Arwa R Althaher, Yazun Jarrar, Mahmood Ayad Al-Ibadah, Ruba Balasmeh, Qais Jarrar, Dina Abulebdah
{"title":"Effects of <i>Calamintha incana</i> (Sm.) Helder Ethanolic Extract on the mRNA Expression of Drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the Mouse Livers.","authors":"Arwa R Althaher, Yazun Jarrar, Mahmood Ayad Al-Ibadah, Ruba Balasmeh, Qais Jarrar, Dina Abulebdah","doi":"10.2174/0122115366268781231205103752","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122115366268781231205103752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alteration in the expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can alter the pharmacokinetics and hence the response of the drug. Some chemicals found in herbs and fruits affect the expression of DMEs. <i>Calamintha incana</i> is commonly used in Middle Eastern Arabic countries. There is no report regarding the influence of <i>Calamintha incana</i> on the hepatic expression of DMEs.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current investigation aimed to investigate the effect of <i>Calamintha incana</i> consumption on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome (cyp) P450 genes in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical composition of the ethanoic extract was analyzed using liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Then, 21 BALB/c mice were used for the in vivo experiment. The mice were divided into three groups, each consisting of seven mice. The first group (low-dose group) was treated with 41.6 mg/kg of <i>Calamintha incana</i> extract and the second group was administered the high-dose (125 mg/kg) of the extract for one month. The mice in the third \"control\" group administrated the vehicle 20% polyethylene glycol 200. Then, the expression of cyp3a11, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp1a1 was analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The relative liver weights of the mice and the hepatic pathohistological alterations were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ethanolic extract of <i>Calamintha incana</i> contained 27 phytochemical compounds. The most abundant compounds were linolenic acid, myristic acid, and p-cymene. It was found that the low dose of <i>Calamintha incana</i> extract upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) the expression of cyp3a11 by more than ten folds in the liver of treated mice. Furthermore, the histological analysis showed that low- and high-dose administration of the C. incana did not cause pathological alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded from these findings that consumption of low doses of Calamintha incana upregulated the mRNA expression of mouse cyp3a11 without causing histopathological alterations in the livers. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of <i>Calamintha incana</i> on the pharmacokinetics and response of drugs metabolized by cyp3a11.</p>","PeriodicalId":38067,"journal":{"name":"MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-Canonical Targets of MicroRNAs: Role in Transcriptional Regulation, Disease Pathogenesis and Potential for Therapeutic Targets.","authors":"Aishwarya Ray, Abhisek Sarkar, Sounak Banerjee, Kaushik Biswas","doi":"10.2174/0122115366278651240105071533","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122115366278651240105071533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs are a class of regulatory, non-coding small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules found in eukaryotes. Dysregulated expression of microRNAs can lead to downregulation or upregulation of their target gene. In general, microRNAs bind with the Argonaute protein and its interacting partners to form a silencing complex. This silencing complex binds with fully or partial complementary sequences in the 3'-UTR of their cognate target mRNAs and leads to degradation of the transcripts or translational inhibition, respectively. However, recent developments point towards the ability of these microRNAs to bind to the promoters, enhancers or coding sequences, leading to upregulation of their target genes. This review briefly summarizes the various non-canonical binding sites of microRNAs and their regulatory roles in various diseased conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38067,"journal":{"name":"MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioinformatics-Assisted Extraction of All PCa miRNAs and their Target Genes.","authors":"Akilandeswari Ramu, Jayaprakash Chinnappan","doi":"10.2174/0122115366253242231020053221","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122115366253242231020053221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To retrieve, and classify PCa miRNAs and identify the functional relationship between miRNAs and their targets through literature collection with computational analysis.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>MicroRNAs play a role in gene regulation, which can either repress or activate the gene. Hence, the functions of miRNAs are dependent on the target gene. This study will be the first of its kind to combine computational analysis with corpus PCa data. Effectively, our study reported the huge number of miRNAs associated with PCa along with functional information.