Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.24
Firmanda Taufiq
{"title":"The Future of Turkey - United States Relations","authors":"Firmanda Taufiq","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout 2018, relations between Turkey and the United States seemed to deteriorate. The leaders of the two countries issued sharp diplomatic statements and the US even imposed economic sanctions on Turkey. This article aims to analyze how the future of relations between Turkey and the United States. Cooperation between the two has a long historical side after the Cold War. Relations between the two countries are based on various interests, both economic, political, military and security interests. The theory used in this study is the theory of national interest. The US has great interests in the Middle East and Turkey is the front-line ally in achieving those interests. However, there are many US foreign policies that ignore the Turkish concern and create tensions between the two countries. On the contrary, Turkey also has considerable economic interests, but the role of the government elite (in this case, President Erdogan) has a significant influence in the determination of Turkish foreign policy. The findings of this study, although it will go through complex challenges and processes, the US and Turkey will continue to maintain their relations.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132490945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I2.28
Purkon Hidayat
{"title":"Global Politics and Religious Ethics Discourse: Between Tabatabai and Hamka","authors":"Purkon Hidayat","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I2.28","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of global politics are increasingly complex. Various approaches commonly used to analyze these dynamics often fail to capture the essence of it so that new approaches are needed that take into account various dimensions, including ethics, which are starting to become a concern of related experts. Through Frost's approach to the important position of the normative paradigm in the study of International Relations, this article offers a discourse on religious ethics as the initial pioneering alternative thinking of political philosophy. In this article, the ethical theory of contemporary Iranian philosopher, Allamah Tabatabai, is explored with consideration that Middle Eastern geopolitics influenced the birth of this thought. The Tabatabai thought is elaborated with the idea of religious ethics from the great Southeast Asian thinker, Buya Hamka. The technical consideration for choosing these two figures is because there is a close interdisciplinary approach, namely interpretations, Sufism and philosophy. The study found a close link between the thought of Tabatabai and Hamka in religious ethics with global political issues. By carrying out further research, it is possible to elaborate this finding for developing the basis of the metatheory of Political Science and International Relations in Islamic perspective.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133060541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.26
Muhnizar Siagian, Tiffany Setyo Pratiwi
{"title":"Narcoterrorism in Afghanistan","authors":"Muhnizar Siagian, Tiffany Setyo Pratiwi","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of Afghanistan that dubbed The Golden Cresent is the birthplace of two global terrorist groups namely the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Nearly 70% of drug activity in Afghanistan has been strongly controlled by Taliban terrorist groups since 2007. Using narcoterrorism and non-traditional security threat conceptual frameworks, this article explains the dynamics of the development of opium production and trade in Afghanistan, the Taliban track record in the opium trade in Afghanistan and the opium trade as a non-traditional security threat in Afghanistan. This article uses descriptive analysis of data obtained from books, journals, and mass media. In this study, there are two important points that obtained. First, the opium business which is a source of funding for the Taliban group is one of the main causes of the continuing acts of terrorism in Afghanistan and a source of various transnational crimes. Second, the opium trade and terrorism are non-traditional security threats that occur due to a combination of opium trade and acts of terrorism which have implications for the internal and external areas of Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132654727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.16
Panji Haryadi
