Arkadiusz Rubiec, Mirosław Przybysz, M. Łopatka, Ł. Rykała, P. Krogul, K. Cieślik, R. Typiak
{"title":"Study on the Influence of an UGV Suspension System on Camera Motion of the Teleoperation System","authors":"Arkadiusz Rubiec, Mirosław Przybysz, M. Łopatka, Ł. Rykała, P. Krogul, K. Cieślik, R. Typiak","doi":"10.14313/par_252/53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/53","url":null,"abstract":"In the following article, the results of a study on the impact of the suspension system used in Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) on the kinematic excitation of cameras in teleoperation systems are presented. As indicated by preliminary reconnaissance studies, these excitations significantly affect the operator’s ability to perceive the environment and recognize images while driving. Currently, there is a lack of publications and guidelines in the literature regarding the design of UGV suspensions and their evaluation in terms of improving operator perception in teleoperation systems. The studies were conducted in a simulated environment using multibody systems, where various suspension structure variants were developed. The tests were carried out on the ISO 5008 rough test track. The evaluation of the tested suspension structures was carried out using a proprietary method, enabling parametric analysis and the selection of favorable solutions for improving image recognition by the UGV operator. Future research can focus on adjustment of the UGV suspension characteristics which could have significant influence on situational awareness and the operator’s ability to act effectively, especially during dynamic missions.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"48 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-selective Reference Surfaces for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in the Long-Wave Infrared Range","authors":"A. Ligienza, M. Kastek, T. Sosnowski, K. Firmanty","doi":"10.14313/par_252/107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/107","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the construction of reference surfaces with the desired spectral characteristics similar to a gray body. Using wooden plywood with a rough surface and coatings of various emissivity values, surfaces with non-selective spectral properties were created. The consistency of laboratory measurement results using a reflectance spectrometer with data obtained from a hyperspectral camera was confirmed. By utilizing multiple reference surfaces with precisely known emissivity characteristics, it will be possible to accurately determine the radiation components of the measured scene’s surroundings. Although the technology of these surfaces still requires improvement, their usefulness in remote sensing measurements is undeniable. Additionally, differences in response to solar radiation between various reference surfaces provide significant information that can be used in remote sensing and material identification. Incorporating the heating dynamics of the studied objects’ surfaces is crucial for accurate measurement modeling.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation of Spatial Terrain Using the Hermes Editor","authors":"Mateusz Tecław, Maciej Szłapczyński","doi":"10.14313/par_252/113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/113","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the Hermes route editor in the context of automating the process of creating three-dimensional terrain. The classic approach to this issue was described, the problems present in this process were defined, and then areas suitable for automation were proposed. The following sections present the steps necessary to obtain source data from external, publicly available suppliers, as well as tools for processing them in order to generate and process semi finished products (data tiles). The article discusses a number of problems encountered in the process of automatic generation of three dimensional models of buildings and areas, and also proposes and implements working software solutions. Finally, ways of synthesizing the generated and processed data into one coherent terrain model along with infrastructure elements and buildings were discussed.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Selected Calibration Methods for a Thermal Imaging Camera with a Cooled Detector Operating in the MWIR Range","authors":"Karol Erd","doi":"10.14313/par_252/45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/45","url":null,"abstract":"For accurate remote temperature measurement with a thermal imaging camera, it is necessary to perform radiometric calibration. This allows the radiative parameters of an object, and therefore its temperature, to be related to the response of the infrared detector observing it. The article presents the basic concepts related to radiometric calibration and various factors influencing its effectiveness. The most common calibration methods were also reviewed, and then two of them were implemented and compared on a specially constructed laboratory station, using proprietary software and equipped with a cooled infrared camera, operating in the MWIR range. The camera was calibrated in the temperature range from 20 °C to 50 ° C. The comparison of methods was carried out on the basis of a series of temperature measurements, analysis of absolute and relative errors, as well as analysis of the dispersion of the measured temperature values.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"38 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuning the Heading Controller for the Ship’s Autopilot","authors":"Zbigniew Świder","doi":"10.14313/par_252/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/5","url":null,"abstract":"Selected methods of PID settings for the heading controller in the ship’s autopilot are presented. The consistency of the design is possible due to the fact that the Nomoto model was used for the ship and thanks to the elimination of the time constant of the object by the controller, so that the closed system becomes a 2nd order system. In two cases, it was additionally assumed that the system is to have a double time constant, differing in a given ratio r from the time constant of the object. It has been shown that the heading controller designed in this way provides critical aperiodic waveforms at a step change in the setpoint value and suppresses environmental disturbances better than standardly tuned controllers.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"22 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robotic Systems Development Method Based on EARL and MeROS Metamodels","authors":"Tomasz Winiarski, Jan Kaniuka, Jakub Ostrysz","doi":"10.14313/par_252/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/11","url":null,"abstract":"Systems engineering is currently playing a key role in the manufacture, implementation and maintenance of cyber-physical systems. Increasingly, it is becoming an integral tool when designing, for example, robotic systems. This paper proposes a methodology for the design of robotic systems based on two metamodels: EARL at the implementation platform-independent level and MeROS dedicated to ROS/ROS 2. The procedure is demonstrated by analysing a representative application: a heteregonous multi-robot system with a central coordinator.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"17 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gogler, Krzysztof Sawicki, A. Ligienza, Mariusz Mścichowski
