2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market最新文献

{"title":"Is the electric vehicle a solution for the wind power integration in the Portuguese power system?","authors":"E. Carvalho, J. D. de Sousa, M. Neves, S. Faias","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254671","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of Plug-in electric vehicles in the transportation sector has a great potential to reduce oil dependency, the GHG emissions and to contribute for the integration of renewable sources into the electricity generation mix. Portugal has a high share of wind energy, and curtailment may occur, especially during the off-peak hours with high levels of hydro generation. In this context, the electric vehicles, seen as a distributed storage system, can help to reduce the potential wind curtailments and, therefore, increase the integration of wind power into the power system. In order to assess the energy and environmental benefits of this integration, a methodology based on a unit commitment and economic dispatch is adapted and implemented. From this methodology, the thermal generation costs, the CO2 emissions and the potential wind generation curtailment are computed. Simulation results show that a 10% penetration of electric vehicles in the Portuguese fleet would increase electrical load by 3% and reduce wind curtailment by only 26%. This results from the fact that the additional generation required to supply the electric vehicles is mostly thermal. The computed CO2 emissions of the EV are 92 g CO2/kWh which become closer to those of some new ICE engines.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European regulating power market operation: Reserve requirement levels for wind power production","authors":"S. Jaehnert, G. Doorman","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254723","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources in today's European hydro-thermal dominated power system will challenge its future operation. In Northern Europe wind power production is expected to contribute the main share to renewable energy sources. Wind forecasting and its inherent forecast error lead to increasing system imbalances. This will require higher production flexibility and more regulating reserves in the system, to ensure its secure and efficient operation. A model of the Northern European power market, including a 2010 and a 2020 scenario, is used to assess the impact of the wind forecast error and the level of reserves, which are required in the system. The analyses show an enormous increase of system imbalances up to 2020 and thus socio-economic costs, which occur in the regulating power market. Rather low requirement level turn out to be most cost effective. However, in 2010 as well as 2020 highest savings can be achieved by the integration of national regulating power markets, concurrently leading to an increased system security.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129528246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fractional cointegration analysis of European electricity spot prices","authors":"M. Houllier, L. M. de Menezes","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6401933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6401933","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies that tested for integration of European electricity spot markets employed standard unit root tests. This study extends the existing literature about electricity market integration by adopting a fractional cointegration analysis and providing empirical evidence that the classical unit root test framework, which tests for common stationary trends, may be inadequate because of long range dependencies in electricity spot prices. Hourly data from APX-ENDEX (UK and Netherlands), EPEX (Germany, Switzerland), Nordpool (Finland, Denmark, Norway) and Powernext (France) are employed between January 2009 and April 2011. Results based on parametric fractional ARIMA models suggest that long memory and cointegration in some but not all markets exists. Germany and the Netherlands seem to share the strongest cointegrating relationship. France and Germany as well as France and the Netherlands also share a common stationary trend. Hence, price shocks can be lasting and the EU policy goal of market integration is yet to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133067895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of disaggregated load profiles and construction of a proxy-microgrid for modeling purposes","authors":"M. Zeyringer, D. Andrews, E. Schmid, J. Schmidt, E. Worrell","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254816","url":null,"abstract":"Expanding the deployment of small scale renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaic has implications on how much of consumers' load has to be supplied by the electricity grid. The actual impact depends on the local resource potential as well as on the specific regional composition of consumers. It is therefore important to take into consideration geospatial aspects when modeling energy systems. However, both spatially explicit renewable energy supply data as well as spatially disaggregated load profiles are often unavailable. Hence, we propose a methodology which combines statistical data on the distribution of electricity consumers with standardized load profiles. We estimate the demand load profiles for the distribution grid on a grid cell level of one square kilometer. Due to lack of data on the actual distribution grid, we generate proxy-microgrids representing the distribution grid by using a heuristic which matches the known number of distribution grid transformers to grid cells. We apply the methodology to the Austrian region of Vorarlberg. It will enable researchers to use the results generated as an input into energy system models studying the integration of renewable energy technologies. In order to validate the methodology we estimate the load profiles for whole Austria and compare it to real data. The modeling approach can reproduce historically measured load profiles and the number of transformers in the distribution grid.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"499 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133080053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electricity market model with starting-up, shutting-down and commitment variables","authors":"A. Delgadillo, J. Reneses, J. Barquín","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a perfect competition model of an electricity market that takes into account the starting-up, shutting-down and commitment variables. These variable are modeled through binary variables. The use of binary decision variables makes the cost functions discontinuous and dual variables questionable as equilibrium prices. If the market prices were set to the value of the dual variables, some units could have operational losses; and these units would rather not to enter in the market. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a methodology that find the market solution using a cost minimization problem. The cost-minimization problem is first solved taking into account the integratility of the binary variables, and then it is solved relaxing the binary variables. A third optimization problem is used to eliminate the differences between both solutions. This methodology can be seen as a stylized representation of sequential markets. Finally, the proposed methodology is validated through a numerical example.