{"title":"Peran Muhammad bin Salman terhadap Perubahan Pilar Kenegaraan Arab Saudi","authors":"Panji Haryadi","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Arab Saudi memiliki empat pilar kenegaraan, yaitu: Keluarga Saud, Paham Wahhabisme, Minyak, dan Relasi dengan Amerika Serikat (AS). Pada tahun 2017, Muhammad bin Salman (MbS) diangkat menjadi putra mahkota oleh ayahnya sendiri, Salman bin Abdulazis. Sepanjang sejarah Arab Saudi hal ini belum pernah terjadi, biasanya putra mahkota merupakan saudara laki-laki dari raja yang sedang berkuasa. Peristiwa bersejarah lainnya adalah MbS melakukan langkah-langkah untuk mengubah tiga dari empat pilar tersebut. Perubahan pilar negara merupakan sebuah tindakan yang sangat beresiko tinggi, apabila gagal, maka konsekuensi terburuknya adalah keruntuhan negara yang bersangkutan.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124013121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.17
D. Yulianti, R. Sumadinata
{"title":"Terorisme di Suriah dan Implementasi Arms Trade Treaty","authors":"D. Yulianti, R. Sumadinata","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Perang Suriah yang telah berlangsung sejak tahun 2012 melibatkan distribusi senjata global kepada milisi-milisi bersenjata atau non-state actor (NSA) dengan nilai kapital yang sangat besar. Sementara itu, sejak 24 Desember 2014 Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) telah diberlakukan yang berisi larangan bagi negara-negara produsen senjata untuk mengekspor senjata kepada NSA yang diketahui melakukan genosida dan serangan langsung terhadap warga sipil. Dalam artikel ini penulis akan menjawab dua pertanyaan utama, pertama bagaimana profil NSA dalam konflik Suriah dan darimana sumber suplai persenjataan mereka; serta kedua, bagaimana dampak implementasi ATT terhadap proliferasi senjata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis teks kualitatif, yaitu menelaah dokumen-dokumen penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, dokumen ATT, dan pemberitaan media massa. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa ATT belum efektif dalam mencegah jatuhnya persenjataan ke tangan NSA sehingga perang di Suriah masih terus berlangsung.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125850464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.15
Rijal Mamdud
{"title":"Genealogi Gerakan Ikhwan Al Muslimin dan Al Qaeda di Timur Tengah","authors":"Rijal Mamdud","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Secara historis, munculnya terorisme yang dilakukan kelompok-kelompok Islamradikal di Timur Tengah berakar pada semangat perlawanan terhadap kolonialismeBarat pada awal abad ke-19. Ada dua gerakan yang memiliki pengaruh besardan menginspirasi kemunculan gerakan-gerakan serupa di Timur Tengah, yaituIkhwan Al Muslimin (IM) dan Al Qaeda (AQ). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkajiakar gerakan dari organisasi Ikhwan Al Muslimin dan Al Qaeda, serta bagaimanarelasi kuasa-pengetahuan yang terjadi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitianini adalah genealogi yang berupaya mengkaji aspek sejarah dan hubungannyadengan formulasi kuasa dan politik; serta teori Islamisme, yaitu menguraikanaspek ideologi Islam, gerakan politik Islam, serta aspek sosial-ekonominya. Temuanartikel ini menunjukkan bahwa IM dan AQ secara historis berakar pada gerakanperlawanan terhadap Barat. Pemikiran Sayyid Qutb menjadi inspirasi awal bagiradikalisasi aktivis IM, seperti Muhammad Faraj, Ayman Al Zawahiri, dan Osamabin Laden sehingga mereka membangun milisi yang lebih ekstrim, seperti Al Jihaddan Al Qaeda. IM pada awalnya adalah organisasi yang bergerak dalam bidangsosial dan akhirnya melibatkan diri dalam politik praktis. Metode gerakan Islamyang berbasis pendekatan budaya menjadikan IM diterima luas oleh masyarakatMesir, sehingga pernah berhasil menang dalam pemilu dan berada di lingkaranelit kekuasaan. Sebaliknya, AQ melakukan gerakan perlawanan terhadap Baratsekaligus pemerintah di negara-negara Muslim yang dinilai anti-Islam denganmetode teror, sehingga selalu marjinal dalam opini publik masyarakat Muslim.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129395545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.18
Kiki Mikail
{"title":"Perjanjian Nuklir Iran dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kepentingan USA-Israel di Timur Tengah","authors":"Kiki Mikail","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan tentang strategi politik USA-Israel ke negara-negara timur midlle. Setelah 39 tahun kemenangan Revolusi Islam di Iran, Iran menjadi negara yang berpengaruh, khususnya di Timur Tengah. Militer Iran melindungi terhadap penindasan militer Israel ke negara-negara timur tengah seperti Lebanon, Syiria dan Palestina, Iran menjadi mitra penting bagi beberapa negara timur tengah di satu sisi, dan menjadi musuh bagi Israel dan sekutu di sisi lain. Pergantian presiden AS dari Barack Obama ke Donald Trump setelah pemilihan, adalah Pemilihan Presiden yang paling dramatis dalam sejarah Pemilihan Presiden ASKesepakatan nuklir Iran yang terkenal dengan nama JCPOA hampir final dan selesai selama Presidensi Barack Obama, telah digunakan sebagai momentum Israel untuk menyerang Iran dan meminta AS dan sekutunya untuk menekan Iran dan mempertimbangkan hukuman baru dan berusaha untuk menghukum beberapa perusahaan dan individu dari Iran dan Amerika Serikat telah memberlakukan beberapa sanksi non-nuklir baru terhadap Iran.Namun, Uni Eropa khususnya Prancis, Jerman dan Inggris memiliki kepentingan strategis dalam bergantung pada kesepakatan nuklir Iran. Hubungan bisnis telah ditandatangani antara Pemerintah Iran dan beberapa perusahaan Uni Eropa dan Uni Eropa yang khawatir melonjaknya harga minyak global, memaksa Uni Eropa untuk berpikir keras bagaimana menjaga JCPOA meskipun AS keluar dari JCPOA.