International Journal of Dream Research最新文献

{"title":"Dreams and Religious Conversions: A Study of Malaysian Muslim Converts","authors":"S. Abdullah","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.48858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.48858","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to implement the Islamic mode of dream interpretation as well as assess its significance in religious conversion by examining the Muslim converts’ form of dreams, whereby their dreams were studied in terms of religious dream imageries and dream elements, and eventually, the impacts of religious dream imageries and dream elements to them. It is discovered that the religious dream imageries of the seven participants were explicit and implicit with specific forms of messages such as paradise and hell revealed through dream, reminder dreams, contemplate-like dreams, and ‘saviour’ dreams. Results also reveal that the 10 most frequent dream elements recounted by the seven participants were garment (robe), servant of God, turban, elderly person, imam (religious leader), lights, mosque, prayer mat, Qur’an, and sky. The results expose that the impacts of the religious dream imageries and dream elements to the participants were that they either seek for an answer, followed the instructions or hints given in the dreams, or straight away made the decisions to embrace Islam - all of which eventually led them to their conversions to Islam. Thus, dream imageries and dream elements are two aspects that rely on one another in the course of interpreting dreams. The participants’ dreams show that dreams facilitated the reception of religious beliefs by providing personal experiential confirmation of incoming information or events to dreamers.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47267913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dreams stimulate waking-life creativity and problem solving: Effects of personality traits","authors":"Florentine Klepel, M. Schredl, A. Göritz","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.58950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.58950","url":null,"abstract":"Well-known examples, e.g. Paul McCartney who composed “Yesterday” because of a dream, have shown how dreams can inspire creativity. In a sample population of 2492 participants who completed an online questionnaire the goal of this study was to examine the frequency of dreams which stimulate creative ideas and help solving problems. Participants had on average both creative ideas and problem solving help by dreams once every other month. Factors such as gender, age, attitude towards dreams and personality traits influenced the frequency. Although all personality traits showed an impact on the frequency, Openness to Experience and Neuroticism had the strongest influence. Agreeableness and Conscientiousness showed negative correlations only with the creative ideas by dreams item. Persons with higher scores of Openness to Experience and Neuroticism were more often influenced by their dreams. Further research could have a look at persons working in creative fields and possible results of creative and problem solving dreams, e.g., new music, advertising slogans, website designs, and poems.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43393717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dream content analysis using Artificial Intelligence","authors":"P. McNamara, Kelly Duffy-Deno, T. Marsh, T. Marsh","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.48744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.48744","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a dream content analysis system (DCAS) based on an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that was trained using a relatively large corpus of over 35,000 dreams.  This sample of dreams were supplied by 424 female and 211 male users over 4 years who had posted them at the dream posting website and app Dreamboard.com. Building upon previous dream content ontologies developed by Hall, Van de Castle, Domhoff and Bulkeley, forty-seven reliably identified dream themes emerged from repeated application of algorithm and agent training procedures. DCAS reproduced most of the key dream content themes from these previous ontologies but also returned some unexpected findings. Mixed-model estimation detected significant male-female content differences for 34 dream themes, with female dreams evidencing higher incidence percentages for most themes, but effect sizes were small. Mixed-model logistic regression identified those themes that best predicted self-reported positive or negative mood associated with dreams.  We conclude that the AI-based DCAS algorithm developed here is a promising tool for detailed analyses of dream content patterns.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A skeleton key to dream interpretation","authors":"Calvin Yu Kai Ching","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.41197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.41197","url":null,"abstract":"There are typical themes that are repeatedly dreamed by most people. Given their omnipresence in dreams, they may constitute a skeleton key for an interpretation of dreams. This study aims to demonstrate how the classification of dream themes using the Dream Motif Scale (DMS)can facilitate dream interpretation without actively involving dreamers in the analytic process. On the strength of previous research findings concerning the DMS categorization of dream themes, overnight alterations in affective valence, and modus operandi of dream expression, nine steps for dream interpretation were developed. The sample contained 7 subjects whose dream experiences were evaluated by the retrospective self-rating, dream-diary, and rapid-eye-movement (REM) awakening methods. Eight emotionally toned REM dreams were selected and analyzed using the DMS classification system. The results of dream analyses were compared against the subjects’ personality profiles assessed by 17 personality traits indicative of superego functioning, instinctual affect, and ego strength. It seems that utilizing the DMS system to identify and classify themes in dreams, supplemented with the analysis of affect valence, can provide clinicians with some directions for working toward a dream interpretation that is consonant with an individual’s personality characteristics. Since the proposed procedures for dream interpretation do not require dreamers’ active participation, they are potentially instrumental in a clinical setting, especially at the beginning of the therapeutic process when certain individuals are reluctant to reflect on their dream experiences. This interpreter-oriented approach, however, only provides an alternative for working with difficult dreams; whether a dream interpretation is useful still hinges on the dreamer’s capability to connect it with waking experiences.