Preventive Medicine Reports最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to diagnostic colonoscopy after a positive non-invasive screening test for colorectal cancer in two Indiana healthcare systems","authors":"Benjamin Richter ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Roth ,&nbsp;Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo ,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Rick Tuason ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Imperiale","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe trends in the use of non-invasive tests (NIST) and the interval between a positive NIST and diagnostic colonoscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a retrospective time-trend design, we examined medical records of patients within two large Indiana integrated healthcare systems who had a positive NIST between January 2019 and June 2021 and quantified the proportion of patients who had not completed colonoscopy within 60, 90, and 180 days to determine the interval between NIST result and diagnostic colonoscopy in days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1379 patients with positive NISTs, 930 (68 %) underwent diagnostic colonoscopy during the 30-month study timeframe. Median time to colonoscopy completion was significantly longer in 2020 compared to 2019 (50 vs. 37 days, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and 2021 (46 days, <em>p</em> = 0.06). The proportion of patients completing colonoscopy within 90 days of a positive FIT in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 79 %, 83 %, and 72 %, respectively (<em>p</em> = 0.63), and were 86 %, 78 %, and 84 %, respectively, after positive FIT/DNA (<em>p</em> = 0.07). Median time to diagnostic colonoscopy completion was significantly longer in 2020, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Studies of outcomes in those who declined or delayed colonoscopy in 2020 are needed to estimate the potential subsequent colorectal cancer disease burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 102937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of sociodemographic and smoking characteristics with intention to quit among Chinese adults aged 20–69 years who smoke: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018–19","authors":"Zhen-xiao Huang ,&nbsp;Ying-hua Li ,&nbsp;Ying Xie ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Zheng Su ,&nbsp;Xin Xia ,&nbsp;Dan Xiao ,&nbsp;Chen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify factors influencing the intention to quit (ItQ) among Chinese who smoke, focusing on 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) Nicotine dependence. Additionally, to estimate the number of individuals with ItQ, supporting optimal allocation of cessation resources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used data from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study with 20,288 participants who smoke currently aged 20–69 years. The ItQ proportions were estimated overall and by subgroup. Logistic regression was employed to estimate ORs and 95 % CIs for ItQ. The number of people who smoke with ItQ was estimated based on the census data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In China, 41.34 % of individuals who smoke had ItQ, higher in females (44.89 %) than males (41.34 %). Provincial proportions ranged from 23.53 % to 63.56 %. ItQ was significantly associated with smoking characteristics, including occasional smoking (OR = 2.08, 95 % CI = 1.88–2.20), fewer pack-years (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.68–0.73), older smoking initiation age (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.18–1.27), and ICD-10 Nicotine dependence (OR = 1.12, 95 % CI = 1.06–1.19), as well as age, sex, socioeconomic factors, and health status. Withdrawal symptoms were positively associated with ItQ in individuals who smoke without ICD-10 Nicotine dependence but negatively in those with ICD-10 Nicotine dependence. An estimated 100.3 million adults aged 20–69 in China have ItQ, with 52.14 million suffering from ICD-10 Nicotine dependence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intention to quit smoking among Chinese who smoke is low and varies by ICD-10 Nicotine dependence and region, underscoring the need for targeted smoking cessation interventions across diverse smoking populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 102933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting time spent in physical activity and sedentary time and its association with cardiovascular disease among northwest Chinese adults","authors":"Yutong Wang ,&nbsp;Peiying Yang ,&nbsp;Huimeng Liu ,&nbsp;Suixia Cao ,&nbsp;Jingchun Liu ,&nbsp;Yating Huo ,&nbsp;Kun Xu ,&nbsp;Binyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengchun Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Huang ,&nbsp;Chunlai Yang ,&nbsp;Lingxia Zeng ,&nbsp;Shaonong Dang ,&nbsp;Baibing Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the association between physical activity (PA) and leisure-time sedentary time and cardiovascular disease (CVD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China from June 2018 to May 2019. PA and leisure-time sedentary time were self-reported. Logistic regression models analyzed the association of PA and leisure-time sedentary time with CVD prevalence individually and jointly. Restricted cubic spline analyses assessed dose-response relationships. Isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate substituting leisure-time sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with