Water and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE AT TREATMENT PLANTS IN PERM (RUSSIA)","authors":"Y. Maksimova, E. Burlutskaya, A. Y. Maksimov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.64-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.64-74","url":null,"abstract":"Аннотация Введение. Изучение биоразнообразия активных илов может служить основой для выбора альтернативных путей утилизации избытков активного ила. Цель исследования: изучение разнообразия бактериального сообщества активных илов муниципальных и промышленных биологических очистных сооружений (БОС) г. Перми методом метагеномного секвенирования и определение возможности накопления полигидроксиалканоатов биомассой смешанных культур. Методы: метагеномное секвенирование генов 16S рРНК, эпифлуоресцентная микроскопия, атомно-абсорбционный метод определения концентрации тяжелых металлов. Результаты: изучено биоразнообразие активных илов коммунально-бытовых БОС, нефтеперерабатывающего (ПНОС) и целлюлознобумажного (ПЦБК) предприятий Перми (Россия). Показано, что доминирующими филумами домена Bacteria во всех исследуемых образцах являлись Proteobacteria, Firmicutes и Bacteroidetes, причем доля Proteobacteria в активном иле муниципальных БОС составляла 55 %, промышленных — от 26 (ПНОС) до 62 % (ПЦБК). В активном иле очистных сооружений ПНОС преобладали Firmicutes (45 %), а доминирующим семейством являлось Peptostreptococcaceae (61 %). В активном иле анаэробной и аэробной зоны аэротенка муниципальных БОС доминировал род Acinetobacter — 12 и 44 % соответственно, в очистных сооружениях ПЦБК — Sulfuricurvum sp. (17 %), ПНОС — Romboutsia sp. (50 %). Показано, что после выращивания биомассы активных илов на среде с бутиратом натрия, лимитированной по азоту, клетки всех образцов содержат включения полигидроксиалканоатов, что может рассматриваться как вариант использования избытков активного ила. Ключевые слова: активный ил, метагеномика, бактериальное разнообразие, полигидроксиалканоаты. Abstract Studying activated sludge biodiversity can serve as a basis for choosing alternative ways for disposal of excess activated sludge. The purpose of the study was to explore diversity of the activated sludge bacterial community at municipal and industrial biological wastewater treatment plants (BWWTPs) in Perm using the method of metagenomic sequencing and determine the possibility of accumulating polyhydroxyalkanoates with a biomass of mixed cultures. The following methods were used: metagenomic sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, epifluorescence microscopy, atomic absorption method for determination of heavy metals concentration. As a result, biodiversity of activated sludge at municipal BWWTPs, an oil refinery (OR) and a pulp-and-paper mill (PPM) (Perm, Russia) was analyzed. It was shown that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla of the Bacteria domain in all samples studied, with Proteobacteria in activated sludge at the municipal BWWTPs being 55 %, industrial BWWTPs — from 26 (OR) to 62% (PPM). Activated sludge at OR treatment facilities was dominated by Firmicutes (45 %), and the dominant family was Peptostreptococcaceae (61 %). In activated sludge of the anaerobic and aerobic zones of the aerotank at municipal BWWTPs, the Acinetobacter genus dom","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43797146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS REDUCING THERMAL POLLUTION OF WATER WITH SEWER DRAINS","authors":"A. Smirnov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.30-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.30-34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48004319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF SILICA REMOVAL FROM WATER USING MAGNESIUM OXIDE","authors":"A. N. Belyaev, B. Degterev, É. V. Kuts","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.10-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.10-16","url":null,"abstract":"Aннотация Одной из проблем, препятствующих широкомасштабному использованию подземных водоисточников как для питьевого водоснабжения, так и для нужд промышленных потребителей является частая необходимость обескремнивания воды. Определенное несовершенство используемых методов делает актуальным поиск путей модернизации существующих технологий обескремнивания, повышения эффективности реагентных процессов в применяемых технологиях. Целью настоящей работы является интенсификация процесса магнезиального обескремнивания воды подземных источников путем дополнительного воздействия на нее гидродинамической кавитацией в реакторе проточного типа. Для оценки степени влияния кавитационной составляющей в процессе магнезиального обескремнивания воды была проведена серия натурных экспериментов. Кавитационная обработка воды проводилась в цикличном режиме, количество циклов от 1 до 30. Выявлена зависимость скорости обескремнивания воды от температуры, градиент которой уменьшается с ростом количества циклов кавитационной обработки потока. Определены области температурной и кавитационной составляющих процесса обескремнивания. Установлено, что скорость магнезиального обескремнивания воды с дополнительной