{"title":"A Method of Measurement of Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference as a Function of Magnification and Defocusing of a Thermal Camera","authors":"S. Gogler, Krzysztof Sawicki, A. Ligienza, Mariusz Mścichowski","doi":"10.14313/par_252/99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/99","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature measurement of allergic skin reactions requires meeting certain criteria regarding temperature resolution between small areas. The usual criterion of temperature resolution is NETD. However, this metric does not take into account the limitations of the spatial resolution of the optical system or the detector. In this paper, a model is presented that allows for selection of camera parameters based on the required spatial thermal resolution and size of the object being imaged. The method has been implemented and compared to results obtained in commercial software and has been applied to evaluate spatial thermal resolution of a prototype objective designed for the LWIR band.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of Machine Learning Algorithms to Forecast Energy Production in a Small PV System","authors":"Adam Idźkowski, Mateusz Sumorek","doi":"10.14313/par_252/37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/37","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data analysis for predicting energy production in photovoltaic (PV) power plant systems. The purpose of long-term forecasts is to determine the effectiveness of preventive actions and manage the power system effectively. Climate variables affecting the production of electricity in photovoltaic systems were analyzed. Forecasting methods using machine learning techniques such as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were compared. In addition, metrics were selected to determine the quality of forecasts. Determining the quality of forecasts was based on the actual varying conditions, not on the weather forecast data. The way of data preparation to create forecasting models were presented and the models with the best metrics were selected. For this purpose, the Scikit-learn library was used to create scripts in Python. The best results were obtained for regression models: MLPRegressor, CatBoostRegressor and Support Vector Regression. Actual measurement data from a system of optimally-positioned panels with a power of 3.0 kWp were used. For the MLPRegressor model, the highest coefficient of determination 0.605 was achieved with the smallest root-mean-square error of 1.79 KWh.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ela Zawidzka, Jacek Szklarski, J. Kobaka, M. Zawidzki
{"title":"Examples of Urban Furniture Based on Arm-Z System","authors":"Ela Zawidzka, Jacek Szklarski, J. Kobaka, M. Zawidzki","doi":"10.14313/par_252/73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/73","url":null,"abstract":"Arm-Z is a conceptual hyperredundant robotic manipulator composed on linearly joined number of identical modules. Each of them has one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) – the relative twist. Since modules are congruent, Arm-Z presents potential economical advantages and enhanced robustness. The modules can be mass produced and easily replaceable. The control of Arm-Z, however, is difficult and not intuitive. Therefore it most often requires the use of computational intelligence techniques. This article presents selected concepts for kinetic street furniture based on Arm-Z: a helical column of adjustable height, a sun tracking shade or solar energy harvesting device, bio-mimicing sculpture, sprinkler or fountain. All these ideas are based on low-tech approach. For this purpose, the initial unit in the chain is fixed to the solid foundation. For simplicity, the drive is applied directly to the first unit and transferred by the means of internal gears to the following modules. All of them are equipped with a set of cylindrical and bevel gears with straight teeth with involute profile (for connecting the modules).","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Śmigiel, Tomasz Topoliński, D. Ledziński, Tomasz Andrysiak
{"title":"The ECG Signal Monitoring System Using Machine Learning Methods and LoRa Technology","authors":"S. Śmigiel, Tomasz Topoliński, D. Ledziński, Tomasz Andrysiak","doi":"10.14313/par_252/21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14313/par_252/21","url":null,"abstract":"An electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first step in diagnosing heart disease. Heart rhythm abnormalities are among the early signs of heart disease, which can contribute to a patient’s heart attack, stroke, or sudden death. The importance of the ECGs has increased with the development of technologies based on machine learning and remote monitoring of vital signs. In particular, early detection of arrhythmias is of great importance when it comes to diagnosing a patient with heart disease. This is made possible through recognizing and classifying pathological patterns in the ECG signal. This paper presents a system for mobile monitoring of ECG signals enriched with the results of the study of the application of machine learning models from the group of Tree-based ML techniques and Neural Networks in the context of heart disease classification. The research was carried out through the use of the publicly available PTB-XL database of the ECG signals. The results were analyzed in the context of classification accuracy for 2, 5 and 15 classes of heart disease. Moreover, a novelty in the work is the proposal of machine learning techniques and architectures neural networks, which, have been selected to be applicable to IoT devices. It has been proven that the proposed solution can run in real time on IoT devices.","PeriodicalId":383231,"journal":{"name":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}