Jurnal ICMES最新文献

{"title":"Overview of Securitization in the Dynamics of Relations between Saudi Arabia and the Muslim Brotherhood Post-Arab Spring","authors":"Rifan Kalbuadi","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.79","url":null,"abstract":"Pada Maret 2014, Arab Saudi, melalui keputusan kerajaan, menetapkan Muslim Brotherhood (MB) sebagai organisasi teroris. Keputusan ini telah memengaruhi dinamika geopolitik Timur Tengah hingga hari ini karena Arab Saudi merupakan salah satu aktor kuat di kawasan. Penetapan MB sebagai organisasi teroris merupakan respons pemerintah Saudi atas keterlibatan MB dalam Arab Spring 2011 serta adanya dugaan Saudi mengenai keterlibatan MB dalam lengsernya Presiden Mesir Hosni Mubarak dan berbagai aksi protes anti-pemerintah yang menyebar di beberapa negara Timur Tengah. Saudi tidak selalu melihat MB sebagai sebuah ancaman. Ada masa ketika hubungan keduanya pernah berlangsung secara harmonis, sehingga dalam kasus ini telah terjadi pergeseran persepsi. Tulisan ini menganalisis fenomena tersebut dengan menggunakan Teori Sekuritisasi dengan memasukan komponen-komponen sekuritisasi sebagai kerangka analisis. Penulis berargumen bahwa semakin menguatnya MB dalam panggung politik Timur Tengah dengan upayanya menerapkan ideologi muslim modernis dan menawarkan demokrasi melalui sebuah revolusi merupakan penyebab pergeseran persepsi Arab Saudi terhadap MB.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126887649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perkembangan Keuangan Islam di Eropa","authors":"H. S. D. Nugrahani, Agung Permadi, Yulinar A. Masfufah","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.95","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini menganalisis implikasi kerja sama yang terjalin antara Inggris dengan Bahrain, khususnya lembaga keuangan internasional Al-Baraka, dalam mengembangkan perbankan Islam (syariah). Inggris merupakan negara non-Timur Tengah yang mengembangkan keuangan Islam sejak masuknya Al-Baraka International Bahrain pada tahun 1982. Pada saat ini, Inggris merupakan pusat bank Islam di Eropa dan memegang peran penting dalam sektor perbankan Islam. Studi ini menganalisis kebijakan Inggris dalam membuka Islamic Bank of Britain (IBB) dan proses kerja sama dengan Al-Baraka Bahrain dari sudut pandang hubungan internasional. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian kualitatif ini adalah Regional Security Complex. Konsep amity and enmity dalam Regional Security Complex digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana kerja sama tersebut dapat terjalin. Temuan dalam studi ini adalah bahwa Inggris merupakan pasar potensial dalam pengembangan perbankan syariah di Eropa dan kerja sama yang terjalin antara Inggris dan Bahrain dalam pengembangan perbankan syariah terjadi dalam dinamika amity and enmity. Di antara kedua pihak tidak hanya terdapat relasi persahabatan, namun juga ada kecurigaan Inggris terhadap lembaga keuangan Al-Baraka yang berpotensi menjadi lembaga keuangan yang dominan dan menggeser lembaga keuangan konvensional.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133943783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normalisasi Hubungan Uni Emirat Arab dengan Israel","authors":"Raden Mas Try Ananto Djoko Wicaksono","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.86","url":null,"abstract":"Uni Emirat Arab (UEA) dan Israel telah menandatangani kesepakatan normalisasi hubungan dalam sebuah perjanjian yang disebut Abraham Accord pada 15 September 2020. Hal tersebut menandakan bahwa sebelumnya kedua negara telah memiliki hubungan yang cukup baik dan memiliki jalinan rangkaian kerja sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa kepentingan UEA terhadap Israel dan bagaimana respons negara-negara Muslim lainnya terkait kesepakatan tersebut, yang tentu saja akan berdampak terhadap solidaritas mereka dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Palestina. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan perspektif realisme yang meliputi konsep kepentingan nasional, teori balance of power, dan konsep normalisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UEA memiliki kepentingan untuk memperluas kerja samanya dengan Israel di berbagai bidang, khususnya dalam bidang politik, ekonomi, dan keamanan. UEA membuat kebijakan ini karena merasa terancam oleh Iran dan karena adanya pandemi COVID-19. Kebijakan ini menuai respons positif dari Mesir, Yordania, Bahrain, dan Sudan; dan tanggapan negatif dari Oman, Iran, Turki, dan Qatar. Khusus bagi Palestina sendiri, hal ini menjadi sebuah pukulan berat bagi perjuangan kedaulatan negaranya.