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Multiple myeloma presenting as an ill-defined osteolytic lesion of the mandibular condyle: A case report and literature review 多发性骨髓瘤表现为下颌髁不明确的溶骨性病变：1例报告和文献复习
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100394
Connor Capobianco , Mariela Padilla , Jungsuk Cho , Lauren Levi
{"title":"Multiple myeloma presenting as an ill-defined osteolytic lesion of the mandibular condyle: A case report and literature review","authors":"Connor Capobianco ,&nbsp;Mariela Padilla ,&nbsp;Jungsuk Cho ,&nbsp;Lauren Levi","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteolytic lesions of the mandibular condyle can represent a diverse range of differential diagnoses, including malignancies such as metastatic disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and multiple myeloma. This case report details a 40-year-old male with a 3-year history of right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, initially misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorder. Comprehensive imaging studies, including cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), maxillofacial computed tomography (CT), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), revealed extensive osteolytic lesions in the mandible, frontal bone, and cervical spine. A CT-guided biopsy confirmed the presence of a plasma cell neoplasm, leading to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This case report emphasizes the need for vigilance and comprehensive diagnostic approaches in clinical practice to avoid delays in the identification and treatment of serious underlying conditions such as malignancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unusual displacement of maxillary lateral incisor into the orbital floor after panfacial trauma: A case report 全面外伤后上颌侧切牙异常移位至眶底1例
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100406
Mojtaba Salehi Karizmeh, Farnaz Keyhanlou
{"title":"Unusual displacement of maxillary lateral incisor into the orbital floor after panfacial trauma: A case report","authors":"Mojtaba Salehi Karizmeh,&nbsp;Farnaz Keyhanlou","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Panfacial trauma often involves extensive fractures across the facial skeleton and is frequently associated with dentoalveolar injuries. In cases with missing teeth, extra caution is needed, as avulsed teeth or fragments may be displaced into adjacent structures such as the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, airway, or even the gastrointestinal tract. This report presents a rare case of a maxillary lateral incisor displaced into the orbital floor following panfacial trauma. The case highlights the critical importance of thorough clinical and radiographic assessment, particularly with CT imaging, to ensure accurate diagnosis, prevent complications, and achieve optimal management in panfacial trauma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical and histopathological features of the first known case of glycogenic acanthosis resembling an isolated gingival tumour: A case report 第一例糖原性棘层病的临床和组织病理学特征，类似于孤立的牙龈肿瘤：1例报告
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100397
Svyat Strokov , Anne-Laure Ejeil , Hélène Raybaud , Christine Voha , Sophie-Myriam Dridi
{"title":"Clinical and histopathological features of the first known case of glycogenic acanthosis resembling an isolated gingival tumour: A case report","authors":"Svyat Strokov ,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Ejeil ,&nbsp;Hélène Raybaud ,&nbsp;Christine Voha ,&nbsp;Sophie-Myriam Dridi","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycogenic acanthosis is a common benign lesion of the oesophagus. However, extra-oesophageal localisations in the larynx and oral mucosa in the form of white, papular or plaque-like lesions are possible. We report a nodular gingival form which, to our knowledge, has not been previously observed or published in the scientific literature. This clinical case, presented according to the CARE guidelines, concerns a 63-year-old woman patient in good general health who was diagnosed with glycogenic acanthosis taking the original form of an isolated asymptomatic gingival nodule mimicking a pseudotumour or tumour. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry. No complications or recurrences were noted after removal of the nodule. Although oral glycogenic acanthosis is included in the differential diagnosis of leukoplakia, this case report suggests that this diagnostic hypothesis should also be considered in the presence of an isolated gingival nodule. This iconographic aid, supplemented by a review of the literature, is designed to assist the odontologist in the diagnostic process, from clinical examination to anatomopathological examination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surgical excision of an ulcerating post-auricular infantile hemangioma with refractory hemorrhage 顽固性出血的婴幼儿耳后溃疡性血管瘤的手术切除
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100389
Rami Ezzibdeh , Mohamed Diop , Taseer Din , Brooke M. Su-Velez , Tulio Valdez
