Hermes (Denmark)最新文献_第7页

Kampf der Kulturbegriffe? Eine Fallstudie zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben über „Kultur“ im BA-Studium „Transkulturelle Kommunikation“ 文化规范的斗争秃鹰秃鹰秃鹰与文化

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-22 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111688

Sabine Dengscherz

{"title":"Kampf der Kulturbegriffe? Eine Fallstudie zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben über „Kultur“ im BA-Studium „Transkulturelle Kommunikation“","authors":"Sabine Dengscherz","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111688","url":null,"abstract":"Der Umgang mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ und den Konzepten, auf die sich der Begriff bezieht, stellt hohe heuristische und rhetorische Anforderungen an Studierende der Translationswissenschaft. „Kultur“ wird im Fachdiskurs auf unterschiedliche, teilweise widersprüchliche Konzepte bezogen. In Seminararbeiten fällt es Studierenden oft schwer, sich nachhaltig von homogenisierenden, nationalisierenden Kulturkonzepten zu emanzipieren, selbst wenn der thematische Fokus der Arbeit genau dies nahelegen würde. \u0000In meinem Beitrag werde ich dieses Phänomen anhand der ersten Fassung einer BA-Arbeit aus dem Seminar Transkulturelle Kommunikation (WS 2017/18) analysieren. Dabei wird das Problem des Umgangs mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ aus verschiedenen Perspektiven beleuchtet werden: Einerseits werden Anforderungen und Herausforderungen im Umgang mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ auf einer inhaltlich-begrifflichen Ebene analysiert, andererseits im Hinblick auf die Schreibentwicklung im wissenschaftlichen Schreiben im Studium. \u0000Die Analyse zeigt, wie durch einen undifferenzierten Umgang mit dem Begriff „Kultur“ Vorannahmen in die BA-Arbeit hineingetragen werden, die einerseits in der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema und andererseits vor allem auch in der Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zu gravierenden Problemen führen. Es wird argumentiert, dass es demnach eine wichtige Aufgabe der Translationsdidaktik ist, Studierende in der Aneignung differenzierter Kulturkonzepte zu unterstützen.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75170228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unidades de traducción culturalmente marcadas: propuesta de clasificación dinámica con fines traductológicos 文化标记翻译单位:用于翻译目的的动态分类建议

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-22 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111685

Inma Mendoza García

{"title":"Unidades de traducción culturalmente marcadas: propuesta de clasificación dinámica con fines traductológicos","authors":"Inma Mendoza García","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111685","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Translation Studies, this paper presents a proposal for classifying culturally marked translation units from a functional dynamic perspective that is considered to be more useful for both translation practice and translation-related research than other taxonomies so far suggested by the majority of theorists. \u0000For this purpose, first I provide an overview of the current state of the art in research on these specific translation units with regard to their designation, concept and classification. Second, I conduct a critical analysis of the heterogeneity of designations and definitions as well as of the static taxonomies so far prevailing in scientific literature in this respect. Third, I select a designation for these sorts of units and justify the decision made. Fourth, I provide a detailed description of the concept and its nature. \u0000Finally, I design a classificatory model that is not based on a mere classification of culture-related areas and topics but takes into account all the intratextual and extratextual factors involved in the translation process. The proposal put forward is guided by two main parameters: the degree of lingüistic and cultural (in)equivalence between the source system and the target system and the level of knowledge the reader is supposed to possess about the culturally marked textual units.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72469898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Translator Profile in the Discourse around Translation: Promotion and Reception of the English Translations of the Fiction of Bruno Schulz 翻译话语中的译者形象:布鲁诺·舒尔茨小说英译本的推广与接受

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-22 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111682

Zofia Ziemann

{"title":"Translator Profile in the Discourse around Translation: Promotion and Reception of the English Translations of the Fiction of Bruno Schulz","authors":"Zofia Ziemann","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111682","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 The paper discusses the role of (perceived) translator profile in the current promotion and reception of three competing English translations of fiction by the modernist Polish-Jewish author Bruno Schulz (1892–1942): Celina Wieniewska’s 1963/1978 canonical version, John Curran Davis’s ca. 2005–2010 online fan retranslation, and Madeline Levine’s retranslation, publicized since 2012 and forthcoming in 2018. Based on a para- and extratextual analysis of the discourse around these versions, combined with archive research into translator history, it explores the ways in which the translator’s profile is used to promote the translation and develop or support opinions about it. Wieniewska’s personal background, difficult to access due to the invisibility of the ‘historical’ translator, has been ignored by readers and critics, even though it would help understand her choice of translation strategy and thus make the recent criticism of her translation more informed. Conversely, in the case of Davis and Levine, not only are the retranslators visible to the extent that they actively promote their work themselves, but also judgments are passed, boundaries drawn and distinctions made based on their profiles rather than their performance: their work has been assessed to a large extent without reference to their actual translation choices. The retranslators’ lives – educational background, affiliation, professional experience – all turn out to play a major role in the critical discourse around their work, replacing the reading or, in the extreme case of Levine’s yet unpublished translation, even the very existence of the translated text.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Through Women’s Eyes. Conference Interpreters’ Self-Perceived Status in a Gendered Perspective 透过女人的眼睛。性别视角下会议口译员的自我认知地位