CVD prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of CVD was 31.8 %. Compared to the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile of total PA had a 32 % lower CVD prevalence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.68, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.74; <em>P</em> for trend &lt;0.001). The fully adjusted OR for the highest quartile of leisure-time sedentary time compared to the lowest quartile was 1.09 (1.01–1.18; <em>P</em> for trend =0.04). An L-shaped dose-response relationship was observed between PA and CVD prevalence. An active lifestyle and reduced daily leisure-time sedentary time were associated with a 26 % (0.74 [0.63–0.86]) lower CVD prevalence. Additionally, substituting 30 min/day of leisure-time sedentary time with equivalent MVPA was associated with a 2 % (0.98 [0.97–0.99]) reduction in CVD prevalence. Substituting sedentary time with LPA was associated with a lower CVD prevalence in females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An active lifestyle was associated with a lower prevalence of CVD in regional populations, suggesting a feasible strategy for CVD prevention and regional health promotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 102934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social isolation and loneliness and their association with all-cause mortality. A population-based longitudinal study in Norway: The Tromsø Study 1994–2023","authors":"Ola Løvsletten,&nbsp;Tormod Brenn","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased mortality, but few studies have assessed this association over long time in young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study sample comprised 9061 women and 8735 men aged 25 to 69 years who participated in the Tromsø4 survey (1994–95, baseline) of the Tromsø Study, Norway. A subset of the study sample also attended the Tromsø5 (2001), Tromsø6 (2007–08), and Tromsø7 (2015–16) surveys. Participants were followed up for all-cause mortality until November 2023; with 1630 women and 2099 men deceased. Information on social isolation (least isolated, modestly isolated, and most isolated) and loneliness (yes, no) were taken from self-administered questionnaires. Sex-specific, time-varying Cox models were employed, updating exposures and covariates from Tromsø5.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most-isolated versus least-isolated women and men had hazard ratios of 1.37 (95 % confidence interval 1.18–1.59) and 1.41 (1.25–1.60), respectively, after adjustment for covariates. These hazard ratios were higher in younger adults (HR = 1.55 in women and HR = 1.76 in men aged &lt;50 years at baseline), though the age-isolation interaction was not statistically significant in women (<em>P</em> = 0.26), but in men (<em>P</em> = 0.01). For loneliness, the adjusted hazard ratios were 1.51 (1.23–1.87) and 1.46 (1.16–1.84). Over time, 51 % and 47 % of participants remained most isolated at Tromsø5 and Tromsø7, respectively; 25 % of those initially lonely remained so at Tromsø5, while only 2.6 % of those initially non-lonely became lonely at Tromsø5.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both social isolation and loneliness are strongly associated with all-cause mortality, particularly among younger adults, underscoring their importance as public health concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anger and associated risk and protective factors among rural American adolescents: Implications for violence prevention","authors":"Rosalina Mills ,&nbsp;Christa L. Lilly ,&nbsp;Robin A. Pollini ,&nbsp;Keith J. Zullig ,&nbsp;Traci Jarrett ,&nbsp;Alfgeir L. Kristjansson","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescent violence in the United States is a prevalent public health problem and is understudied in rural settings. Anger is a significant risk factor for adolescent violence. To better craft adolescent violence interventions, it is important to examine anger and identify its most significant associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study examined (1) self-reported anger changes over time for rural American adolescents; and (2) structural, community, interpersonal, and individual level factors that may contribute to anger.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed self-reported survey data from West Virginian middle schoolers (<em>N</em> = 2861) with anger as the outcome. Data was collected twice yearly from October 2020 through April 2023. Independent variables included perceptions of inequality, individual socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood characteristics, family structure, support from adults at home and school, and harsh parenting.</div></div><div><h3>Analysis</h3><div>Generalized estimating equation Poisson regression models for main effects and gender interaction were used. Parameter estimates were exponentiated and interpreted as Rate Ratios (RR). Self-reported gender was an effect modifier.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant main effects included perceived inequality (RR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.97–0.99), SES (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98–0.99), supportive adults at school (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98–0.99), primary caregiver support (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98–0.99), and harsh parenting (RR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.05). Significant gender interaction terms included perceived harsh parenting (RR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.97–0.99) and supportive adults at school (RR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 1.00–1.02) for ‘other’ genders (i.e., participants identifying as neither boy nor girl) compared to boys.