{"title":"Surgical excision of an ulcerating post-auricular infantile hemangioma with refractory hemorrhage","authors":"Rami Ezzibdeh ,&nbsp;Mohamed Diop ,&nbsp;Taseer Din ,&nbsp;Brooke M. Su-Velez ,&nbsp;Tulio Valdez","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infantile hemangiomas are the most common childhood tumor and most frequently appear in the head and neck. Beta-blockers like propranolol have become the standard therapy for hemangiomas and consequently surgical management is becoming increasingly rare. In this report we present the case of an ulcerating post-auricular hemangioma resulting in acute blood loss and requiring urgent surgery for hemorrhage control. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of infantile hemangiomas as progression to ulceration can lead to refractory bleeding needing urgent intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Osteo-myo-cutaneous 5th rib-pectoralis major flap in complex mandibular ameloblastoma: A practical solution for low-resources settings 骨-肌-皮第5肋-胸大肌瓣治疗复杂的下颌成釉细胞瘤：一种低资源环境下的实用方法
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100393
Norman A. Rendón Mejía , Natanael Flores González , Yidam Irak Villa Martínez , Nancy Martinez Varela , Arturo Zamora Perea , Eric Sánchez Tellez , Hansel Gabriel Gómez Arámbula
{"title":"Osteo-myo-cutaneous 5th rib-pectoralis major flap in complex mandibular ameloblastoma: A practical solution for low-resources settings","authors":"Norman A. Rendón Mejía ,&nbsp;Natanael Flores González ,&nbsp;Yidam Irak Villa Martínez ,&nbsp;Nancy Martinez Varela ,&nbsp;Arturo Zamora Perea ,&nbsp;Eric Sánchez Tellez ,&nbsp;Hansel Gabriel Gómez Arámbula","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ameloblastoma, representing 1.3 % of all jaw tumors and ranking as the second most prevalent odontogenic neoplasm, is a benign yet locally invasive tumor. In developing countries, patients frequently present with advanced-stage lesions due to delayed medical intervention. Clinically, these tumors manifest as slow-growing, painless masses; however, their aggressive behavior often results in rapid expansion, causing tooth mobility, displacement, and facial deformity. Surgical resection remains the gold standard for management. Preoperative evaluation necessitates a comprehensive assessment of the patient's medical history, tumor location, macroscopic dimensions, and histopathological subtype. Post-resection, significant mandibular defects often necessitate reconstruction to restore shape and function. The fifth rib-pectoralis major osteo-myo-cutaneous flap has emerged as a robust reconstructive option, particularly in resource-limited settings. This technique leverages the flap's acromion-pectoral blood supply to transfer a spade-shaped segment of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and rib with reliability. It facilitates rapid oral rehabilitation, requires no microsurgical expertise, and minimizes operative time.</div><div>We present the case of a 44-year-old Rarámuri woman with a seven-year history of a left mandibular mass. Symptomatic progression—marked by pain and oral intolerance—prompted referral to our center. She underwent left mandibulectomy with immediate reconstruction using the osteo-myo-cutaneous flap. Postoperatively, she was discharged on day 14 with a gastrostomy tube and tracheostomy to manage neck edema, tolerating enteral feeds without complications. Follow-up revealed no significant adverse events, underscoring the flap's efficacy in challenging clinical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mandibular osteomyelitis and Lemierre's syndrome following third molar extraction in a young adult – A case report 青年第三磨牙拔除后的下颌骨髓炎和Lemierre综合征1例报告
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100391
George Ho , Eden Marco , Manuel Carcao , Pierre-Philippe Piche-Renaud , Dale Podolsky
{"title":"Mandibular osteomyelitis and Lemierre's syndrome following third molar extraction in a young adult – A case report","authors":"George Ho ,&nbsp;Eden Marco ,&nbsp;Manuel Carcao ,&nbsp;Pierre-Philippe Piche-Renaud ,&nbsp;Dale Podolsky","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition that involves septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) most commonly as a complication of oropharyngeal bacterial infections. It is even more rare in association with infection following third molar extraction. A 17-year-old male developed septic osteomyelitis with <em>Moraxella osloensis</em> bacteremia and Lemierre's syndrome resulting in complete occlusion of the IJV following routine third molar extraction. The patient required urgent operative debridement of the mandible as well as long-term antibiotics to treat the osteomyelitis and anticoagulant therapy to treat the IJV occlusion. The patient made a complete recovery. Clinicians should be aware that Lemierre's syndrome can complicate mandibular osteomyelitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap with islanded bony segments for maxilla reconstruction: A case report 前臂桡骨皮游离皮瓣重建上颌骨1例
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100401
Emily DuBuc , Russell Arellanes , Greta Guillette , Changxing Liu