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111658

Paola Gentile

{"title":"Through Women’s Eyes. Conference Interpreters’ Self-Perceived Status in a Gendered Perspective","authors":"Paola Gentile","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111658","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyse the differences between female and male conference interpreters’ self-perceived status. Several studies (Angelelli 2004; Katan 2011; Zwischenberger 2011) indicate that women make up most of the professionals working in the translational professions, but little academic attention has been devoted to the question as to whether female and male interpreters have different attitudes towards their profession and their self-perceived status. Sociological studies on feminised professions suggest that women are generally underestimated in the workplace, which leads to them to perceive their status as lower compared to their male colleagues (Cortina/San Román 2006). To test whether this phenomenon was experienced by conference interpreters as well, the responses of a world survey (n = 805) were analysed, with a special focus on interpreters’ self-perception of the status, prestige and social value of their profession. The results showed that, when asked to evaluate their self-perceived status, there were hardly any differences between the scores obtained by female and male interpreters. However, major differences emerged when men and women expressed their opinions on the way they think their work is seen by laypeople, showing that female interpreters perceive their status as far lower than their male counterparts do. ","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81987784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Solidity and Professionalization of Translation: Turkey as a Case in Point 翻译的稳固性与专业化:以土耳其为例

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v0i58.111661

Volga Yılmaz-Gümüş

{"title":"Solidity and Professionalization of Translation: Turkey as a Case in Point","authors":"Volga Yılmaz-Gümüş","doi":"10.7146/hjlcb.v0i58.111661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i58.111661","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 This study sets out to describe the state of the translation (not interpreting) profession in Turkey, approached by means of indicators based on professionalization (university-based translator training, legal instruments introduced to regulate the market, and professional associations) and solidity of the profession (proportion of men vs. women, translation graduates working as translators, freelance vs. in-house translators, and commitment to the profession). The indicators are investigated by analyzing documents (such as Regulation on the Public Notary, the National Occupational Standards for translators and interpreters, and the Prime Ministry’s report on the translation profession in Turkey), as well as survey and interview data gathered from the graduates of university translation programs, representing freelancers, in-house translators, and language teachers. The increasing number of university-based translation programs, legal instruments and translator associations suggests that continuous attempts have been made to enhance the degree of professionalization in translation. On the other hand, quantitative analyses of a survey administered to translation graduates indicate that the proportion of female translators is overwhelmingly high, that graduates tend to work as freelance translators, but freelancing is mostly not their main role, and that the graduates mostly have a positive perception of training, but do not feel prepared to enter the market after graduation. The findings of document and empirical analyses show that all traits of an established profession are still not present in translation while significant steps have been taken on the way to solidity and professionalization. ","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87166537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Negotiating the Boundaries of Professional Subtitling. The Case of Finnish Subtitlers and Their Online Community 协商专业字幕的界限。芬兰字幕商及其网络社区的案例

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111674

T. Tuominen

{"title":"Negotiating the Boundaries of Professional Subtitling. The Case of Finnish Subtitlers and Their Online Community","authors":"T. Tuominen","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111674","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 In recent years, the Finnish subtitling field has undergone significant changes, which have caused instability in subtitlers’ working conditions. Subtitlers have responded to these changes by working together towards a more unified professional community. One important means in these efforts has been an active online presence consisting of, among other things, a website and a blog. The subtitlers’ online presence could be characterised as an element of a “professional project” (Tyulenev 2014: 68–69), an attempt to institutionalise the profession and to search for social recognition. One aspect of a professional project is to draw the boundaries of the profession and to determine criteria for acceptance into the professional community. The definition of professional boundaries is a recurrent theme on the Finnish subtitlers’ website and blog. The subtitlers’ case therefore provides an enlightening example of how a heterogeneous professional field can attempt to improve its standing by determining its own boundaries. This article will explore how Finnish subtitlers define the boundaries of their profession on their website and blog, what criteria they present for inclusion in their professional community, and how exclusion from the community is expressed. The analysis will demonstrate that a number of professional practices, such as adherence to local subtitling traditions, are used as a way of determining the behaviour of a professional subtitler. As a consequence, the definition of professional boundaries emerges as a central argument in the subtitlers’ professional project, becoming a strategy for unifying the subtitlers’ community and advocating for a more stable status.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79301812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