кавитационной ее обработкой увеличивается на 17,1 %. Результаты работы могут быть полезны специалистам в области водоподготовки объектов теплоэнергетики, предприятий химико-фармацевтической и целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности, питьевого водоснабжения. Ключевые слова: водоподготовка, обескремнивание воды, гидродинамическая кавитация. Abstract Frequent need for silica removal from water represents one of the issues preventing large-scale use of underground water sources both for drinking water supply and to satisfy the needs of industrial consumers. Definite imperfection of the methods used calls for ways to upgrade the existing technologies of silica removal from water, and improve efficiency of reagent treatment related to the technologies used. The purpose of the present study is to intensify the process of silica removal from water of underground sources using magnesium oxide by additional exposure to hydrodynamic cavitation in a flow-type reactor. To assess the impact of the cavitation component in the process of silica removal from water using magnesium oxide, a series of field experiments was carried out. Cavitation water treatment was performed in a cyclic mode, with the number of cycles from 1 to 30. A dependence between the silica removal rate and temperature, the gradient of which decreases with increasing number of cavitation flow treatment cycles, is revealed. Areas of temperature and cavitation components of the silica removal process are determined. It is established that the rate of silica removal from water using magnesium oxide with additional cavitation treatment increases by 17.1%. The results of the study can be useful for specialists in the field of water treatment at thermal power facilities, chemical and pharmaceutical as well as pulp and paper e","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE BIYUK-KARASU RIVER CURRENT ECOLOGICAL STATE","authors":"N. Ivanyutin, S. V. Podovalova","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.54-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.54-63","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48241094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TWO-STAGE METHOD FOR DEWATERING OF WATERED HYDROCARBONS","authors":"A. A. Evdokimov, Saint Petersburg Russia Optics, V. Kiss","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.17-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.17-22","url":null,"abstract":"Аннотация Когда мы пытаемся сжигать вязкое топливо, обводнённое до 30–40 %, удаётся утилизировать не более 60 % углеводородов. Неполное сгорание обводнённых углеводородов влияет не только на качество атмосферного воздуха и климат. Значительная часть продуктов неполного сгорания возвращается с атмосферными осадками в почвы и водоёмы в виде углеводородных загрязнений. Чтобы этого избежать, предлагается предварительно обезвоживать топливо. Извлечённую воду следует направлять на повторное использование в тот производственный цикл, где обводнённые углеводороды образовались. Разработанная нами станция обезвоживания обводнённых углеводородов позволит решить эту проблему и получить хорошую прибыль. Ключевые слова: сжигание обводнённого топлива, загрязнение природной среды, дымовые газы, углеводороды, станция обезвоживания, температура и полнота сгорания. Abstract During combustion of watered (30–40 %) viscous fuel, it is possible to dispose of not more than 60 % hydrocarbons. Incomplete combustion of watered hydrocarbons affects not only air quality and climate. The major part of incomplete combustion products is brought back to soil and water with precipitations as hydrocarbon pollutions. To avoid environmental contamination, it is suggested to dewater watered fuel in advance. The separated water shall be re-used in the same industrial cycle where the watered hydrocarbons were generated. A station for dewatering of watered hydrocarbons, developed by the authors, will allow resolving the issue and making a nice profit.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF NON-CAVITY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ON THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE ROADBED","authors":"A. Ponomarev, V. Konyushkov, V. Lushnikov, V. Kirillov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.47-53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROLE OF LIQUID RECIRCULATION AT BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS","authors":"J. Feofanov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.79-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.79-87","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. At biological wastewater treatment plants recirculation of purified liquid or activated sludge is used to reduce the high initial concentration of contaminants, improve the performance of the plants and the transportation of returned activated sludge in aeration tanks, as well as for other purposes. The use of recirculation or recirculation ratio increase at biological wastewater treatment plants leads (together with the dilution of untreated wastewater with treated liquid) to an increase in the hydraulic load in the plants as