Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing最新文献

Scanning pulse phase thermography for surface defect detection in manganese steel turnout frogs 扫描脉冲相位热成像技术在锰钢道岔蛙表面缺陷检测中的应用

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28220

C. Tuschl, B. Oswald-Tranta, S. Eck, Peter Dornig

{"title":"Scanning pulse phase thermography for surface defect detection in manganese steel turnout frogs","authors":"C. Tuschl, B. Oswald-Tranta, S. Eck, Peter Dornig","doi":"10.58286/28220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Austenitic manganese steel is a commonly used material for railway turnout frogs due\u0000\u0000to its beneficial mechanical properties. In service, surface defects caused by rolling\u0000\u0000contact fatigue (RCF) can occur and need to be detected and assessed during\u0000\u0000maintenance intervals. In this work inductive scanning pulse phase thermography is\u0000\u0000used to localize these surface defects. During scanning the surface of the frog is heated\u0000\u0000(∆T<5K) with an air-cooled inductor. The surface temperature is recorded with an\u0000\u0000infrared camera. A registration target is also recorded in each frame of the image\u0000\u0000sequence. This method recognizes the movement in the sequence itself without external\u0000\u0000sensors. Furthermore, by using a registration target it is also possible to scan manually,\u0000\u0000as motion speed is calculated frame by frame. For the evaluation, the recorded sequence\u0000\u0000is transformed such that the turnout frog and the registration target seem to be\u0000\u0000stationary. In this new sequence the temporal changes in temperature of each pixel of\u0000\u0000the surface are evaluated by Fourier transform to a phase image. The evaluation via\u0000\u0000phase image is known to be robust to negative effects such as inhomogeneous heating\u0000\u0000and emissivity. This work aims at developing a mobile prototype, which allows service\u0000\u0000personnel to use scanning pulse phase thermography to localize and characterize surface\u0000\u0000defects on manganese steel turnout frogs during maintenance.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125286420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Detection of barely visible impact damage in composite plates using non-linear pump-probe technique 利用非线性泵-探针技术检测复合材料板的微可见冲击损伤

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28112

G. Ribay, O. Mesnil, Robin Noury, Rafik Hadjria, Oscar D'almeida

{"title":"Detection of barely visible impact damage in composite plates using non-linear pump-probe technique","authors":"G. Ribay, O. Mesnil, Robin Noury, Rafik Hadjria, Oscar D'almeida","doi":"10.58286/28112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28112","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the last decades, composite materials have been increasingly used in aircraft structures as a mean to reduce the weight. For safety reasons, periodic checks of impact-induced damage need to be performed. In that framework, ultrasound non destructive testing has proven its ability to detect macro-defects such as delamination. However, at early stages, Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) may not be detected via linear ultrasound techniques. In recent years, non-linear ultrasound has gained traction for the inspection of such defects. However, detection of the weak non-linear defect signature buried in ambient noise remains challenging, and depends on an empirical choice of excitation frequencies. This study focuses on the evaluation of a non-linear pump probe ultrasound inspection technique applied to BVID in multilayer carbon fibre reinforced composites used in aeronautics. In particular, the influence of various experimental parameters on the measured non-linear response is studied. A low frequency pump wave (via a shaker) and a high frequency wave (via a piezoelectric transducer) are transmitted to the medium while a second transducer records the ultrasonic response. Both pump and probe waves are sent in the form of a few secondslong frequency sweep, in the audible and ultrasonic range respectively. Appropriate post processing is then applied to the recorded signals to retrieve the non-linear response of the defect. The procedure is repeated on several composite plates with and without impact damages. The nonlinear response appears in the form of modulation sidebands in the frequency spectrum of the post-processed signals. The relative amplitudes of the side bands obtained for the various samples with various defect sizes and excitation amplitude or frequency content are studied. Optimal experimental parameters were obtained and led to a good detection of defects. The limits of the method are also discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116402429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of ultrasound wave path estimation to defect characterization capability in half-skip total focusing method 超声波路估计对半跳过全聚焦法缺陷表征能力的影响

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28202

Xiangyu Lei, H. Wirdelius, Johan E. Carlson

引用次数: 0

Non-destructive magnetic evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steels 先进高强钢显微组织和力学性能的无损磁评价