To Protect or Not to Protect: Finnish Translators’ Perceptions on Translator Status and Authorisation 保护还是不保护:芬兰译者对译者地位和授权的认知

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111673

M. Ruokonen

{"title":"To Protect or Not to Protect: Finnish Translators’ Perceptions on Translator Status and Authorisation","authors":"M. Ruokonen","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111673","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 In most countries, there are no restrictions on who is allowed to work as a translator, apart from the context of legally valid or authorised translations. Nevertheless, the significance of authorisation for translator status has hardly been studied, apart from Dam/Zethsen (2009, 2010). This article investigates how authorisation affects Finnish translators’ status perceptions, and whether they believe that the profession should be protected further, and if so, how and why. The data come from a survey conducted in 2014 with 450 respondents (business, literary and audio-visual translators), based on Dam/Zethsen’s questionnaires and expanded and adapted for the Finnish context. The analysis is partly quantitative and statistical, partly a qualitative thematic analysis of the respondents’ open comments. Statistically, authorisation produced no significant differences in the respondents’ status perceptions. Similarly, in open questions on factors affecting translator status and measures that should be taken, few respondents mentioned authorisation or other professional boundaries. Nevertheless, when asked whether the profession should be protected, almost 60% of the respondents, particularly business translators who had attended translator training, advocated some form of protection, although they also emphasised that there should be flexibility to allow for translators with different backgrounds. The respondents were also more prone to call for protection if they held authorisation themselves, which may suggest that they feel authorisation does carry some value. ","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77592706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Boundaries Around, Boundaries Within: Introduction to the Thematic Section on the Translation Profession, Translator Status and Identity 周围的边界，内部的边界:介绍翻译职业、译者地位和身份专题部分

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-12-21 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I58.111655

Elin Svahn, M. Ruokonen, Leena Salmi

引用次数: 5

Levels of Explanation and Translation Expertise 解释和翻译专业水平

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106203

Gregory M. Shreve

{"title":"Levels of Explanation and Translation Expertise","authors":"Gregory M. Shreve","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106203","url":null,"abstract":"The observable activity of translation, the series of text comprehension and text production bursts we identify as translation, is the result of the activation of complex underlying cognitive systems. In the conduct of research it is often useful to approach such complex systems using a ‘levels of explanation’ framework. This paper considers David Marr’s (1982) three levels of explanation as they might apply to understanding translation and translation expertise more robustly. In cognitive translation studies to date, we have not really extended our understanding of expertise much past the second (algorithmic/representational) level in Marr’s scheme; we have failed to grapple as effectively as we might with the problem of how the second generation computationalist expertise constructs we adopted almost twenty years ago could be integrated with, for instance, connectionist neural network models of the mind, creating a third generation of expertise models. This paper offers some frameworks laying out how that end might be achieved using, for instance, symbolic connectionism and implementational connectivism. Further, it argues that given the overtly symbolic nature of translation language processing, cognitively-oriented translation scholars are uniquely suited to benefit from approaches that bridge the divide between symbol processing models and connectionist ones.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85886946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Fascinatin’ Rhythm – and Pauses in Translators’ Cognitive Processes 译者认知过程中的节奏与停顿

Hermes (Denmark) Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106192

Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Celia Martín de León

{"title":"Fascinatin’ Rhythm – and Pauses in Translators’ Cognitive Processes","authors":"Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Celia Martín de León","doi":"10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106192","url":null,"abstract":"The Monitor Model fosters a view of translating where two mind modes stand out and alternate when trying to render originals word-by-word by default: shallow, uneventful processing vs problem solving. Research may have been biased towards problem solving, often operationalized with a pause of, or above, 3 seconds. This project analyzed 16 translation log files by four informants from four originals. A baseline minimal pause of 200 ms was instrumental to calculate two individual thresholds for each log file: (a) A low one – 1.5 times the median pause within words – and (b) a high one – 3 times the median pause between words. Pauses were then characterized as short (between 200 ms and the lower threshold), mid, and long (above the higher threshold, chunking the recorded activities in the translation task into task segments), and assumed to respond to different causes. Weak correlations between short, mid and long pauses were found, hinting at possible different cognitive processes. Inferred processes did not fall neatly into categories depending on the length of possibly associated pauses. Mid pauses occurred more often than long pauses between sentences and paragraphs, and they also more often flanked information searches and even problem-solving instances. Chains of proximal mid pauses marked cases of potential hesitations. Task segments tended to happen within 4–8 minute cycles, nested in a possible initial phase for contextualization, followed by long periods of sustained attention. We found no evidence for problem-solving thresholds, and no trace of behavior supporting the Monitor Model. ","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77174603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2