International Journal of Dream Research最新文献

{"title":"Most recent dreams vs. diary dreams: A methodological note","authors":"M. Schredl","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73639","url":null,"abstract":"Dream content analytic studies rely on dream reports that can be obtained via different collection methods, e.g., REM sleep awakenings in the sleep lab, diaries, and eliciting the most recent dream. Whereas differences between lab and home dreams have been documented, systematic research regarding the differences between most recent dreams and diary dreams is scarce. The present analyses compared 169 most recent dreams and 410 diary dreams collected in independent samples with similar background (psychology students). The results clearly indicate that most recent dreams are more bizarre and include more intense negative emotions when compared to diary dreams. More research is warranted to increase the understanding what factors might contribute to the differences between most recent dreams and diary dreams.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"293-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43873501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addendum to: Binswanger and Wittmann (2019): Reconsidering Freud’s dream theory. International Journal of Dream Research Volume 12 (1), 103-111.","authors":"Lutz Wittmannn, R. Binswanger","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73940","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper aimed at facilitating the understanding and han­dling of Freud’s dream theory. We are grateful for critical comments on our contribution by Volker Hartmann which prompt us to differentiate more explicitly between verbal and perceptual representations of the latent dream thought within Freud´s dream theory. We will thus integrate the differentiation between the following two concepts in our previous arguments: \u0000 \u0000The unconscious formation of the preconscious and verbal latent dream thought: The dream work by the unconscious ego replaces the sleep-disturbing stimuli – demands upon the ego – by a harmless preconscious wish-fulfilment that still has a verbal form, called latent dream thought. This process is dominated by the different defense-mechanisms of the ego, including displacement, condensation, reversal to the contrary and symbolization. \u0000The transformation of the verbal dream-thought into a perception of things: Dream work continues by transforming – in a regressive cerebral direction – the verbal latent dream-thought into hallucinatory perceptions of things. This process is dominated by considerations of representability. What comes out is a preconscious sensory perception of the latent dream thought, characterized by the primary process functioning of the unconscious ego. In this form, it is still incompatible with secondary process functioning of the conscious ego. \u0000 \u0000This distinction allows for a further clarification of the term secondary revision: \u0000 \u0000The sensory perception of the latent dream thought undergoes – as every sensory perception – secondary revision by the preconscious ego, forming the manifest dream content, characterized by the secondary process. In this form, the manifest dream content is compatible with the conscious ego.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"317-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64376526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dream recall frequency: Stability and changes assessed in a longitudinal design","authors":"M. Schredl, M. Gilles, I. Wolf, Verena Peus, B. Scharnholz, M. Sütterlin, S. Bardtke, T. Send, M. Deuschle","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73198","url":null,"abstract":"Dream recall frequencies exhibit large inter-individual differences, ranging from recalling a dream almost every morning to recalling a dream almost never. Although dream recall has been conceptualized as a stable trait, longitudinal studies in this area are scarce. Within the framework of a complex study, 279 women (mean age: 31.76 ± 4.73 yrs.) completed a brief sleep questionnaire three times (last trimester of their pregnancy, 6 month postpartum, and 4 years postpartum) that included a dream recall frequency scale. The findings indicate that dream recall frequency is quite stable over the four-year period, although the correlation coefficients were somewhat smaller compared to previous studies – probably reflecting the effect of major life transitions (pregnancy, giving birth, caring for small children). The lowest dream recall at 6 month postpartum was not explained by sleep variables (sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings) and favors the hypothesis that interest in dream that might have been low while caring for very small children and this might explain long-term changes in dream recall.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"289-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43809464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dream recording frequency in psychology students","authors":"M. Schredl","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.75354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.75354","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has indicated that dream recording frequency is associated with openness to experience and also low conscientiousness. Although psychology students are likely to be interested in topics like dreaming, systematic studies about their dream recording behavior have not been carried out. In this analysis, the dream recording frequencies of 409 psychology students was compared to the dream recording frequencies of a population-based sample (N = 1742) using the same 8-point rating scale. The findings indicated that psychology students record their dreams more often than the population-based survey participants – differences in dream recall frequency were statistically controlled. From a methodological viewpoint, dream researchers have to be careful when generalizing their findings based on samples of dream journalists who show specific trait characteristics that are different compared to the general population. From a theoretical viewpoint, it would be interesting to learn more about the motives as to why individuals keep dream journals.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"306-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48625415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ring, ring, ring... Are you dreaming? Combining acoustic stimulation and reality testing for lucid dream induction: A sleep laboratory study","authors":"Daniel Erlacher, Danielle B. Schmid, Florian Bischof, Jennifer L Hammer, T. Stumbrys","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.74880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.74880","url":null,"abstract":"Lucid dreaming, the fact that one knows that they are dreaming while dreaming, provides a unique paradigm for the study of the distinctive psychophysiological state of dreaming and consciousness. Unfortunately, frequent lucid dreamers are rare and techniques should be established to reliably induce lucid dreams. Here the induction of lucid dreams with a combination of reality testing and the external auditory stimulation with ring tones was applied. The proce-dure induced a self-rated lucid dream in five participants compared to one lucid dream in a sham condition. In two cases (16.7%) a signal-verified lucid dream was found. The induction rate of the present study procedure will be discussed in the context of previous studies and success rates of combining reality checking with external stimulation.