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133206806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CNN Effect in Yemen War","authors":"Hilal Kholid Bajri, Nugrah Nurrohman, M. Fakhri","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.30","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a study of the involvement of the United States (US) in the Yemeni War thas has already taken place since 2015 by using the 'CNN Effect' theory. The authors analyzed documents and mass media coverage and conducted discourse analysis on US mainstream media news, namely CNN and the New York Times. The result of this research shows that CNN and the New York Times did not report the Yemeni War proportionally so that public opinion ignored this war and did not encourage further action from the US government and United Nations to stop the war. This way of reporting is in line with US’ economic-political interests in Yemen and US support for the Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129346646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensions of The Tension of Sectarianism and the Challenges of Democracy in the Middle East After Arab Spring","authors":"S. Rahman","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.32","url":null,"abstract":"Gelombang Arab Spring pada awal 2011 yang melanda negara-negara Timur Tengah, dimulai dari Tunisia, Mesir, Libya, Bahrain, Kuwait, Arab Saudi, Yaman, dan Suriah menunjukkan kehendak rakyat Arab untuk meraih perbaikan dalam berbagai bidang, mulai dari ekonomi, sosial, hingga sistem politik yang terbuka dan demokratis. Setelah delapan tahun berlalu, beberapa negara masih terus melanjutkan proses demokratisasi, seperti Tunisia dan Mesir. Sebaliknya, di sejumlah negara, proses demokratisasi terhenti, seperti di Arab Saudi, Bahrain, dan Kuwait dan ada pula negara-negara yang terpuruk dalam perang berkepanjangan, yaitu Libya, Yaman, dan Suriah. Artikel ini membahas dua studi kasus untuk melihat bagaimana sektarianisme yang terjadi pasca Arab Spring, yaitu Tunisia dan Yaman. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis dengan metode deskriptif-analisis, penulis menemukan bahwa meskipun sektarianisme di Timur Tengah mempunyai akar sejarah yang panjang, dalam konflik-konflik Arab Spring sektarianisme telah digunakan oleh pihak-pihak yang berkonflik untuk mencapai kepentingan mereka masing-masing. Selama pihak-pihak yang berkonflik terus mengedapankan identitas politik dan sektarianisme, demokrasi sulit untuk ditegakkan.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124469204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict Resolution in South Sudan","authors":"Firda Rosyana Ra, W. Dermawan, Akim Ebih","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.44","url":null,"abstract":"Despite secession from northern Sudan and became an independent country since then, South Sudan is now experiencing turmoil with the civil war there. Violations toward international law cannot be ignored occurred there, which resulted in many innocent people being victims; of murder, expulsion, rape, kidnapping, and many more. Internal conflict that occurred in South Sudan has attracted international attention. These violations in internal conflicts pushed the international community to provide humanitarian assistance and other assistance as an effort to resolve the conflict. However, after several cease-fire attempts that enable to the peace agreement, conflict still continues. Therefore, the writer intends to explain about the causes, impacts, and solutions that have been carried out by the international world. Thus, here is also analyzed solution that has been done after meeting in Addis, Ethiopia, using integrative negotiation approach. The research found that the integrative negotiation approach can raise awareness between parties and enable peace agreements as it is based on justice and mutual understanding as the pillars of negotiation","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121146906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Military Intervention In The Middle East Security Architecture","authors":"Chairul Fajar, Asep Kamaluddin Nashir","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V3I1.41","url":null,"abstract":"Fluctuations in liquid security polarity and the likelihood of the agenda of interests have created a power contestation followed by security uncertainty in the Middle East. The eruption of the Arab Spring followed by conflict in Syria posed a threat to Russia's national interests by the potential collapse of Syrian government authority. Military intervention later became a step for Russia to overcome the potential threat. It is strongly believed that the Russian military intervention has obtained a number of achievements as well as from the game changer of the course of the war in Syria as well as the value of strategic advantages in the scope of the Middle East security order. In this study using the theory of regional security complex and military intervention. The results of this study found that Russian military intervention in Syria had expanded Russia's role in Syria and the Middle East as one of the important players who created variations in the power map in the region while thwarting the design of the US version of the Middle East security.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121260030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post JCPOA","authors":"Muhammad Halil Rahim","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v3i1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v3i1.42","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the effectiveness of U.S.’ coercive diplomacy policy towards Iran carried out through the (re)implementation of sanctions regime after its withdrawal from the so called multilateral agreement ‘JCPOA’ on 8 May 2018. Unsatisfied with the terms of the Agreement, the U.S. administration decided to pull out from the Agreement and immediately implemented sanctions regime against Tehran. Despite the significance of previous studies regarding U.S.’ implementation of sanctions against Iran, I did not found any study that used a specific theory to indicate factors or conditions favoring the success of U.S. sanctions against