{"title":"Osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap with islanded bony segments for maxilla reconstruction: A case report","authors":"Emily DuBuc ,&nbsp;Russell Arellanes ,&nbsp;Greta Guillette ,&nbsp;Changxing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maxillofacial LeFort 1 surgery is a widely used procedure for correcting midface deformities, but it can occasionally result in rare and destructive complications such as non-union of osteotomy gaps and maxillary necrosis. Addressing these complications requires careful consideration of their severity, the surgeon's expertise, and the patient's desired outcomes. Comprehensive imaging, a detailed surgical history, and thorough preoperative planning are essential. We present the case of a 61-year-old Caucasian male referred to the otolaryngology – head and neck surgery clinic for bilateral oroantral fistulas, with multiple failed repair attempts following LeFort I osteotomy for midfacial deformity correction. Reconstruction was performed using an osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap with two separate osteotomy segments to fill the bony defect and seal the fistulas, resulting in full resolution of symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Managing wound complications in hypoglossal nerve stimulation: Prevention strategies and criteria for avoiding device explantation 舌下神经刺激术中伤口并发症的处理：避免器械外植的预防策略和标准
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100398
Kai-Yuan Hsiao , Martha Lucía Gutiérrez Pérez , Patrícia S. Cé , Thomaz Fleury Curado
{"title":"Managing wound complications in hypoglossal nerve stimulation: Prevention strategies and criteria for avoiding device explantation","authors":"Kai-Yuan Hsiao ,&nbsp;Martha Lucía Gutiérrez Pérez ,&nbsp;Patrícia S. Cé ,&nbsp;Thomaz Fleury Curado","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is a proven treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, yet its invasive nature raises concerns about wound complications. This case series examines three distinct postoperative scenarios: (1) early infection in a patient with poor glycemic control and inadequate self-care, (2) late-stage infection in a patient with prolonged device non-use, and (3) early wound dehiscence caused by nonadherence to postoperative restrictions, successfully managed with a novel wound management protocol that preserved the device. These cases highlight the importance of comprehensive risk assessment, adherence to postoperative guidelines, the control of metabolic diseases and individualized management strategies to preserve device functionality while reducing healthcare costs. Notably, this is the first report demonstrating successful device retention in hypoglossal nerve stimulation despite wound dehiscence. Further studies are essential to refine risk stratification and establish evidence-based treatment protocols for this innovative and increasingly utilized therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rare and silent: Diagnostic and surgical pathways in extracranial hypoglossal schwannoma resection 罕见和沉默：颅外舌下神经鞘瘤切除术的诊断和手术途径
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100395
Ananth S. Mathad , Surbhi Varshney , Vidya Monappa , Adarsh Ishwar Hegde , Naveen AN Kumar
{"title":"Rare and silent: Diagnostic and surgical pathways in extracranial hypoglossal schwannoma resection","authors":"Ananth S. Mathad ,&nbsp;Surbhi Varshney ,&nbsp;Vidya Monappa ,&nbsp;Adarsh Ishwar Hegde ,&nbsp;Naveen AN Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoglossal schwannomas are rare cranial nerve tumors that often present with subtle symptoms, complicating diagnosis and management. This report details a case of a 44-year-old female with a three-week history of dizziness, mild dysphagia, and pharyngeal swelling region. MRI revealed a 3 x 4 × 5 cm parapharyngeal mass displacing the internal carotid artery in the right carotid space. The patient successfully underwent surgical resection, achieving complete tumor excision while preserving nerve function. This case highlights the importance of detailed imaging, a high suspicion for rare cranial nerve tumors, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to their management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maxillary angiosarcoma: a case report and literature review 上颌血管肉瘤1例报告并文献复习
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100403
Kamdem Benedikta , Sala Nathalie , Broome Martin , May Laurence
{"title":"Maxillary angiosarcoma: a case report and literature review","authors":"Kamdem Benedikta ,&nbsp;Sala Nathalie ,&nbsp;Broome Martin ,&nbsp;May Laurence","doi":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.omsc.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasia developing from endothelial cells, comprising only 2 % of soft tissues sarcomas. While primarily affecting soft tissues and skin, its occurrence in the oral cavity is exceptionally rare (1.6 %). We present the case of a 78-year-old woman with a nodular gingival lesion initially suspected as squamous cell carcinoma. Despite an uneventful postoperative course following maxillectomy, the histological examination revealed angiosarcoma. Discussion highlights the diagnostic challenges due to its varied clinical and histological presentation, often mimicking other lesions. Treatment involves complete surgical excision, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the prognosis remains poor, with a high recurrence rate and metastatic potential. Our case underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis through comprehensive clinical, radiological, and histological evaluation, emphasizing the need for early detection and multidisciplinary management to improve outcomes in angiosarcoma patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38030,"journal":{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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