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47076382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Dreams, Vietnam and Other Dreams, by Marc Levy","authors":"J. Mathes","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.59261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2019.1.59261","url":null,"abstract":"The former infantry medic Marc Levy published his dream reports, which he was recording regularly for one year, 45 years after he returned from Vietnam War. After the war, he was suffering from severe nightmares related to war experiences. Those dreams are also published in another book. In his newer dreams, war themes are less frequently occurring. They mostly represent daily concerns, and severe threatening dream themes are occurring rarely, but war themes are still reported. In some dreams, severe conflicts are escalating between the dream-self and other dream characters, where the dream-self is also physically violent. This books offer future research a possibility to compare dream contents of idiopathic and posttraumatic nightmare dreamers over a long time period.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44722496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic Nightmare Content in Children and its Relation to Posttraumatic Psychopathology","authors":"K. Gray, L. Cromer","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.48777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.48777","url":null,"abstract":"In adult populations, the more similar a posttraumatic nightmare is to a precipitating traumatic event, i.e., the replicativeness of the nightmare, the more distress one experiences, and the greater the frequency and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Posttraumatic nightmare content in children and its relation to posttraumatic psychopathology remains unclear. Nightmare content and trauma-related themes within children’s posttraumatic nightmares remains relatively unexplored. Trauma-exposed children (n = 17) aged 5-17 years-old provided a posttraumatic nightmare narrative and answered questions about the replicativeness of their posttraumatic nightmare. Nightmare content and trauma-related themes were coded. Two one-way ANOVAs examined posttraumatic nightmare replicativeness to levels of posttraumatic stress and to nightmare distress. Findings showed that in children, posttraumatic nightmare replicativeness was associated with posttraumatic stress but not nightmare distress. The most common trauma-related themes in posttraumatic nightmares were safety and power/control. Girls’ nightmares more often contained pursuit and perceived threat whereas boys’ nightmares more often involved aggression. Our study is the first to examine trauma-related themes and qualitative aspects of posttraumatic nightmares in children with a variety of traumas. Future studies should examine gender differences and trauma-related themes, as these may have implications for our understanding and treatment of nightmares in children.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visiting the land of dream muses: The relationship between lucid dreaming and creativity","authors":"T. Stumbrys, Viktorija Daunytė","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.48667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.48667","url":null,"abstract":"Dreaming is a very creative state of mind. Lucid dreamers – who can become aware in their dreams that they are dreaming – have an advantage of directly tapping into the creative potentials of the dreaming mind. This study explored the relationship between lucid dreaming and creativity. Twenty lucid dreamers were asked to accomplish a creative generation task once in a lucid dream and once while awake. Their performance was compared to a control group of 20 non-lucid dreamers who did the task once (i.e. awake). While according to the present findings, the lucid dream state did not appear to be more advantageous for creativity than waking imagination, lucid dreamers performed better on a creative task than non-lucid dreamers, which supports the notion of existing relationship between the ability for lucid dreaming and creativity. Future studies should explore the directionality of this relationship and make further comparisons of creative performance in wakefulness and the lucid dream state.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45133165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The World Dream As Parable of Being","authors":"Kurt Forrer","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.48882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.48882","url":null,"abstract":"The bulk of the scientific fraternity still regards the world as ‘a thing as such’, a ‘reality’, in other words, that is independent of an active mind. Its proponents build their theories on facts they regard as something certain, steadfast and unalterable. The etymology of ‘fact’ reveals that its meaning has its roots in the Latin word ‘facere’, ‘to do’. Its present day meaning was established in the 17th century when it meant ‘something that has occurred’. An occurrence is based on observation, which does not enjoy universal consensus, but is an individual matter. Like a dream, which is an occurrence, waking occurrences need interpretation. In light of this a waking fact is no more certain, steadfast and unalterable than a dream fact. Neither of them is real, for the precondition of reality is something