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings underline the importance of examining rural adolescent anger development and associated risk factors for designing prevention approaches to curb downstream violent behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of interventions to increase HPV vaccination acceptability and coverage in school-based programs: Findings from a pilot study in Quebec, Canada","authors":"Maude Dionne ,&nbsp;Chantal Sauvageau ,&nbsp;Doriane Etienne ,&nbsp;Holly O. Witteman ,&nbsp;Ève Dubé","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been offered in Quebec schools to 4th-grade (9–10 years old) girls since 2008 and boys since 2016. HPV vaccine coverage does not reach the 90 % target in many regions. This project evaluated the feasibility and the acceptability of interventions to improve HPV vaccine acceptability and coverage in school-based programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The evaluation was conducted in 32 Quebec schools in 2019–2020. We tested a strategy of three interventions implemented in sequence (face-to-face information session, email reminder with an online decision support tool, and telephone reminder using motivational interviewing (MI) techniques). Parents and school staff completed online surveys. School nurses participated in individual interviews. Key stakeholders participated in a workshop to identify enabling conditions and barriers to implementing interventions across Quebec.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The strategy was generally well-received by school staff, nurses, and parents. Many parents found the 3 interventions helpful to support their vaccination decision. Most parents (92 %) suggested that the face-to-face information session and the decision support tool (82 %) be offered to all parents. Nevertheless, delivering classroom presentations was perceived by nurses as logistically challenging. Parents were generally satisfied with the telephone reminder, but only a limited number of nurses applied motivational interviewing techniques, as half (51 %) of unreturned consent forms were due to forgetfulness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our strategy was accepted and deemed feasible by a majority of parents, school staff, and nurses. Collaboration between health authorities and schools is essential for implementing interventions to enhance vaccine acceptance in school-based programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival benefit of metformin use according to cancer diagnosis in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome","authors":"Ji Soo Park ,&nbsp;Soo Jin Moon ,&nbsp;Hyung Seok Park ,&nbsp;Sang-Hoon Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a disease cluster causing cardiovascular disease, cancer, and high mortality. Metformin is the most common antidiabetic agent inhibiting the tumorigenesis and insulin resistance of MetSyn. We describe the association between metformin intake and survival of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and MetSyn, according to the presence of cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality of patients with T2DM and MetSyn using a 5-year dataset between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013 derived from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate metformin effects adjusted for other potential confounding variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among a total of 43,043 patients with both MetSyn and T2DM, 24,725 patients (57.4 %) received metformin regularly. Female sex, high income, regular exercise, and metformin use were good prognostic factors, whereas hypertension, current smoking, cancer, and diabetes medication (except metformin) were poor prognostic factors. After adjustment for possible confounding variables, metformin showed a significant effect on patient survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.75; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The effect of metformin was pronounced on the group of patients with liver, lung, colorectal, or prostate cancers (HR, 0.57; CI, 0.46–0.70).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Metformin intake may be related to favorable survival among patients with T2DM and MetSyn. The efficacy might be more remarkable in those with liver, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancers. The potential benefit of metformin in patients with these risk factors should be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence and seasonal patterns of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents in Central China: a three-year single-center study","authors":"Lei Xi ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Rao,&nbsp;Ye Zeng,&nbsp;Yun Xiang,&nbsp;Changzhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adolescents in Central China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In total, 8,248 children and adolescents aged 0–18 years at a children’s hospital from January 2019 to February 2022, were recruited. Their serum vitamin D levels were measured, and monthly meteorological and air pollution data were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall mean serum vitamin D level was 37.7 ± 17.7 ng/mL, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 17.7 % and 23.4 %, respectively. Children aged 13–18 years had the highest vitamin D deficiency rate (64.1 %) and the lowest sufficiency rate (4.8 %). The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in girls, especially those aged 6–13 years and 13–18 years, was higher compared to boys. The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in winter (23.2 %), whereas the lowest was found in autumn (12.0 %). Vitamin D insufficiency was most prevalent in summer (27.0 %), significantly higher than in other seasons. Girls were more prone than boys to vitamin D deficiency in spring and summer. