{"title":"Online validity monitor for vehicle dynamics models","authors":"Stephan Rhode, J. Keler","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965162","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method to measure the degree of validity of vehicle dynamics models during run time in a computational efficient way. The method is called online validity monitor and is constructed as follows. First, the characteristic validation error distribution of a vehicle dynamics model is stored. Second, during run time, an error distribution is recorded via a circular buffer. Third, the distance between stored and run time error distribution is taken as a measure to detect if the model operates in its validated domain.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114107791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Over-the-air emulation of a two-path model for automotive LTE system performance testing","authors":"P. Berlt, C. Bornkessel, M. Hein","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965223","url":null,"abstract":"Over-the-air testing is, in combination with the concept of radio channel emulation, a feasible solution for the evaluation of automotive radio systems during every stage of development. Suitable and representative test scenarios need to be investigated, since it is impossible to completely test the multitude of potential radio environments, and real drive tests are very expensive, time consuming, and hardly reproducible. This paper proposes a basic two-path propagation model as a basis for performance testing because of its relevance in wireless communications and the potential to adjust worst-case transmission conditions. The model has been successfully implemented in our multi-purpose test facility. The implementation has been verified by interference measurements in the signal domain at RF level. Measured values compare favourably with expectation. Application oriented verification has been achieved by creating a functional LTE link in our shielded anechoic chamber and has been used to conduct end-to-end data throughput tests. The measured data throughput follows the expected interference pattern.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128433616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Signal Green Time Estimation Method for Connected Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Applications","authors":"Jijo K. Mathew, Howell Li, D. Bullock","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965059","url":null,"abstract":"Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) are becoming more integrated with traffic signal infrastructure for V2I applications, such as traffic light indication and automated driving. However, modern traffic signal controllers allocate green time using vehicle sensors and therefore the anticipated green time has significant stochastic variation. This study develops a methodology to characterize green time stochastic variation for actuated-coordinated operation. During the peak hours where the demand was highly consistent, green intervals can be predicted with high certainty. In contrast, during midday and late evening, stochastic variation increased significantly due to the varying arrival patterns and associated real-time responsiveness of the traffic signal controller. The statistical characterization methods presented in this paper are important for green light optimized speed advisory (GLOSA) and eco-driving, technologies that rely on having an accurate estimate of the beginning of green (BOG) and end of green (EOG). Prior knowledge on typical values of how early to stop or shutdown the vehicles at a traffic signal approach can significantly improve efficiency and manage emissions for CAV. The paper concludes with a proposed graphical performance measure chart that can be used by traffic engineers and automotive vendors to frame the discussion on traffic signal operation.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132533443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Data-based Approach to Predict the Response Time of Cloud-based Vehicle Functions","authors":"F. Milani, M. Foell, C. Beidl","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965217","url":null,"abstract":"Future vehicular applications require sufficient computing and storage resources. Actual on-board resources are limited and inadequate to deal with steadily increasing requirements. In order to overcome the computational limitation in vehicles, computing intensive functions can be offloaded to a cloud. The so-called cloud-based vehicle functions run in the cloud and utilize cloud capability instead of vehicle's on-board resources. The suitability of the vehicle functions for outsourcing to the cloud should be ensured in an early stage of development. Otherwise, shifting improper functions can lead to serious consequences for the vehicle control system. By the suitability analysis several criteria like functional safety, data dependency and response time should be considered. In this paper, we focus on the criterion response time and present a framework to predict the response time along a sample route.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of Mixed Platoons Consist of Automated and Manual Vehicles","authors":"Omer Orki, S. Arogeti","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965243","url":null,"abstract":"Platooning has a great potential for improving highway traffic flow. Platooning research focuses on fully automated platoons. However, in the near future traffic will be mixed and will consist of automated and manually driven vehicles. This work introduces a new concept of mixed platoons, i.e., platoons consist of automated and manual vehicles. In a mixed platoon the automated vehicles are controlled as part of the mixed traffic, using global sight on traffic. This way the mixed traffic flow can be optimized using the automated vehicles. The mixed platoons control developed in this paper implements the same control components that are used for automated platoons, but modifies them to suit mixed traffic environment. That is, a new Information Flow Topology (IFT) and new Distributed Controller (DC) are developed for mixed platoons using $mathcal{H}_{infty}$ control methods. Subsequently, a string stability analysis for a mixed platoon is shown, demonstrates the feasibility and potential of mixed platoons.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132143199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terry Fruehling, Abel Hailemichael, Corey A. Graves, J. Riehl, Eric Nutt, Rob Fischer, A. Saberi