well as desludging facilities, changes the structure of liquid flow at the plants, and affects their performance. Thus, liquid recirculation under certain conditions can lead to both positive (improvement of wastewater treatment efficiency) and negative consequences (increase in volume regarding final clarifiers and growth of energy consumption for recirculation flow pumping). Methods. The purpose of the study was to assess the integrated effect of liquid recirculation on the performance of biological wastewater treatment plants of various types. The assessment was carried out based on the analysis of data on the performance of production facilities as well as standards, specifications, and guidelines. Results. The paper evaluates the role of recirculation during the operation of wet biological filters and aeration tanks with external and internal (longitudinal) recirculation. The author considers the influence of recirculation in wet biofilters on essential technological parameters of their work, conditions of mass transfer processes, and wastewater treatment efficiency, as well as the influence of the mixed liquor and returned sludge recirculation rate in aeration tanks on the amount of the dose and wastewater treatment efficiency. Conclusion. The recirculation ratio at biological treatment plants should be linked to the achieved wastewater treatment efficiency and based on technical and economic estimates. An increase in the recirculation rate is more efficient at a low degree of wastewater treatment and not economically feasible in case of sufficiently high treatment efficiency.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESULTS OF STUDYING FORCED-FLOW MODES OF SEWAGE COLLECTORS","authors":"Svetlana Yurievna Ignatchik, N. Kuznetsova, Alina Yanovna Fes’kova, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Senyukovich, St. Petersburg Russia Ltd. Aw W","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.88-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.88-95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF THE REDOX POTENTIAL ON SLUDGE LIQUOR PHOSPHATATION IN BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"V. Iurchenko, Kharkov Ukraine Architecture, Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Smyrnov, M. Yesin, Y. Levashova","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.26-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.26-37","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The metabolic activity of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anaerobic conditions plays a decisive role in optimizing the process of removing phosphorus compounds in the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) technology when alternating anaerobic and aerobic modes. A number of chemical, physical, physical-and-chemical, hydraulic, and biological factors affect the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment aimed at the removal of phosphates. Since the removal of phosphates using PAOs is associated with the transfer of ions through the cell membrane, the impact of the redox potential of the aquatic environment on phosphatation and dephosphatation in systems with activated sludge is of scientific and practical interest. Methods. Phosphatation of wastewater under anaerobic and anoxic conditions was studied during laboratory experiments and inspection of existing wastewater treatment plants with aeration tanks with and without zoning. In laboratory experiments, quantitative dependences of the wastewater phosphatation rate on the ORP values in the environment and the difference between the ORP values in different areas of aeration tanks were established. Results. The maximum achieved phosphate accumulation capacity of the unadapted sludge in the flow-through mode of cultivation under laboratory conditions was 61.1 mg of PO4/g of sludge. At the existing wastewater treatment plants, the ORP indicator of aquatic environments is more sensitive and describes the oxidationreduction situation in more detail than the oxygen concentration. As for wastewater treatment in aeration tanks with zoning, the ORP value and the phosphorus concentration in phosphates in the sludge liquor had the opposite dynamics. Conclusion. The analysis of the phosphate concentration and ORP values in aeration tanks with zoning suggests that for wastewater phosphatation/ dephosphatation, not the absolute ORP value, but the difference between the ORP values of aquatic environments created in different zones of an aeration tank is more significant. In general, oxidation-reduction characteristics of interacting aquatic environments play an important role in the migration of phosphates in the system of activated sludge–wastewater in the EBPR technology and can be used as control actions.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDIES OF OIL-CONTAINING POLLUTION REMOVAL BY MICROORGANISMS","authors":"I. I. Ivanenko, Еlena Yakovlevna Lapatina, T. A. Krasavina, Llc Water consulting","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.30-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.30-36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}