Iran. In particular, I did not found any literature that analyzes the effectiveness U.S.’ sanctions against Iran after its withdrawal from JCPOA using a specific theory. This paper will fill that gap in the literature by examining the case study using a theory-driven research. The Analytical framework that I apply in this paper is coercive diplomacy theory developed by Tom Sauer which I elaborate into five main variables: objective, demand, threat, time-pressure, and motivation. By examining those factors, this paper argues that U.S.’ coercive diplomacy policy against Iran has been ineffective because of the lack of U.S.’ calculation and considerations to the five variables.This paper analyzes the effectiveness of U.S.’ coercive diplomacy policy towards Iran carried out through the (re)implementation of sanctions regime after its withdrawal from the so called multilateral agreement ‘JCPOA’ on 8 May 2018. Unsatisfied with the terms of the Agreement, the U.S. administration decided to pull out from the Agreement and immediately implemented sanctions regime against Tehran. Despite the significance of previous studies regarding U.S.’ implementation of sanctions against Iran, I did not found any study that used a specific theory to indicate factors or conditions favoring the success of U.S. sanctions against Iran. In particular, I did not found any literature that analyzes the effectiveness U.S.’ sanctions against Iran after its withdrawal from JCPOA using a specific theory. This paper will fill that gap in the literature by examining the case study using a theory-driven research. The Analytical framework that I apply in this paper is coercive diplomacy theory developed by Tom Sauer which I elaborate into five main variables: objective, demand, threat, time-pressure, and motivation. By examining those factors, this paper argues that U.S.’ coercive diplomacy policy against Iran has been ineffective because of the lack of U.S.’ calculation and considerations to the five variables. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123177283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptance of the Muslim Brotherhood Transnational Social Movement in Turkey Post-Arab Spring","authors":"Nabhan Aiqani","doi":"10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/JURNALICMES.V2I2.23","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the acceptance of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) movement in the middle of Turkish society after the Arab Spring. After the turmoil of the Arab Spring, this movement has been banned in various countries, ranging from Egypt, Syria, Jordan, to Saudi Arabia. On the contrary, IM continues to grow in Turkey. This article analyzes this phenomenon by using the concept of three categorization of the emergence of transnational social movements until they are accepted in a country, namely environmental change, cognitive change and relational change. Environmental change in Turkey shows that Turkey is currently controlled by the AKP Party and it begun to look at the strategic Middle East region. Cognitive change explains the IM appreciative attitude towards the current Turkish government. Relational change shows that IM, which faces restrictions many countries, needs to look for other political opportunities so that its movement continues to exist, so in this case of IM, it chooses Turkey. Relational change categorization found the connection between a social movement and the elite in government which can be explained by the concept of elite alliances, where social movements and the ruling government share interests on the basis of ideological similarities and views.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115558244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indonesian Foreign Policy Towards Egypt Post-Husni Mubarak Administration","authors":"Deasy silvya Sari","doi":"10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.29","url":null,"abstract":"The article explains the change and continuity of Indonesian Foreign Policy toward Egypt post Husni Mubarak Administration. This issue is explored because after the administration of Husni Mubarak, Egypt experienced domestic political instability in the form of a government regime change in a short time, namely the election of Mursi as president through elections in 2011, the overthrow of Mursi, and the election of Al Sisi as new president in 2013 through elections. This article concludes that on facing some changes in Egypt post-Husni Mubarak, Indonesia did ‘the change and continuity’ in her foreign policy. The ‘change’ was done because of administration of Presiden Yudhoyono wanted to ensure the implementation of Indonesia's national interests, namely, the security of Indonesian citizens in Egypt, education programs, and the sustainability of Indonesia-Egypt trade relations. This change was motivated by bureaucratic advocacy and restructuring domestic agent on decision making of Indonesian government. The ‘continuity’ takes place in terms of Indonesia’s doctrine of foreign policy, namely ‘free and active policy’. 'Free policy’ was carried out impartially in the Egyptian conflict and ‘active policy’ was implemented by maintaining security, education, and trade cooperation with Egypt.","PeriodicalId":383581,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal ICMES","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125195363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}