Water and Ecology最新文献_第8页

SINGLE-SLUDGE SYSTEM OF ADVANCED LOW-OXYGEN WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS REMOVAL 单污泥法处理含氮化合物的深度低氧废水

Water and Ecology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.9-19

I. Gulshin, E. Gogina

{"title":"SINGLE-SLUDGE SYSTEM OF ADVANCED LOW-OXYGEN WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS REMOVAL","authors":"I. Gulshin, E. Gogina","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.9-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.9-19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Low-oxygen methods of wastewater treatment have significant potential for further development and reduction of the overall energy costs at sewage treatment plants. When the aeration intensity at aeration stations decreases, the main task is to maintain the system in a stable state where it is necessary to oxidize organic pollutants and ammonia nitrogen. To solve it, it is required to implement a number of additional measures to control the operational parameters of the system simultaneously with a change in the oxygen regime. Methods. The paper addresses systems operating at low concentrations of dissolved oxygen with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The authors compared activated sludge performing well with a lack of oxygen with well-aerated nitrifying activated sludge. The study was carried out in a laboratory and at an experimental plant at existing treatment facilities. Results. During the experiment, the influence of increased sludge flow rates in circulation systems on the composition and characteristics of activated sludge at low concentrations of dissolved oxygen was confirmed. Maintenance of high speeds and relatively low specific loads for organic pollutants had a stabilizing effect, and thus reduced the risk of the filamentous swelling of activated sludge. Conclusion. The technology of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification implies the presence of nitrifying and denitrifying biomass in a sufficient amount, working under non-standard conditions. As a result of the study, operational parameters of the system were determined that made it possible to stabilize activated sludge and maintain it in a nitrifying state.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL ESTIMATE OF RELIABILITY INDICES FOR AGEING FACILITIES OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWER SYSTEMS 给水排水系统老化设施可靠性指标的近似分析估计

Water and Ecology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.3-8

M. I. Alexeev, L. Baranov, Y. Ermolin

{"title":"APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL ESTIMATE OF RELIABILITY INDICES FOR AGEING FACILITIES OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWER SYSTEMS","authors":"M. I. Alexeev, L. Baranov, Y. Ermolin","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.3-8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper addresses characteristic features of methodological approaches to solving engineering reliability problems associated with aging facilities of water supply and sewer systems in large cities. It is noted that, in case of longlived facilities, well-known procedures for solving practical tasks are not applicable due to non-stationarity (in terms of reliability) of such facilities. Methods. A real non-stationary (“aging”) facility (object) is formally replaced by its virtual stationary analog with a constant failure rate, which can be determined based on the condition of equality between reliability functions of those real and virtual objects for a particular operating time. Mean operating time to failure of the virtual object is chosen as such point on the time-axis. A corresponding equation is obtained and solved for the unknown variable that, as a result, can be expressed in terms of “aging law” for a real non-stationary object. An approximation error is estimated analytically for a linearly aging object. It is demonstrated that in case of a real combination of “aging law” parameters, this error does not exceed 4–5%, which is quite acceptable for engineering calculations. Results. The authors develop a procedure for the approximate substitution of a non-stationary object by a stationary one (stationarization) where the failure flow is expressed in terms of reliability function coefficients of a real aging object. This procedure makes it possible to use well-known methods of solving reliability problems of stationary objects when analyzing non-stationary objects. Conclusion. The proposed procedure of approximate estimate for basic reliability indices of non-stationary objects is convenient for practical use.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

HEALTH MONITORING OF DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS TEST CULTURE 水蚤大株试验培养物的健康监测

Water and Ecology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.59-69

A. Olkova

引用次数: 1

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING WATER HYACINTH FOR POLLUTED WATER TREATMENT 水葫芦用于污水处理的可行性探讨

Water and Ecology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.70-76

S. N. Kholodova, D. A. Rudikov

引用次数: 2

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC DISINFECTION LIQUID ON DIFFERENT MODES OF PROCESSING 电液消毒液在不同处理方式下的效能评价

Water and Ecology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.9-15

V. N. Dobromirov, D. Avramov, N. Martynov, Valery Gordienko, St. Petersburg Russia «Npf «Electrohidrodinamica»

{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC DISINFECTION LIQUID ON DIFFERENT MODES OF PROCESSING","authors":"V. N. Dobromirov, D. Avramov, N. Martynov, Valery Gordienko, St. Petersburg Russia «Npf «Electrohidrodinamica»","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.9-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.9-15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Due to significant water consumption to maintain business activities, there is concern about an issue of disinfecting water discharged to water bodies and supplied to a circulating water system after being used for process needs. Modern researchers focus not only on traditional disinfection methods but on the development of innovative technologies as well. Such technologies include a technology of water treatment using an electric field. Methods. The paper addresses liquid disinfection with the use of high-voltage electric pulses. A mock-up installation for liquid disinfection based on the use of the electro-hydraulic effect is described. The paper presents a technique and results of experimental researches conducted to determine a dependence between the liquid disinfection rate and electrical energy applied using the example of aqueous yeast solution treatment. Results. It has been established that the dependence is not linear (as it was assumed earlier) but exponential. Therefore, it is impossible to ensure the total elimination of fungal bacteria in any mode of treatment. Over time, the remaining living microorganisms recover the population, reducing the bactericidal properties of the treated liquid. Conclusion. As a result of the study, a treatment mode with the least negative consequences of this phenomenon at the maximum disinfection efficiency is determined. Parameters of aqueous yeast solution treatment with the use of high-voltage electric pulses, which ensure achievement of such effect, are described.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL DENUDATION INTENSITY IN THE RIVER PECHORA CATCHMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NON-STATIONARY CLIMATE AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 非平稳气候和经济活动影响下的河流域化学剥蚀强度变化