unchanging. What, however, is steadfast and unchanging is consciousness. It persists when someone is knocked unconscious and it persists even beyond the death of the body. NDEs provide evidence for this, and so does the ‘death’ of the mystic and yogi. In daily life consciousness may fluctuate, but it will never extinguish. Consciousness is the sine qua non of existence and thus its everlastingness imbues the sense of reality to dreams and waking experience. Absolute Consciousness contains all there is, was and will be. It reveals its unexpanded content by emanating it in form of dreams and waking life where it expands in an illusive show like Plato’s play of shadows or like the cinematic screening or the virtual reality headgear. Like a cinematic screening, existence, which means standing out from something, is a projection. The projector is the brain, which screens the dream world inside the skull and the waking world outside of it. Both projections are illusive. The circumstance that dreams can conjure up vast landscapes within the skull forces us to suspect that the same applies to the waking world. Radin’s innumerable Double Slit experiments that show that consciousness collapses wave functions instantly at enormous distances, together with QM entanglement, makes nonsense of the speed of light and thus of time and space. Consciousness gives up its inner reality in a manner that might be compared to white light of the sun revealing its innate rainbow colours as it passes through a crystal, which latter would be analogous to the brain. NDE subjects often ask if the light they encounter was God. The answer is always ‘no’. This is because that light is the first manifestation of God, or of absolute Consciousness, just as the rays of the sun are its first manifestation and not the sun itself. A reflection of that divine light is ever-present in all life forms. We experience it in NREM Delta sleep. Unfortunately we forget it by the time we wake up since we have passed through the commotion of the last dream.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"2011 11","pages":"218-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41262481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the combination of cognitive training and acoustic stimulation in eliciting lucid dreams during undisturbed sleep - a pilot study using polysomnography, dream reports and questionnaires","authors":"Gulshan Kumar, A. Sasidharan, A. Nair, B. Kutty","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.46417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.46417","url":null,"abstract":"Lucid dreaming is a unique state between dreaming sleep and waking, wherein one is aware of being in dream and able to control dream contents. The present study was aimed as a proof-of-concept to a previously proposed idea that combining a cognitive training protocol with auditory cue during sleep could cause effective lucid dreaming induction even among healthy participants who had no history of lucid dreaming. 11 healthy male participants underwent baseline polysomnography (PSG). Participants were then divided into two groups: Lucid dream induction group (n=6, age=29±3.16yrs (mean±SD)) practiced cognitive training (Tholey-combined) for three months, whereasControl group (n=5, age=25±0.83yrs) did not have such training. All were trained to move their eyes (left-right 3 times continuously) during lucid dreaming. Following three months, whole night PSG was conducted on both groups, during which participants were presented with acoustic stimuli during REM sleep state to facilitate lucid dreaming. Unlike control group, 4 participants out of 6from lucid dream induction group reported lucid dreams during training period and 5 participants reported lucid during the second PSG done after three months with enhanced gamma power in fronto-central region (indicating hyperfrontality during lucid dreams). The participants also reported various aspects of subjective experience associated with lucid dreams. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of both cognitive training and auditory cues towards lucid dreaming induction in naive participants. A proper understanding of brain activity during lucid dreaming would help us understand the brain activities that provide more insight into the significance of lucid dream induction for the normal as well mentally ill.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44136202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interpretation of independent agents and spiritual content in dreams","authors":"Andrew Paquette","doi":"10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.41217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/IJODR.2018.2.41217","url":null,"abstract":"Mystical experiences and spiritual dreams have been studied to learn how to define them, who has them, and why. Rarely is the content taken seriously except as evidence of physical or psychological pathology, religious beliefs, or the influence of local culture. A challenge posed by spiritual dream content and mystical experiences in general, is that spiritual experiences refer exclusively to things that cannot be tested because they supposedly exist in a non-physical continuum. For this reason, spiritual or mystical content is generally described as ‘subjective’ in the literature. However, there can be some overlap with objectively veridical psi content. This research utilizes a single dataset comprised of 34 dream journals containing 12,224 dream records produced by this author over the past 27 years to explore the relationship between veridical and spiritual content in dreams. The results suggest that it is unreasonable to characterize all spiritual content as subjective when veridical secondary evidence is available. It also suggests that so-called ‘folkloric’ or ‘primitive’ explanations for dreams are more consistent with the data than modern psychological, cultural, or neurological explanations.","PeriodicalId":38642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dream Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"86-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45553880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}