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"267-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47973105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lucid nightmares: An exploratory online study","authors":"M. Schredl, Kelly Bulkeley","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.72364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.72364","url":null,"abstract":"Lucid nightmares are defined as dreams with strong negative emotions in which the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming but is unable to change the terrifying plot of the dream and/or is unable to deliberately wake up from it. So far, very little is known about lucid nightmare content. A subsample of a representative survey consisting of 408 participants (248 women, 160 men) with a mean age of 43.54 ± 16.04 yrs. provided a most recent lucid dream experience. Of the 160 nightmarish dreams, 67 could be classified as lucid nightmares with two thirds of the dreams including the inability to wake up. “Including nightmarish elements in the most recent lucid dream report” and “Being able to change the distressing content vs. having a lucid nightmare” was not related to age, gender, education, and ethnicity in this exploratory study. Future studies should focus on the variety of lucid nightmare topics – possibly expand the definition as this is currently focused on the inability to wake up or not being able to change the plot – and intervention strategies, i.e., the most effective ways to deal with lucid nightmares.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"215-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43832834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors related to positive and negative attitudes toward dreams: An empirical investigation","authors":"M. Schredl","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.72389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.72389","url":null,"abstract":"Attitudes toward dreams can be positive, e.g., “I think that dreaming is in general a very interesting phenomenon” or negative, e.g., “Dreams are boring for me”. At first, research treated positive and negative attitudes toward dream as two poles of a unidimensional concept but recent evidence has suggested that despite the large overlap both concepts can be differentiated. The findings of the present online survey (N = 1450) supported this notion as variables like age, dream recall frequency, neuroticism, agreeableness are differentially associated with positive and negative attitudes towards dreams. Dream recall frequency and neuroticism were more closely related to positive attitudes toward dreams, whereas low agreeableness was more closely associated with negative attitudes toward dreams. Overall, the correlations between attitude towards dreams and stable factors like personality dimensions raise the question as to how and when attitudes towards dreams are formed, i.e., longitudinal studies during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood would be desirable.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"229-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48777685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imperial neuropsychology and an Indian diamond: The Quantum Ground of Dreaming in The Moonstone","authors":"A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.73527","url":null,"abstract":"Wilkie Collins’ novel The Moonstone (1868) has sustained interests of dream theorists and postcolonial critics alike. Franklin Blake’s censored dream—and his somnambulant theft of the eponymous diamond—was a pioneering thought experiment by Collins, who is also believed to have invented the English detective novel. The question, whether Blake’s supposed dream and somnambulism was constituted by traces of his conscious waking experience, or emerged from an unconscious source, remains unanswered as the contents of the dream are not known. Taking The Moonstone beyond the ambit of postcolonial criticism and reading it simply as a subversion of British imperialism from within, I present evidence for the novel being encrypted with principles of Vedanta and ancient Indian dream theories from the Mandukya Upanishad and its commentaries by Gaudapadacharya and Shankaracharya. Also, going beyond the continuity hypothesis, which considers dreaming activity to be reconstituted from particles of residual memory of waking experiences, I further argue that Collins had inadvertently paved the way for a nonlocal spatiality of the dreaming mind and a quantum particle-wave model for dream stimuli and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47861319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research output on lucid dreaming research from 1966 to 2019: Bibliometric and network analyses on lucid dreaming","authors":"D. Pepe","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.72226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.72226","url":null,"abstract":"Lucid dreaming is a phenomenon that can be classified as altered state of consciousness. In the last years the scientific interest for it has grown exponentially. To understand how the research on this topic evolved during the time, bibliometric and network analyses were performed. The focus of the analysis was on: 1) papers; 2) authors; 3) countries and 4) collaborations. Scopus database was used to retrieve articles on lucid dreaming. The analyses included publications published between 1966 and 2019. The productive countries, citation analysis, keywords co-occurences, international collaboration, active authors, and active journals were retrieved and analyzed. A total of 306 articles were retrieved. They refer to the period between 1966 to 2019. The average citations per documents was 12.79. The documents annual growth rate was 5.60. Stratified by number of publications, the United States ranked first with 59 papers. The highest percentage of international collaboration was seen for researchers from Germany. Most active journals in the context of lucid dreaming were Dreaming, International Journal of Dream Research, Perceptual and Motor Skills. Schredl M. and Erlacher D. were the two most productive authors in terms of number of published papers, number of citations, h and g indices. LaBerge S. was the author with the longest research productivity. The strongest co-authorship relationship was between Schredl M. and Erlacher D while the strongest university collaboration was between Heidelberg University (Germany), Central Institute of Mental Health (Germany) and the University of Bern (Switzerland). Publications on lucid dreaming have increased in the past decades. This shows that the topic is becoming more and more appealing to the scientific world and not anymore confined to the esoteric tradition. Several countries are involved in the research and some of them collaborate on this topic. The number of papers is exponentially increasing from 1979. This means that the topic is a hot topic and more and more studies are expected in the next years for a better understanding of a branch of consciousness that was mainly overlooked until 1979.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"202-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of single- and multiple-item nightmare frequency measures","authors":"W. Kelly, Johan Mathe","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.64362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2020.2.64362","url":null,"abstract":"Nightmare frequency research usually relies on single-item measures. The current study compared some single- and multiple-item measures of nightmare frequency. Three single-item measures representing different response formats (binary, ordinal, and nominal) were compared with both an existing and newly devised multiple-item nightmare frequency scale, the Nightmare Frequency Index (NFI). To collect psychometric information on the new scale, 276 university students completed the NFI. A subsample of 146 participants completed additional measures of nightmare frequency and constructs previously related to nightmares. The NFI had adequate psychometric properties. Generally, nightmare frequency measures demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. A higher-order nightmare frequency factor was found with all nightmare frequency measures contributing. Multiple-item measures had slightly higher average correlations than a binary single-item measure, but not ordinal or nominal single-item measures. The results are discussed in the context of choosing frequency measures for research","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44038378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}