Water and Ecology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.4.38-49

A. O. Danilenko, O. Reshetnyak, L. Kosmenko, M. Kondakova

{"title":"CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL DENUDATION INTENSITY IN THE RIVER PECHORA CATCHMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NON-STATIONARY CLIMATE AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES","authors":"A. O. Danilenko, O. Reshetnyak, L. Kosmenko, M. Kondakova","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.4.38-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.4.38-49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Climate warming, which is currently observed in the Arctic, has the potential to intensify chemical denudation in river basins partially or completely located within permafrost. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the longterm dynamics of the rivers’ ion runoff in the Pechora River basin, 42 % of which are located within permafrost. Methods. To study changes in the chemical denudation intensity in nonstationary climate, we analyzed data of systematic observations over the main ion concentrations from 1985 to 2017 in the Pechora River outlet (Naryan-Mar) and its tributaries (Usa, Adzva, Kolva, Sula rivers). The intensity of chemical denudation in the Pechora River basin was assessed in terms of ion runoff. The probable reasons for its changes — water content and concentrations of macrocomponents — were also analyzed. Results. The ion-salt composition of Pechora River water is mainly determined by the dissolution of carbonate minerals in the underlying rocks. Calculations and comparison of ion runoff moduli showed that the studied rivers are comparable in terms of the chemical denudation intensity in catchments. The exceptions were the Sula and Kolva rivers, where, with the river runoff, a relatively high amount of chlorides and hydrocarbonates is carried. Contrary to the initial assumptions about the possible intensification of the chemical denudation process under the conditions of climate warming, we found a decrease in the sulfate runoff moduli in all rivers. In addition to that, individual changes in the runoff moduli for other main ions are observed for the studied rivers. Conclusion. In modern conditions, the chemical denudation intensity remains at the level of the end of the last century, and the long-term dynamics of the Pechora River ion runoff correlates in time with the variability of anthropogenic factors, in particular, wet sulfate deposition with atmospheric waters.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

EFFECT OF RADICAL SCAVENGERS AND PROPOSED PATHWAYS FOR AZO DYE DEGRADATION IN A PERSULPHATE-BISULFITE SYSTEM 自由基清除剂对过硫酸盐-亚硫酸盐体系中偶氮染料降解的影响及建议途径

Water and Ecology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.77-83

Heng Zhong, Lei Sun, Jia Fang, Huixuan Zhao, A. Xu, Dongsheng Xia, A. Nevsky

{"title":"EFFECT OF RADICAL SCAVENGERS AND PROPOSED PATHWAYS FOR AZO DYE DEGRADATION IN A PERSULPHATE-BISULFITE SYSTEM","authors":"Heng Zhong, Lei Sun, Jia Fang, Huixuan Zhao, A. Xu, Dongsheng Xia, A. Nevsky","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.77-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.3.77-83","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The textile industry is one of the most significant manufacturing sectors that produce large volumes of highly polluted and toxic wastewater. Along with the light industry, pigments and dyes industry, domestic service, dry-cleaning, etc., it contributes significantly to water pollution, where dyes are among the top pollutants. Methods. In this study, the degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye in a persulfate-bisulfite system under visible (Vis) light (wavelength ≥ 420 nm) was performed. Based on the electron spin resonance spin-trapping technologies and radical scavenger measurements, the produced hydroxyl radical (·OH) is regarded as the predominant reactive oxidant for AO7 decolorization also involving the sulfate radical (SO4· –). The formation of shortlived radicals during AO7 decolorization was detected by the ESR spin-trapping technique at room temperature using a Bruker ESR A-300 spectrometer with the following parameters: center field 3516 G, sweep width 100 G, microwave frequency 9.86 G, modulation frequency 100 kHz, microwave power 1 mW. The intermediate products of the AO7 degradation reaction were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The experiments were performed using an Esquire LC ion trap mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) equipped with an orthogonal geometry ESI source. Nitrogen was used as a drying (3 L/min) and nebulizing (6 psi) gas at 300 °C. The spray shield voltage was 4.0 kV and the capillary cap voltage was 4.5 kV. Scanning was performed from m/z 90 to 400 in the standard resolution mode at a scan rate of 13 kDa/s. Before the analysis, each sample was diluted ten-fold. The intermediates were determined by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis and, as a result, a plausible degradation pathway was proposed. Results. The results of the study can be useful in designing a simple, effective, and economically sound system for the treatment of non-biodegradable azo dyes.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68782608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0