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between vitamin D levels, nitrogen dioxide concentrations, and sunshine hours and a negative correlation with particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study found high vitamin D deficiency among children in central China, especially girls aged 13–18. Strategies should include promoting sunlight, reducing air pollution, and considering supplementation, particularly in spring and summer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public acceptability and anticipated uptake of risk-stratified bowel cancer screening in the UK: An online survey","authors":"Lily C. Taylor,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Dennison,&nbsp;Juliet A. Usher-Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to quantify public acceptability and anticipated uptake with risk stratification incorporated at three points on the bowel cancer screening pathway, compared with current screening in England.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an online population-based survey of 1,203 UK adults in 2024. The main outcome measures were overall acceptability of three strategies where risk stratification is introduced at 1) the point of eligibility, 2) the referral threshold and 3) the screening interval, compared with the current programme (screening as usual), and the acceptability of high- and low-risk screening practices at each point. Other outcomes included anticipated uptake of screening and the acceptability of data collection methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Acceptability of risk-stratified eligibility and referral thresholds was significantly greater than for screening as usual (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). There was no difference for stratified intervals. At all three points, more intense screening for those at high-risk was more acceptable and less intense screening for those at low-risk less acceptable when compared with screening as usual (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). The anticipated likelihood of taking up screening was also significantly higher if at high-risk and significantly lower if at low-risk, compared with screening as usual for all strategies (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Participants expressed strong acceptability for risk-stratified bowel cancer screening, particularly for risk-stratified eligibility and thresholds for referral. However, acceptability for less intense screening for those at low-risk was lower than for the current programme and may negatively impact uptake. This suggests that the design and framing of risk groups requires careful consideration and communication with the public.</div></div><div><h3>Patient and public contribution</h3><div>Three members of the public contributed through online correspondence to the development of the survey and participant-facing documents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of racism experience with gun purchase during COVID-19: Evidence from a national survey in the United States","authors":"Dejun Su ,&nbsp;Khalid Alshehri ,&nbsp;Brooke Lawson","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Concurrent with a substantial surge in gun purchases among Americans during COVID-19, there was an escalation of racism and hate crimes in the United States. Despite this disturbing trend, little is known about whether and the extent to which racism experience is linked to gun purchase during the pandemic. This study aims to examine the association between experience of racial discrimination and gun purchase among Americans during COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on data from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic Survey (n = 2,584), a national survey conducted in the U.S. in October 2020, chi-square tests and logistic regressions were estimated to examine the association between racism experience and gun purchase during COVID-19 with and without controlling for selected covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>About 6.9 % of the sample reported gun purchases during COVID-19. Among respondents who reported experience of racism, 18.3 % purchased a gun as compared to 5.8 % among those who did not report experience of racism. Relative to respondents with no experience of racism, the odds of gun purchase for those who reported racism experience became 257 % as much (AOR = 2.57, 95 % CI: 1.63, 4.04) after controlling for other covariates in the analysis. Non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to report gun purchases than non-Hispanic Whites (AOR = 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.04, 3.10).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Americans who reported experience of racism during COVID-19 were far more likely to purchase a gun than those otherwise. These findings elevate the need for addressing racism as an important risk factor of firearm violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}