Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Capacitive Imaging for Powder Bed Fusion Metal Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Victor Macedo, André Barancos, M. Machado, T. Santos, Telmo G. Santos, Luís Filipe Soldado Granadeiro Rosado","doi":"10.58286/28140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This work evaluates the use of co-planar capacitive sensors to provide layer-wise imaging results for the Powder Bed Fusion quality control. A new sensor was designed together with a digital readout electronics which allowed for high-resolution localized measurements. The system was evaluated in different surface features produced by laser PBF with stainless steel 316 powder. Features were tested with and without the presence of the original powder with results showing that the powder presence masked the output for most of the features. This suggests that the ability of carrying charges within an alternating electrical field is similar between powder and the consolidated metal, and that, the concerning signal contribution is much higher than that caused by the conductivity difference between powder and consolidated metal.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130094906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Kissing Bonds in Adhesive Joints","authors":"M. Kornely, Julian Ehrler, J. Philipp, E. Stammen, K. Dilger, M. Kreutzbruck","doi":"10.58286/28226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Kissing bonds are critical defects in adhesively bonded parts. These defects result in a weak bonding in the interface region between the adherent and the adhesive. Unlike delaminations, kissing bonds induce a delicate change in contact properties. Thus, conventional non-destructive testing methods are not able to detect kissing bonds reliably. In this work various non-destructive testing techniques on kissing bonds were investigated. The manufactured kissing bond containing specimens were investigated with different non-destructive testing methods such as conventional ultrasound, aircoupled ultrasound, x-ray and shearography. Unfortunately, those non-destructive testing methods weren’t able to detect the kissing bonds dependably. On the contrary, the application of nonlinear ultrasound demonstrated the most reliable results in detecting kissing bonds. With this testing setup, the specimens were excited with a piezo shaker in a continuous wave mode and the vibration on the surface of the specimen was detected by laser Doppler vibrometry. After fast Fourier transform (FFT), a dramatic increase in the higher harmonic amplitudes were detected in an area with lower bonding force. The low adhesive forces lead to a higher nonlinearity of the kissing bond area, what results in substantial rise of the higher harmonic amplitudes. The measurements on the kissing bonds with their reduced adhesive force show a substantial rise of higher harmonic amplitudes, which makes it a suitable method for the detection of kissing bonds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129012924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided wave ultrasonic feature determination in Type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessels towards the digital twin","authors":"Bengisu Yilmaz, J. Heimann, S. Mustapha, A. Charmi, J. Prager","doi":"10.58286/28072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The digitalization of quality control processes and the underlying data infrastructures for safety relevant components, such as hydrogen pressure vessels, plays a significant role in the transition towards Industry 4.0. In the current safety regulations for hydrogen pressure vessels, there is no established concept for structural health monitoring. The development of a reliable structural health monitoring methodology for monitoring the structural integrity of pressure vessels enables a fast-forward transition from personnel- and costintensive recurring inspections, a.k.a. periodic maintenance, to predictive maintenance. In the work presented; we investigated the application of ultrasonic guided wave propagation to monitor and assess the condition of Type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV). A sensor network of fifteen piezo-electric wafers is placed on the carbon fibre reinforced composite cylinder. Five different artificial damage configurations are created by gluing two different weight blocks on three different locations. The database containing measured guided wave data sets is enriched by two different boundary conditions. We utilized an open-source software, openBIS labnotebook, to store and analyse experimental datasets. The guided wave ultrasonic signals were investigated and analysed by using commonly used ultrasonic features (e.g., amplitude, frequency, time of flight) as well as non-traditional time-series features (kurtosis, skewness, variance). The features were used to calculate damage index and the detection performance for the results has been evaluated. The results suggest that both traditional and non-traditional features assume significant importance in artificial damage detection. The future works will additionally involve the impacts of operational conditions, such as periodic pressure variations temperature loadings as well as material degradations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128861579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layer thickness measurement of ceramic systems with a numerical model for flash thermography","authors":"J. Frisch, L. Sripragash, M. Goldammer, C. Grosse","doi":"10.58286/28134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Thermography is a non-destructive testing technique which is non-contacting as well as imaging and therefore advantageous for delicate materials. It is more widely used for qualitative evaluation but can also provide data for a quantitative analysis when the heat source is actively controlled. With flash thermography, fast diffusion or conduction processes can be monitored, providing an effective method for the inspection of metals and thin coatings. Ceramic layered systems are used as thermal barrier coatings, for example on turbine blades. Gas turbines with such blades can be operated at higher temperatures, which leads to an increase in efficiency. To fully exploit this advantage, the properties and thickness of the coating must be within a predefined parameter range. Due to the challenging and hard to monitor manufacturing process, the coating must be examined afterwards. With the help of a numerical model using a finite difference solution, multiple material parameters such as thermal conductivity and layer thickness can be determined simultaneously with nonlinear regression fitting. During the research presented herein, a four-stepped sample of ceramic coatings on an Inconel steel basis is examined and the thermographic data analysed. After the thermographic measurements, the sample was cut, embedded in resin, and polished. The scanning electron microscopy images and measurements serve as the reference values to compare the extracted parameters to.