, Gloria Jiménez-Moya, and Russell Spears do something similar. Specifically, they address the problem of emotions generated by attributions towards powerless groups, considering the role of power asymmetries. Ideas expressed by these authors are highly relevant to the social integration of refugee youth and lead nicely to the following chapter by Jaana Juvonen. Jaana discusses successful models of social integration and reviews lessons learned about school–based interethnic relation","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47082757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of experimental manipulation of body schema on creative potential in mid-adolescence","authors":"Beata Mirucka, Monika Kisielewska","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2020.135462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2020.135462","url":null,"abstract":": The study explored the impact of experimental manipulation of body schema on creative potential in mid-adolescence. The experiment was conducted in a group of 140 adolescents at the age of 14-16: 68 boys (M = 15.03; SD = .93) and 72 girls (M = 15.01; SD = .81), randomly allocated to equinumerous groups: experimental and control. The aim of experimental manipulation was to obtain a temporarily disturbance of body schema. It was gained by the use of glasses reversing the field of vision in the vertical up/down plane, and measured by the Body Schema Disturbance Questionnaire. In both groups the Urban and Jellen’s Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production (TCT-DP, Urban & Jellen, 1986) was administered twice (in A and B versions, randomly selected). Statistical analyses was run with a mixed model ANOVA (2 drawings x 2 groups x 2 sexes). The interaction effect of drawing production and group assignment on creative potential was significant, while the interaction effect of drawing production and sex on creative potential turned out to be insignificant.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47112852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Relapse Risks and Related Factors among Patients with Schizophrenia in Razi Hospital, Iran: A Latent Class Analysis","authors":"M. Noroozi, N. Alibeigi, Bahram Armoon, O. Rezaei, M. Sayadnasiri, S. Nejati, F. Fadaei, Davood Arab Ghahestany, B. Dieji, Elahe Ahounbar","doi":"10.24425/119502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119502","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Relapse is very much associated with the management of disorder during the treatment, but also many other factors could trigger it. The aim of this study was to explore classes and patterns of relapse risk in patients with schizophrenia of Razi Hospital. Methods: Using random sampling techniques, we recruited 300 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in Razi hospital of Tehran (Iran) between January and May 2017 in a cross -sectional survey. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to establish a baseline model of risk profiles and to identify the optimal number of latent classes, and we used ordinal regression to identify factors associated with class membership. Results: Three classes of multiple relapse risk were identified. LCA showed that, overall, 52%, 22% and 26% of participants with schizophrenia were divided into class 1, class 2 and class 3, respectively. Compared to members in the lowest -risk class (reference group), the highest -risk class members had higher odds of being the age of disorder onset under 25 (OR = 1.4; CI: 1.42–2.33). Participants with schizophrenia who were unemployed were more likely to categorize in the highest -risk class than members of the low -risk class (OR = 2.5; CI: 1.44–4.1). Also, female patients were more likely to belong to members of the high -risk class than members of the low -risk class (OR = 2.22; CI: 1.74–7.64). Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of having targeted prevention programs for all domains of Age of onset, female and unemployed related. So, current study suggested that interventions should focus on these risk factors. Furthermore, Increasing the Job opportunities for participants with schizophrenia is warranted so as to prevent of schizophrenia disorder.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}