{"title":"Architectural Safety Perspectives & Considerations Regarding the AI-based AV Domain Controller","authors":"Terry Fruehling, Abel Hailemichael, Corey A. Graves, J. Riehl, Eric Nutt, Rob Fischer, A. Saberi","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965197","url":null,"abstract":"Providing safety assurance for Automated Vehicle (AV) domain controllers which also complies with the growing list of functional safety standards is a challenging task. Compliance with these norms requires several steps during the safety life-cycle. A system definition is followed by the allocation of functional objectives to architectural elements. The safety analysis then includes the identification of safety goals and respective Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL - injury risk) assessments as required by the desired automation level. Finally, safety mechanisms are included to provide necessary fault coverage and ensure that safe modes and states are reached in the presence of system faults. The focus of this paper is to provide a methodical definition process of a hypothetical AV domain controller architecture. Our proposed process includes an assortment of typical functional objectives and attributes consistent with the Operational Design Domain (ODD) at automation levels 3, 4 and 5. The intent of this paper will be to ensure that the safety goals and requirements are completely and correctly stated at the start of the development process and then propagated accurately to the final design and implementation with-out omission.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133038046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nils Dreyer, Gerald Artner, M. Hein, F. Backwinkel, T. Kürner
{"title":"Evaluating Automotive Antennas for Cellular Radio Communications","authors":"Nils Dreyer, Gerald Artner, M. Hein, F. Backwinkel, T. Kürner","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965240","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular connectivity plays an important role for the future development of automated and connected driving and intelligent traffic. An internet connection based on a 5G network can offer new services as entertainment (media streaming) or traffic information for improved navigation and cruising. Development and testing automotive antenna designs is time consuming and expensive. An open question is the evaluation of different antennas within a realistic environment. To fill this gap and facilitate optimal antenna design we introduce three scoring indicators to compare automotive antennas for cellular mobile communications and estimate their performance. This approach can be applied both to measured data and simulation results. The indicators help to make decisions on the type of integrated antenna by considering throughput as well as network coverage.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114103817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improvement of Lane Keeping Assistance ADAS Function utilizing a Kalman Filter Prediction of Delayed Position States","authors":"Selim Solmaz, Georg Nestlinger, G. Stettinger","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8964916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8964916","url":null,"abstract":"In designing and implementing control systems, converting simulation based results to real life systems is often not straightforward and may need adaptation of the control approach to achieve similar performance levels to the simulation results. Such adaptations are usually required due to the fact that sensors and actuators have a number of imperfections such as delays, offsets and inherent noise processes. Here, such a problem in relation to the development of a lane keeping control algorithm is presented. An in-house developed lane keeping controller based on a high-fidelity simulation environment was planned to be transferred to a real demonstrator test vehicle. First tests showed significantly deteriorated and unstable performance results of the corresponding controller, which was due to sensor delays and actuator imperfections. After the diagnosis of the problem, an approach to mitigate these issues was undertaken by predicting the delayed sensor data utilizing a linear Kalman filter and an a-priori predictor. The Kalman filter and a-priori predictor design approach is based on a discrete-time version of the lane tracking model. The approach and the corresponding results were demonstrated using simulation and real vehicle implementation results that were evaluated in real driving conditions.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116125010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Responsibility-Sensitive Safety of Automated Vehicles with Reachable Set Analysis","authors":"P. Orzechowski, Kun Li, M. Lauer","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965069","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most critical, unsolved challenges for the introduction of automated vehicles is safety verification of planned trajectories. The most promising concepts approaching this topic are worst-case occupancy predictions based on reachable set analysis and the definition of Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) that formalizes dangerous situations and proper responses. Worst-case predictions result in over-conservative behavior while the RSS approach makes strong assumptions w.r.t. lateral and longitudinal behavior. Our contribution is a first step in bringing both worlds together, to benefit from respective advantages. First, we define RSS-motivated safe-states for merge and crossing scenarios, that ensure absolute safety towards leading vehicles, appropriate time gaps towards following vehicles in merging lanes and minimum clearance time of conflict zones with crossing lanes. We then show how to integrate these safety constraints in a trajectory and behavior planner using reachable sets and finally illustrate its usefulness in various simulative evaluations.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124595410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DigiCAV project: Exploring a Test-Driven Approach in the Development of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Ioannis Kyriakopoulos, P. Jaworski, S. Kanarachos","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE45908.2019.8965026","url":null,"abstract":"Testing & validation of high-level autonomy features requires large amounts of test data, which conventionally is achieved by accumulating miles on the road and dedicated proving grounds. This places an extreme burden not only on original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), but also on Tier 1 suppliers of CAV components, both in terms of cost and delivery time. To this end, multiple simulation platforms and techniques have emerged, such as hardware-in-the-loop testing methods, while the concept of co-simulation is gaining popularity as a more comprehensive solution for testing and validating CAVs. The aim of the DigiCAV project is to explore the feasibility of a co-simulation platform adopting a test-driven development approach for CAVs, by enabling a seamless testing and validation process across all stages of development, supporting a wide range of testing from model-in-the-loop of a CAV component all the way to vehicle-in-the-loop of a fully assembled vehicle on HORIBA MIRA's dedicated CAV proving ground test facilities. Furthermore, emphasis will be put on quality aspects such as testing accuracy, usability and protection of intellectual property rights. This paper introduces the DigiCAV project and disseminates results from its first deliverable focusing on capturing user requirements for the proposed simulation platform.","PeriodicalId":384049,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123709993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}