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28062

A. Martínez-de-Guerenu, F. van den Berg, M. Aarnts, C. Celada-Casero, D. Jorge-Badiola

{"title":"Non-destructive magnetic evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steels","authors":"A. Martínez-de-Guerenu, F. van den Berg, M. Aarnts, C. Celada-Casero, D. Jorge-Badiola","doi":"10.58286/28062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Because of more demanding mechanical properties in sheet steel products in the automotive industry, the use of multi-phase steels, capable of complying with those mechanical requirements, has been growing along the last decades. The non-destructive characterization of these steel grades, therefore, has become an active research line worldwide. In the present work, the magnetic characterization by magnetic hysteresis BH loops of various strip samples of industrially cold rolled and annealed DP800 (dual phase) and CP800 (complex phase) steels at several positions with varying processing temperatures in the coil length has been performed. In addition, a detailed EBSD characterization of the samples has allowed determining the fraction of the various microconstituents, namely, ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite. Finally, the mechanical characterization has been done through hardness and tensile tests on all the samples. All the results regarding these three aspects have been analysed carefully to extract likely relationships among them. Clear one-to-one linear correlations have been found between all these features, even though large variations in mechanical/magnetic properties and microstructures have been attained. Specifically, for volume fractions of bainite approximately between 15% to 75%, the yield and tensile strengths show a linear correlation with the coercive field, Hc. Thus, the coercive field may be a candidate to become a parameter for the prediction of the mechanical properties if a previous calibration is performed on these steel grades with multi-phase microstructures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129342038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phased array probes for air-coupled ultrasonic testing based on cellular polymer 基于蜂窝聚合物的空气耦合超声检测相控阵探头

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28073

M. Gaal, Daniel Hufschläger, Dirk Gohlke, M. Weise, Detlef Ilse, W. Hillger, A. Szewieczek

{"title":"Phased array probes for air-coupled ultrasonic testing based on cellular polymer","authors":"M. Gaal, Daniel Hufschläger, Dirk Gohlke, M. Weise, Detlef Ilse, W. Hillger, A. Szewieczek","doi":"10.58286/28073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Air-coupled ultrasonic testing is an established alternative to conventional ultrasonic methods for testing of light-weight components in aerospace and automotive industry. Compared to direct coupled contact technique or immersion technique it is less invasive, so that it offers numerous financial incentives. While phased arrays are already an industrial standard in fluid-coupled mechanized ultrasonic testing, air-coupled testing is usually performed using two single-element probes and a transmission technique. Therefore, advantages of phased arrays such as active focussing and manipulation of the incidence angle are rarely used with air-coupled testing. This paper presents a newly developed air-coupled phased array device with the emphasis on the characterization of the probes. The device consists of a linear array probe, a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The main novelty is that the array probe is based on high-voltage excitation of charged cellular polypropylene. Charged cellular polymers are referred to as ferroelectrets or as piezoelectrets. They exhibit an extremely low stiffness and acoustic impedance, so that a matching layer is not necessary. Extremely low mechanical cross-coupling enables independent excitation of the elements of the array. The development of the phased array probes is supported by computations of the sound field using point source synthesis. The main intended applications are transmission with focussing, transmission with an electronic sweep and testing with air-coupled guided waves by using beam steering, applied to carbon-fibre-reinforced plates and similar materials. Air-coupled guided waves enable testing of objects with one-sided access. This work was funded from the “Technologietransfer-Programm Leichtbau” by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, project 03LB1001A.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123155008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generative Synthesis of Defects in Industrial Computed Tomography Data 工业计算机断层扫描数据缺陷的生成合成

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28078

Robin Tenscher-Philipp, Tim Schanz, Yannick Wunderle, Philipp Lickert, M. Simon

引用次数: 0

Estimating manufacturing parameters of additively manufactured 316L steel cubes using ultrasound fingerprinting 利用超声指纹技术估算增材制造316L钢立方体的制造参数

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28214

Shafaq Zia, J. Carlson, Pia Åkerfeldt, Pragya Mishra

{"title":"Estimating manufacturing parameters of additively manufactured 316L steel cubes using ultrasound fingerprinting","authors":"Shafaq Zia, J. Carlson, Pia Åkerfeldt, Pragya Mishra","doi":"10.58286/28214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Metal based additive manufacturing techniques such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)\u0000\u0000can produce parts with complex designs as compared to traditional manufacturing. The\u0000\u0000quality is affected by defects such as porosity or lack of fusion that can be reduced by\u0000\u0000online control of manufacturing parameters. The conventional way of testing is time\u0000\u0000consuming and does not allow the process parameters to be linked to the mechanical\u0000\u0000properties. In this paper, ultrasound data along with supervised learning is used to\u0000\u0000estimate the manufacturing parameters of 316L steel cubes. Nine cubes with varying\u0000\u0000manufacturing parameters (speed, hatch distance and power) are examined with\u0000\u0000ultrasound using focused transducers. The volumetric energy density (VED) is calculated\u0000\u0000from the process parameters for each cube. The ultrasound scans are performed in a dense\u0000\u0000grid in the built and transverse direction. The ultrasound data is used in partial least square\u0000\u0000regression algorithm by labelling the data with speed, hatch distance and power and then\u0000\u0000by labelling the same data with the VED. These models are computed for both\u0000\u0000measurement directions and as the samples are anisotropic, we see different behaviours\u0000\u0000of estimation in each direction. The model is then validated with an unknown set from\u0000\u0000the same 9 cubes. The manufacturing parameters are estimated and validated with a good\u0000\u0000accuracy making way for online process control. \u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117291715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive ultrasonic rail wheel testing system with advanced phased array technology 采用先进相控阵技术的自适应超声轨道轮检测系统