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115535755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.11
Ahmad Muhdhor
{"title":"Menalar Asumsi Takfirisme","authors":"Ahmad Muhdhor","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini membahas paradigma yang selama ini digunakan oleh kelompok-kelompok teror yang mengatasnamakan Islam, yaitu takfirisme, yang memandang bahwa membunuh pihak lain yang dianggap kafir adalah sebuah tugas agama. Dalam artikel ini dibahas secara deskriptif kritikan Ḥātim al-'Awnī terhadap berbagai asumsi takfirisme. Dalam paparannya, al-'Awnī mengkritisi pembacaan teks wahyu dengan pendekatan tekstualis. Karena menurutnya, tekstualisme itulah yang mengantarkan mereka kepada pemikiran takfir klasik ala Khawarij. Sisi lain yang dikritisi dari asumsi takfirisme adalah overgeneralisasi dalam melihat tindakan seseorang yang menurut mereka mengindikasikan kekafiran. Menurut al-'Awnī, paling tidak ada dua variabel yang menjadikan vonis kafir menjadi tidak valid. Dua hal tersebut adalah ketidaktahuan dan takwil. Pelaku sebuah tindakan yang mengindikasikan kekafiran tidak layak dikafirkan jika yang ia lakukan berawal dari ketidaktahuannya. Demikian pula jika yang dilakukannya berawal dari interpretasi berbeda terhadap teks wahyu, vonis kafir terhadapnya menjadi salah alamat. Sisi lain yang terungkap dari pemaparan al-'Awnī adalah bahwa pemikiran takfirisme memang ada dalam rumusan para tokoh Wahabisme di Arab Saudi sejak era Muḥammad bin Abdul Wahhāb.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132191430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.10
Selvia Santi
{"title":"Terorisme Dan Agama Dalam Perspektif Charles Kimball","authors":"Selvia Santi","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Dalam artikel ini penulis berusaha menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, benarkah agama telah mendorong kelompok-kelompok teroris untuk melancarkan aksi-aksi teror mereka? Untuk menjawabnya, penulis akan menggunakan pemikiran seorang pakar perbandingan agama yang pernah bertugas di wilayah-wilayah konflik di Timur Tengah, yaitu Charles Kimball, yang tertuang dalam bukunya “When Religion Becomes Evil”. Kimball menggunakan pendekatan sejarah, budaya, dan politik dalam menelusuri kaitan antara agama dan aksi kekerasan. Ia pun mengindentikasi lima tanda yang perlu diwaspadai, yaitu tanda-tanda ketika pemahaman agama telah melenceng sehingga akan membawa bencana. Kelima tanda itu adalah klaim kebenaran mutlak, kepatuhan buta, membangun zaman ideal, tujuan menghalalkan segala cara, dan menyerukan ‘perang suci’. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa para pelaku teroris pada dasarnya hanya menggunakan agama sebagai alat pembenaran bagi tindakan mereka.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126583120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurnal ICMESPub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.9
Reza Bakhtiar Ramadhan, Irham Shofwan
{"title":"Terorisme di Mesir: Analisis Terhadap Narasi Terorisme Pasca Arab Spring","authors":"Reza Bakhtiar Ramadhan, Irham Shofwan","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V1I2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Sejak dimulainya Arab Spring, Timur Tengah menyaksikan terjadinya eskalasi aksi-aksi terorisme di Timur Tengah. Mesir bahkan memasuki zona darurat terorisme pasca lengsernya Muhammad Mursi dari kursi kepresidenan. Berbagai kelompok teror bermunculan di Mesir, di antaranya Anshar Bayt Al Maqdis yang kemudian bergabung dengan ISIS dan berganti nama menjadi Wilayat Sinai. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi kelompok-kelompok teroris tersebut dengan menggunakan teori instrumental dan organisasional. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa kelompok ABM merupakan transformasi dari kelompok teror yang sudah ada sebelumnya dan bisa berkembang berkat proses delivering benefits, afiliasi, kompetisi, rekrutmen anggota yang menggunakan doktrin agama dan memanfaatkan kondisi ekonomi dan politik di kawasan Sinai.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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