The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract Administration on the Thyroid Gland of the Adult Male Albino Rat: A Histological, Histochemical and Morphometric Study","authors":"R. Bushra","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2021.171456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2021.171456","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has been used for many years as a dietary supplement and as a herbal treatment for a wide range of diseases. However, it was found to be associated with adverse effects. Studies should be conducted to provide an information on its safety in medicine. Aim of the Work: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of two different doses of EGb on the thyroid gland of the adult male albino rat on the functional, histological, histochemical and morphometric levels. Material and Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats each weighing (200-250 g) were categorized into three equal groups. Group 1(control, n=10) were given distilled water. Group 2 (low dose, n=10) was given (100 mg EGb /kg b.w.). Group 3 (high dose, n=10) was given (200 mg EGb /kg b.w.). All the treatment was given orally by daily gavage for 4 weeks. At the designated time of the study, blood samples were taken for determination of serum (T3, T4 and TSH). After anesthesia, rats were scarified and thyroid lobes were dissected and processed for light and electron microscopic examinations. Follicular epithelial height, follicular diameter and colloid area % means of all groups were registered and compared. Results: EGb treated animals (groups 2 and 3) demonstrated a significant decreased serum levels of T3 and T4 and a significant increase of TSH levels when compared to the control group. The follicular cells height was significantly increased, while the follicular diameter and colloid area % were significantly decreased in groups (2&3) on comparing to control. The EGb-treated animals showed histological changes in the form of irregular follicular cells, follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, deeply stained follicular nuclei, dilated profiles of rER and Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial and lysosomal alterations, vacuolated cytoplasm and dilated interstitial blood capillaries. These changes were more pronounced in the group 3. While the follicular cells of the normally secretory active (control group) revealed a week basal lamina PAS reaction and a moderate colloid PAS reaction, the inactive follicles of groups 2 and 3 showed a moderate PAS reaction in the basal follicular lamina and a marked colloid PAS reaction. Our results demonstrated that EGb administration leads to a state of hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Considerations should be taken in cases where the EGb is used as a necessary treatment. Personal non-commercial use only. Anatomy copyright © 2018. All rights reserved DOI: 10.21608/EJANA.2021.171456 Received: 01 June 2017, Accepted: 16 June 2016","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123769806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural Changes in Adrenocortical Zona Fasciculate Cells Upon Exposure to Chronic Immobilization Stress and the Ameliorating Effect of Panax Ginseng Extract","authors":"Sayed Mostafa El-Sayed, H. Ibrahim, H. Abdallah","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2021.171454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2021.171454","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Panax ginseng extract (P. gin.) is a well-known adaptogen reducing blood cortisone particularly during chronic stress. Yet, its effect on the structure of the cells of the adrenal cortex during stress was not well studied. So, the present investigation aimed to demonstrate the ultrastructural changes of adrenocortical zona fasciculata (Z. fas.) cells after chronic stress and to appraise the influence of coadministration of P. gin. extract. Materials and Methods: Four groups of adult male albino rats (10 animals each). Group I (-ve control). Group II (+ve control) received the extract of P. gin. (100mg/kg/ day) orally. Group III was exposed daily for 150 minutes to immobilization stress. Group IV was exposed daily to immobilization stress and received the extract of P. gin. The experimental period was 14 consecutive days. At the end, rats from all groups were sacrificed & suprarenal glands were excised & processed for ultrastructural study. Morphometric measurements of lipid droplets (lipid ds.) in zona fasciculate cells (Z. fas.) were done and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: Compared to group I, group II showed no structural differences. In group III, Z. fas. cells had deeply stained nuclei, few (lipid ds.) and cytoplasmic vacuolation in semithin sections. The mitochondria appeared disrupted with hardly seen smooth endoplasmic reticulum by electron microscopic examination. Group IV showed most cells with vesicular nuclei and many lipid ds. in the cytoplasm in semithin sections. By electron microscope, the mitochondria appeared mostly with vesicular cristae with cisterns of smooth endoplasmic reticulum nearby. Morphometric study revealed a statistically