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28131

T. Würschig, Andreas Franzen, Frank Henrix, P. K. Chinta, Daniel Werner, F. Kahmann

{"title":"Adaptive ultrasonic rail wheel testing system with advanced phased array technology","authors":"T. Würschig, Andreas Franzen, Frank Henrix, P. K. Chinta, Daniel Werner, F. Kahmann","doi":"10.58286/28131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28131","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Non-destructive wheel inspection by means of ultrasound testing (UT) is crucial for highspeed, local or cargo trains. Any failure can lead to catastrophic events resulting in high material damage and personal injury or even fatalities. However, the inspection of train wheels is complicated due to different defect positions, which are to some part difficult to access, and a large variety of wheel geometries which are, moreover, influenced by the milage of the wheels. This article describes an industrial solution for the full-body inspection of train wheels including face, flange, web and tread. To cope with the high complexity of the inspection task, the Krautkrämer WheelStar implements advanced UT technologies in combination with a high automatization level and user-friendly controlling and inspection tools. In the first part of this article, general probe configurations and the benefits of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT), in particular the use of matrix probes, will be discussed. Afterwards, setup and evaluation software of the testing machine will be presented. The final part contains selected measurement results highlighting the testing capabilities. Comparative studies reveal the improvements of matrix probes. Moreover, it will be shown in which way these give access to new features such as a high precision coupling check or geometry measurements allowing a compensation of wheel wear or the identification of the wheel type (“smart probe”).\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"51 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132879282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction of a certification procedure for the acoustic response of reference reflectors for ultrasonic testing 介绍超声检测参考反射器声响应的认证程序

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28097

T. Würschig

{"title":"Introduction of a certification procedure for the acoustic response of reference reflectors for ultrasonic testing","authors":"T. Würschig","doi":"10.58286/28097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article describes a certification procedure which includes both the qualitative and quantitative characterisation of the acoustic response of reference reflectors. It is dedicated to one-dimensional reference defects such as notches or side drilled holes but can be generalized also to two-dimensional reflectors such as flat bottom holes. At the beginning relevant measured quantities are introduced. This includes the defect homogeneity and the effective defect length which are extracted from the acoustic reflection profile. Afterwards, a setup for the performance of certification measurements is shown and the overall procedure is described. All results are summarized in a standardized protocol. At the end, the reference certification in the daily use is discussed. Due to the large database a statistic evaluation can be presented. It shows that a significant percentage of references do not fulfil the given quality criteria. The importance of a quality monitoring at different time periods is illustrated with an example of a reference notch where measurements before and after commissioning revealed a significant quality degradation. Finally, the presented method can serve as basis for updates of common standards with respect to a more complete specification of reference reflectors which will be needed due to the increasing demands on the accuracy of ultrasonic testing systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132744053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Total Focusing (TFM) for the Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of drawn arc stud welding 拉弧螺柱焊超声检测的全聚焦技术

Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.58286/28174

C. Romito, A. Hörtnagl, Marco Induti

{"title":"Total Focusing (TFM) for the Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of drawn arc stud welding","authors":"C. Romito, A. Hörtnagl, Marco Induti","doi":"10.58286/28174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28174","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article describes the results obtained applying ultrasonic testing (UT) with phased arrays (PAUT) using full matrix capture (FMC) and total focusing method (TFM) for the inspection of drawn arc stud welding. Weld studs are usually directly applied on the top of a metal slab using a dedicated welding gun. This procedure involves heating the end tip of the stud using a strong electric arc created by a positive electric current. This welding procedure shall comply to various normative requirements, but on the other side there is not a clear reference to any applicable non-destructive method (NDT) to control the quality of the weld seam. Shear connectors are normally used in concrete/steel composite structures to allow the combined action of the concrete slab and the steel profile thereby increasing both the stiffness and strength of the structure. Flaws in this connection would result in severe bending and cracking of the entire structure. This article proposes an advanced UT method to inspect the weld between shear connections and metal slab using FMC. Data acquired with FMC are processed by TFM algorithms improving image resolution, signal to noise performances and allowing 3D data imaging. The combined use of PAUT searching units and signal processing with high resolution measurement shows a great potential in industrial NDT applied to civil engineering, resulting in a more effective, reliable, and faster inspection methodology than many other methods, such as radiographic testing (RT).\u0000","PeriodicalId":383798,"journal":{"name":"Research and Review Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129721245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0