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The identification and classification of previously known full PCa miRNAs and their targets were made possible by mining the literature data. Systems Biology and curated data mining assisted in identifying optimum miRNAs and their target genes for PCa therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed database was used to collect the PCa literature up to December 2021. Pubmed. mineR package was used to extract the microRNAs associated articles and manual curation was performed to classify the microRNAs based on the function in PCa. PPI was constructed using the STRING database. Pathway analysis was performed using PANTHER and ToppGene Suite Software. Functional analysis was performed using ShinyGO software. Cluster analysis was performed using MCODE 2.0, and Hub gene analysis was performed using cytoHubba. The genemiRNA network was reconstructed using Cytoscape.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unique PCa miRNAs were retrieved and classified from mined PCa literature. Six hundred and five unique miRNAs from 250 articles were considered as oncomiRs to trigger PCa. One hundred and twenty unique miRNAs from 118 articles were considered Tumor Suppressor miRNAs to suppress the PCa. Twenty-four unique miRNAs from 22 articles were utilized as treatment miRNAs to treat PCa. miRNAs target genes and their significant pathways, functions and hub genes were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>miR-27a, miR-34b, miR-495, miR-23b, miR-100, miR-218, Let-7a family, miR-27a- 5p, miR-34c, miR-34a, miR-143/-145, miR-125b, miR-124 and miR-205 with their target genes AKT1, SRC, CTNNB1, HRAS, MYC and TP53 are significant PCa targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":38067,"journal":{"name":"MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonu Singh Ahirwar, Rehma Rizwan, Samdish Sethi, Zainab Shahid, Shivani Malviya, Rekha Khandia, Amit Agarwal, Ashwin Kotnis
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Published Database Predicting MicroRNA Binding in 3'UTR of mRNA in Diverse Species.","authors":"Sonu Singh Ahirwar, Rehma Rizwan, Samdish Sethi, Zainab Shahid, Shivani Malviya, Rekha Khandia, Amit Agarwal, Ashwin Kotnis","doi":"10.2174/0122115366261005231018070640","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122115366261005231018070640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Micro-RNAs are endogenous non-coding RNA moieties of 22-27 nucleotides that play a crucial role in the regulation of various biological processes and make them useful prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Discovery and experimental validation of miRNA is a laborious and time-consuming process. For early prediction, multiple bioinformatics databases are available for miRNA target prediction; however, their utility can confuse amateur researchers in selecting the most appropriate tools for their study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This descriptive review aimed to analyse the usability of the existing database based on the following criteria: accessibility, efficiency, interpretability, updatability, and flexibility for miRNA target prediction of 3'UTR of mRNA in diverse species so that the researchers can utilize the database most appropriate to their research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases up to November 2022. ≥10,000 articles found online, including ⁓130 miRNA tools, which contain various information on miRNA. Out of them, 31 databases that provide information on validated 3'UTR miRNAs target databases were included and analysed in this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These miRNA database tools are being used in varied areas of biological research to select the most suitable miRNA for their experimental validation. These databases, updated until the year 2021, consist of miRNA-related data from humans, animals, mice, plants, viruses etc. They contain 525-29806351 data entries, and information from most databases is freely available on the online platform.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reviewed databases provide significant information, but not all information is accurate or up-to-date. Therefore, Diana-TarBase and miRWalk are the most comprehensive and up-to-date databases.</p>","PeriodicalId":38067,"journal":{"name":"MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71486959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meet Our Regional Editor","authors":"A. van den Berg","doi":"10.2174/221153661201230206152903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221153661201230206152903","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":38067,"journal":{"name":"MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41379119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small Molecules have Great Benefits. The Arising of microRNA in Life\u0000Sciences and Medicine","authors":"Izzotti A","doi":"10.2174/221153661201230206154732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221153661201230206154732","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":38067,"journal":{"name":"MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}