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and geometry impact on defect detection and sizing","authors":"J. Veselá, Pavel Mareš, J. Brom","doi":"10.58286/28100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Increasing requirements to minimize the frequency and duration of shutdowns of nuclear power plants have led to the need to address the implementation of ultrasonic testing of welded pipe connections at operating temperature. In practice, the pipes are made of carbon and stainless steel. Laboratory ultrasound tests were performed on two types of test pieces with different geometry and with homogeneous and heterogenous welds. The measurement was done within a temperature range of 50°C to 200°C in increment of 50°C. The aim of the performed measurements was to verify the detection of artificial defects created by electric discharge machining (EDM) in the root area of the weld on the carbon steel side by a selected test system and an impact of the change in focal laws (FLs) due to temperature on sizing. Together with this was evaluated the influence of elevated temperature on the determination of defect dimensions and impact of the test system, including ultrasonic, cooling, and handling subsystems for detection, sizing and using in the limited space of nuclear power plants. An inspection procedure and a safe workflow were created ss part of the testing. Both procedures were necessary for testing at elevated temperatures from the point of view of occupational safety and for carrying out individual test steps to maintain the repeatability of testing. The inspection procedure was subsequently qualified.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"52 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126236489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Analysis of Pipe Wall Thinning based on Quantification of Ultrasonic Testing","authors":"Kantaro Ikeda, N. Yusa, T. Tomizawa, Haicheng Song","doi":"10.58286/28121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Piping in nuclear power plants is subject to corrosion and erosion caused by the interaction with fluids it carries. In order to prevent accidents such as pipe rupture, it is necessary to non-destructively inspect the thickness of the pipe wall and predict the remaining pipe life. In contrast, signals obtained by non-destructive inspection are affected by various uncontrollable and unknown factors, which will result in uncertainty in evaluating pipe wall thickness. Ignoring the uncertainty would lead to a large error in the pipe reliability assessment. Therefore, it is important to develop a reasonable pipe wall thinning management that can takes the uncertainty of non-destructive testing into consideration. Based on this background, this study aimed to develop a piping wall thinning prediction model that accounts for the uncertainty in evaluating pipe wall thickness and to evaluate its applicability to ultrasonic testing. At first, ultrasonic tests were performed to measure the thickness of specimens simulating flow accelerated corrosion. The results of the measurements were statistically analysed to obtain a mathematical model correlating the evaluated and true thickness. A numerical model to predict the reduction of wall thinning with its uncertainty is developed. Compared to the conventional method, the proposed method is able to predict wall thickness with high accuracy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126064663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning Based-Guided Wave Approach for Damage Detection and Assessment in Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels","authors":"A. Charmi, S. Mustapha, Bengisu Yilmaz, J. Heimann, J. Prager","doi":"10.58286/28079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28079","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The applications of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) in extreme conditions, such as storing hydrogen gases at very high pressure, impose new requirements related to the system's integrity and safety. The development of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system that allows for continuous monitoring of the COPVs provides rich information about the structural integrity of the component. Furthermore, the collected data can be used for different purposes such as increasing the periodic inspection intervals, providing a remaining lifetime prognosis, and also ensuring optimal operating conditions. Ultimately this information can be complementary to the development of the envisioned digital twin of the monitored COPVs. Guided waves (GWs) are preferred to be used in continuous SHM given their ability to travel in complex structures for long distances. However, obtained GW signals are complex and require advanced processing techniques. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly utilized as the main part of the processing pipeline to automatically detect anomalies in the system's integrity. Hence, in this study, we are scrutinizing the potential of using ML to provide continuous monitoring of COPVs based on ultrasonic GW data. Data is collected from a network of sensors consisting of fifteen Piezoelectric (PZT) wafers that were surface mounted on the COPV. Two ML algorithms are used in the automated evaluation procedure (i) a long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder for anomaly detection (defects/impact), and (ii) a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for feature extraction and classification of the artificial damage sizes and locations. Additional data augmentation steps are introduced such as modification and addition of random noise to original signals to enhance the model's robustness to uncertainties. Overall, it was shown that the ML algorithms used were able to detect and classify the simulated damage with high accuracy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"97 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114088598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Non-destructive Testing in Quality Control of Manufactured Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Components for the Automotive Industry","authors":"C. S. Proença, P. Morais, F. Salgueiro, Beatriz Correia, A. López, C. Kneissl, T. Petkov","doi":"10.58286/28126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The manufacturing of automotive components using aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) is progressively gaining a relevant place in the automotive industry. Due to the increasing competition in the automobile sector, there is a great need to supply efficient, stable, and high-quality products. Generally, following automotive standards is voluntary, which means that businesses and other organizations are not legally obliged to apply them. Nevertheless, in certain cases standards may facilitate compliance with legal requirements, such as those contained in European directives and regulations. IATF 16949:2016 is the current version of the IATF 16949 Standard and outlines the requirements an organization must maintain in their quality system for IATF 16949 certification. This new application of manufacturing Al-MMCs requires additional procedures to guarantee the quality of the components manufactured. Because the manufacturing process may generate various defects, such as cracks, voids, lack of fusion, inclusions, porosities, and other metallurgical aspects, non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques should be used for guaranteeing the quality of the components manufactured. The development of reliable NDT methods for aluminium metal matrix composite parts is thus a major challenge. This aspect is related to how NDT procedures need to be optimised or developed to address the singular structures of the processes, such as complex geometry, anisotropic material properties, special internal structures, and the presence of nanoparticles. The main objective of this work is to summarize and present the relevant potential of different NDT techniques used in quality control of manufactured Al-MMC components in the automotive industry, to be explorer in the European FLAMINGo project (Fabrication of Lightweight Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites and Validation in Green Vehicles). This study is very significant because the NDT techniques present different probabilities of detection of the defects, principally of the microdefects. \u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114189190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared Thermography testingduring the welding process","authors":"Sébastien Saint Yves, Oriane Fedrigo, J. Recolin","doi":"10.58286/28071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Metal parts assembly by welding processes requires the performance of post-fabrication\u0000\u0000inspection to ensure the integrity of the weld seams. These inspections are timeconsuming and require the completion of welding operations before being performed.\u0000\u0000Implementation of an \"in-situ inspection\" to adapt or stop the process during a drift of it\u0000\u0000would allow to obtain a gain in the immobilization of the parts, to improve the quality of\u0000\u0000the assemblies, and to make the welding processes more reliable. Online monitoring of\u0000\u0000many manufacturing processes is of real interest to guarantee the quality of manufactured\u0000\u0000products. \u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115274921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDT for qualification of space hardware made by additive manufacturing","authors":"C. Galleguillos, A. Periñán, S. A. González, F. Lasagni","doi":"10.58286/28124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) has been established as the preferable NonDestructive Testing (NDT) method to detect inner defects in Metal Additive Manufactured (MAM) parts such as porosity, inclusions, lack of fusion, etc. Moreover, the usage of this manufacturing technology has grown in the aerospace sector due to the establishment of quality standards and the current maturity of the manufacturing systems, processing route and means of inspection. For instance, the European Cooperation for Space Standardization has developed a specific standard (coordinated by the European Space Agency – ESA) for AM quality assurance, processing, and requirements in space applications (ECSS-Q-ST-70-80C) indicating that CT inspections shall be carried out especially for critical structural and functional components. Similarly, large OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) have developed their own standards considering CT as a mandatory NDT method in critical parts, but also other techniques such as Penetrant Testing (PT), Digital Radiography (DR) or visual inspection (VI) are also considered necessary to assure the quality of the components. This works presents diverse applications examples of different NDTs for hardware qualification: Titanium brackets for CHEOPS space missions; Aluminium helix antenna for PROBA3; Aluminium brackets for JUpiter ICy moons Explorer mission (JUICE), the last; or other aeronautic components like Aluminium fairings for the Clean Sky 2 IADP demonstrator, and structural Titanium flap fittings of the RACER helicopter. The aforementioned cases will be analysed not only from the execution of the inspection, but also from the application of different standards and requirements, specifically developed for AM or adapted to this novel manufacturing technology. \u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120993668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}