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115443578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good standards for smart meters","authors":"R. Hoenkamp, G. Huitema","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254820","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines what lessons can be learned from the rollout of smart meters in the Netherlands to improve the European smart meter standardization. This study is based on the case of the Dutch meter rollout which preparations started in 2005 but finally was delayed until 2011 by governmental concerns about privacy infringements. The focus of our study lies on how the public interests were represented in this case and how these were taken into account during the standardization process. From this case it becomes clear how technological and commercial interests dominated the process while public interests such as the production of renewable energy were ignored. Many privacy aspects that caused the delay in the Dutch case might be repeated on a European level as well, as these aspects are part of EU approach too. This situation can harm the progress in the smart meter rollout, as well as invoking public rejection of the smart meter, since public concerns are ignored in the architecture of the meter. In this paper we will show that these issues can be dealt with by applying existing EU principles of good governance. In particular these principles are intended to ensure a proportional balancing of interests between stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124089548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission network expansion planning in the competitive environment, A reliability based approach","authors":"S. Hosseini","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254719","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission network plays a pivotal role in the liberalised power markets. In fact, the necessary fair environment due to competition for the participants in the power market would be provided only by a suitable and well-designed transmission network. In this context, transmission network expansion planning studies play an important role to optimally address this issue. Although extensive studies have been done in this area, each has its relative strengths and weaknesses depending on the scope of the study reflected on the objective function of the planning problem. The objective function of the transmission network expansion planning proposed in this study is to minimize the expected value of interruption cost in the network for different consumer segments, while satisfying the security constraints of the system, i.e. - transmission lines capacity, generation capacity, and upper and lower bounds of bus voltages. The solution is to improve the transmission network reliability taking into account the rate of uncovered consumer segments due to the lack of transmission capacity and finding the optimum alternatives of the transmission network expansion. The proposed methodology includes two steps as; Finding the existing candidates for transmission network expansion contributing to improve the transmission network reliability and Analysing the selected candidates for optimality according to the proposed objective function. The IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE RTS) considered as a case study. Results show that the industrial customers, which have higher interruption costs in comparison to the household loads, require higher reliability levels and more redundancy.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124433433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative energy market as system integrator of decentralized generators","authors":"R. Hollinger, T. Erge","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254718","url":null,"abstract":"Replacement of conventional power plants by RES generation requires future involvement of the new generators also in the fields of power balancing and ancillary services. Nowadays, small and medium-size CHP as decentralized generators with a significant potential for demand driven electricity production do not provide such services in most European countries. In contrary: implemented incentives like flat rate feed-in tariffs promote an arbitrary or continuous production. In the course of the development of Smart Grid technologies, these small, decentralized generators will get incentives to produce electricity on demand and therefore take part in balancing. Furthermore, a rising participation in reserve markets and further system services is likely. The German pilot project eTelligence realized a sustainable energy supply system with a regional energy marketplace as key element. The integrative approach developed within the project has been tested in practice in a field test in 2011. Amongst a larger number of private customers, PV and wind generators and large controllable loads, a number of medium-size CHP became participants of a regional energy market in Cuxhaven selling all electricity to the market while serving the needs of local thermal loads. The project showed that intelligent market participation can replace feed-in tariffs with limited technical effort. The analysis of the field test shows the significance of the marketing and forecasting risk for decentralized generators within the approach. Nevertheless, the results prove the functionality of the marketplace approach to raise the potential benefit for CHP operators as well as the increased system integration as compared to conventional mechanisms for the promotion of distributed CHP.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124783578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A market game for the new gas balancing market in Italy","authors":"A. Motz, R. Galletta, C. Checchi","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254751","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of a market-based balancing system can be particularly complex in those countries where the spot market is not transparent or does not provide sufficient liquidity for the Transmission System Operator's flexibility needs. This is indeed the case for Italy: this paper provides an experimental analysis of the balancing market to be launched in Italy within the outlined framework. Through a market game involving professional players, the authors test the reliability of the new balancing market and the likelihood of the convergence of its prices towards the spot market's prices. The experiment sheds some light also on the possible strategies to be implemented on the new market, and highlights eventual unexpected outcomes connected to the market design.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121759204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping to find the ”missing money”: Semi-lagrangean approach applied to electricity markets with payments for engaged capacity","authors":"V. Araoz, K. Jørnsten","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254654","url":null,"abstract":"One peculiarity of the wholesale electricity market that seems persistent across some market designs is the ”missing money” problem. This problem appears when generators do not recover their costs given the market price of electricity. The ”missing money” problem may be in part due to the pricing and payment mechanisms set in place. Competitive forces should set the price of a commodity to the marginal cost of the marginal unit producing the good if the functions are convex. However, electricity markets are characterised for having non-convex function due to the generators' minimum and maximum outputs constraints, start up and shut down costs, amongst other characteristics. Therefore, uniform marginal price schemes will not always create market-clearing price. Under this scheme, not all the generators will cover the costs incurred in production. Different recovery mechanisms have been proposes, but the case of the ”missing money” is still a challenge these days, especially in pool-based markets. A possible solution is to price for capacity as well as for the electricity. Capacity markets have developed, and they still are in progress. And although some authors are not supporters of capacity payments and capacity markets, some others have shown the need for capacity payments and suggested a design for its market. This paper contributes to the growing literature in capacity pricing by suggesting a new approach to obtain electricity prices and capacity prices for the plants engaged into production. This approach applies the semi-Lagrangean methodology to an expanded Unit Commitment and Dispatch Problem. The expanded problem includes an extra constraint that sets the total capacity engaged to its optimal value. The new semi-Lagrangean problem is solved by using a subgradient approach. We obtain a set of prices for electricity and capacity that are high enough to cover the generators' costs, as well as sending the right signals to the market, and producing efficiently at a minimum costs. We believe that the excess revenue obtained with this approach can be used as a guide to future investment, and as a consequence, can help to find the ”missing money”.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123960596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}