significant reduction in the numbers and areas of lipid ds. /field in group III compared to group I. Moreover, the numbers and areas of lipid ds. /field were significantly increased in group IV compared to group III. Conclusion: Chronic immobilization stress leads to structural degenerative changes in Z. fas. cells of adult male albino rats which could be ameliorated by P. gin. extract co-administration, suggesting a favorable effect of P. gin. on Z. fas. cells on exposure to chronic stress. Personal non-commercial use only. Anatomy copyright © 2018. All rights reserved DOI: 10.21608/EJANA.2021.171454 Received: 15 July 2017, Accepted: 06 September 2017","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122145034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Zinc on Lead Acetate Induced Liver and Stomach Injury in Adult Mice: Electron microscopic and Biochemical Study","authors":"A. Ahmed, Miriam Riad","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2021.171448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2021.171448","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lead is one of the common heavy metals to which people are exposed daily. It is found in drinking water, and occurs naturally in soil but at low levels in Earth’s crust, as lead sulfide. Lead is considered dangerous and can cause environmental pollution due to its toxic effects on livings. Gastrointestinal ingestion is the most common source of lead intake in the body. Chronic exposure to lead even in low doses can induce liver damage as it is considered as one of the target organs affected by lead toxicity. Zinc is an essential trace element, exerting a protective effect as anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidant but these hepatoprotective properties have not been fully elucidated. Aim of the work: The present study was designed to detect the possible protective effect of Zinc against the toxic effects of lead acetate on liver and stomach of mice. Material and Methods: Sixty healthy adult mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 mice each. Group I (Control group) were given distilled water by orogastric tube. Group II (Experimental group) were given lead acetate in a dose of 4mg/kg body weight by orogastric tube for 2 weeks. Group III (Experimental group) were given lead acetate and Zinc in a dose of 25 mg/kg/body weight by orogastric tube for 2 weeks. After two weeks biochemical and electron microscopic examinations of the liver and stomach were done. Results: Significant increase of liver enzymes SGPT and SGOT was observed in experimental groups (group II and III) but more increased in group II. Electron microscopic examination group II revealed marked changes involving both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The cytoplasm showed many vacuoles, multiple lipid droplets, areas of necrosis, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum and pleomorphic mitochondria with dense matrix. The nuclei of most of the hepatocytes showed dilated perinuclear cisternae, variability in shape and size of nuclei was noticed with vesiculation of their chromatin content. Many abnormal Kupffer cells were seen lining the blood sinusoids, distorted bile canaliculi and areas of necrosis were seen. Electron microscopic examination of group III revealed moderate changes of most liver cells. The cytoplasm exhibited pleomorphic mitochondria with dense matrix, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum, many lysosomes and glycogen. The nuclei are binucleated and irregular. Stomach of mice group II revealed pocket in nucleus, dialysis of organelles and abnormal Golgi, the lumen with no microvilli and dark spots of lead in it, two cells with membrane in between irregular nucleus and lysis of rough endoplasmic reticulum and disturbed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The stomach of mice group III revealed Nucleus with membrane slightly interrupted, the lumen with few microvilli, multiple secretory granules and disturbed rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Conclusion: Lead acetate induces chronic inflamm","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132295217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Pomegranate Peel Extract and N-Acetyl cysteine supplementation on Paracetamol-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats","authors":"Samaa Abd El- Fatah, Doaa Youssef, S. Ameen","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2021.171458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2021.171458","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paracetamol (PA) is widely spread analgesic and antipyretic drugs. Its overdose can cause severe damage to kidneys representing one of the most common reasons for emergency admissions. Aim: The study aimed to demonstrate the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE), on PA-induced nephrotoxicity, and the possibility of co-administration therapy of PPE and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to ameliorate PA toxicity. Material and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups as follow: Group I (Control animals) received only balanced diet and tap water; Group II received PA a¬t a single dose 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) /day orally; Group III received orally PA at same previous dose and NAC at a single dose 150 mg/kg BW /day orally; Group IV received PA at same previous dose and PPE at a single dose 430 mg/kg BW /day orally and Group V received PA, NAC and PPE at same previous doses. After 28 days of treatment, venous blood samples were collected for assaying blood creatinine (BC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Then, rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Kidneys were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: PA-induced a highly significant increase in BUN and BC (p<0.001). Also all these alterations were confirmed histologically in the renal cortex and medulla where PA induced separated and congested glomerular capillaries with wide Bowman's space. The interstitium infiltrated by the inflammatory cells and vascular congestion were very prominent in-between tubules. Moreover, PA led to apoptotic death in renal tubular cells, manifested by an increase in the expression of caspase-3. Meanwhile, NAC and PPE showed a protective action against PA-toxic effects especially when used in combination. Conclusion: It is suggested that NAC and PPE could have an ameliorating effect against PA-nephrotoxicity. Personal non-commercial use only. Anatomy copyright © 2018. All rights reserved DOI: 10.21608/EJANA.2021.171458 Received: 20 October 2017, Accepted: 12 November 2017","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aging on the Structure of Thoracic Aorta of Male Albino Rat and the Possible Role of vitamin E","authors":"Shahira Mikhail, Mohamed Fadel Sonbol, M. Isaac, Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2021.171457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2021.171457","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Life expectancy has increased recently throughout the world leading to a growing interest in the so-called age-associated diseases affecting multiple body systems. One of the most frequently affected systems is the cardiovascular system where aging alters its histological structure thus making it more vulnerable to pathology even in absence of traditional risk factors as hypertension, diabetes, or smoking. Some studies suggested that vitamin E may be an important factor in preventing the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, there is still no complete consensus about its age related cardioprotective effects. Aim of the Work: To study the age related histological changes in the thoracic aorta of male albino rats, and the possible effect of vitamin E. Materials and Methods: Thirty male albino rats were used in this study, 10 adults, aging from 3 to 6 months and weighing 180-220 gms, and 20 senile, aging from 18 to 24 months and weighing 280300 gms. Group I (Control adult Group): composed of ten adult rats and was further subdivided into: Subgroup IA: containing five rats that were not subjected to any procedure. Subgroup IB: containing five rats that were given sesame oil (the solvent used for vitamin E) 3.6 ml daily for 6 weeks. Group II (control senile Group): composed of ten senile rats and was further subdivided into Subgroup IIA: consisted of five rats that were not subjected to any procedure. Subgroup IIB: consisted of five rats that were given sesame oil 3.6 ml daily for 6 weeks. Group III (senile Vitamin E Group): composed of ten senile rats that were given 300mg vitamin E dissolved in 3.6 ml sesame oil daily for 6 weeks. Results: Histological examination of the thoracic aorta of senile rats showed areas of intimal thickening and others of hypertrophy with loss of linear arrangement of endothelial nuclei and accumulation of dark brownish granules. Tunica media showed areas of degeneration, fragmentation of elastic fibers and marked increase in collagen bundles on expense of SMCs. Localized outpouching of the vessel wall was also encountered. Connective tissue of tunica adventitia was sparse, thin and widely separated. Immunohistochemically stained sections revealed multiple areas of weak immune reactivity interrupting the arrangement of the SMCs. On the other hand, thoracic aorta of vitamin E treated rat revealed relatively regular tunica intima with mostly flattened endothelial cells apart from few irregular ones. Elastic fibers and collagen bundles in tunica media revealed obvious improvement and appeared almost regular apart from few vacuolation seen among collagen bundles. Tunica adventitia consisted of wavy, dense connective tissue with some areas of separation. Immunohistochemically stained sections showed highly actin immune positive SMCs with very scanty areas of interruption. Conclusion: Vitamin E supplementation to senile rats obviously improved their vessel wall histology. Therefore, vitamin E suppl","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116207376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Coracoclavicular Joint in Egyptian Population and its Clinical Significance","authors":"O. F. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2021.171455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2021.171455","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A synovial coracoclavicular joint (CCJ) is a rare finding in human. When present, this anomalous joint is variably reported as a cause of shoulder pain. Up to date, there are no reports on the incidence of the coracoclavicular joint among Egyptians. Aim: The aim of the present study was to report on the incidence of this joint among adult Egyptian population, and to report on the differences, if any, of the morphometry of the clavicles and scapulae and to clarify whether the occurrence of this CCJ was associated with a shoulder pain or not. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a sample of 100 adult human clavicles and scapulae, chest radiographs of 200 different patients and chest computed tomography (CT) of 80 patients. Variable morphometric measurements were taken from all assessed bones, chest radiographs and CT. Regarding of the positive cases in the chest radiographs and CT, the clinical history was obtained to assess the incidence of symptomatic cases. Statistical analysis was also performed using a level of significance of p < 0.05. Results: CCJ was found in 28 out of the 380 studied samples with an incidence of (7.5 %). No significant sex distribution was found while there was a significant association as regards aging and presence or absence of shoulder pain. Conclusion: The Egyptian population showed a CCJ incidence of 7.5%, which was comparable to other ethnic groups in world population. The CCJ should be put in mind as a differential diagnosis for unexplained shoulder pain, especially in older patients. Personal non-commercial use only. Anatomy copyright © 2018. All rights reserved DOI: 10.21608/EJANA.2021.171455 Received: 06 July 2017, Accepted: 30 July 2017","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115568231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implication of Protein Restriction on the Developing Albino Rat Myocardium","authors":"Adel Kamel, Fathy Zaky, M. El-Meligy, H. Mohammed","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2021.171449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2021.171449","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition, particularly protein deficiency, has become a serious problem in the densely populated and underdeveloped areas. It is well known that protein malnutrition can affect the structure and function of the heart. Aim of the work: Was to investigate the effect of maternal low protein diet on the myocardial structure of albino rat offspring. Material and Methods: A total number of 20 adult female albino rats were used. Female rats were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group; of 10 rats each. The first group was fed a normal-protein diet (NPD) that contained 20% casein. The second group was fed a lowprotein diet (LPD) that contained 9% casein. All breeder rats were habituated to their respective diets for 2 weeks before mating, during pregnancy and lactation. The hearts of the pups were examined using a light and an electron microscopy at birth and at the age of one month. Results: Low protein diet given to the mothers affected the structure of the pups' hearts in the form of wide spaces among cardiomyocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolization, interruption of myofibrils, loss of the cross striations and mitochondrial disruption. Conclusion: The protein energy under nutrition affects the structural organization of the cardiac muscle which would be reflected on the contractile function of the heart. Recommendation: It is advisable to combat the protein energy malnutrition especially in the early stages of the heart development. Personal non-commercial use only. Anatomy copyright © 2018. All rights reserved DOI: 10.21608/EJANA.2021.171449 Received: 15 July 2017, Accepted: 27 August 2017","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Variations of the Proximal Segment of Middle Cerebral Artery and their Clinical Significance: Three Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Angiography study in Egyptians","authors":"W. Sayed, S. Arsanyos, M. Shabaan","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2020.18364.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2020.18364.1054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116898973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Role of Platelet Rich Plasma in Formaldehyde Induced Arthritis in Rats","authors":"Mahamane Mansour, Azzagnuni Younes, M. Naguib, Enas Mohammed, Ahmed Al Neklawy","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2019.19556.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2019.19556.1048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115841740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anatomical basis for the possible internal mammary artery perforators flaps","authors":"Melad N Kelada, Elsayed Metwally, A. A. Al Karmouty, Heba Jaheen","doi":"10.21608/ejana.2019.20141.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejana.2019.20141.1053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383073,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Anatomy","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116172060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}