IJC Heart and Vasculature最新文献

{"title":"Peripheral microvascular function and long-term cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease","authors":"Ya-Wen Lu,&nbsp;Chuan-Tsai Tsai,&nbsp;Chun-Chin Chang,&nbsp;Ruey-Hsing Chou,&nbsp;Chin-Sung Kuo,&nbsp;Po-Hsun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) continue to experience recurrent ischemic symptoms and adverse cardiovascular events. Skin post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) is a noninvasive measure of systemic microvascular function that may add prognostic information beyond epicardial coronary anatomy, but its relation to long-term cardiovascular outcomes after PCI has not been well defined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively established CAD registry that included 197 patients with obstructive CAD who underwent PCI and baseline assessment of the skin PORH response. Long-term composite cardiovascular outcomes were evaluated over follow-up of up to 5 years using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression, with propensity score matching used as a sensitivity analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age of the cohort was 66 years, and 84.8% of patients were male. Compared with those in the higher PORH group, patients with a lower PORH index had more cardiometabolic comorbidities and experienced significantly higher rates of long-term composite cardiovascular events. In multivariable Cox analysis, a higher PORH index was independently associated with a lower risk of composite cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.422; 95% confidence interval, 0.198–0.898), and this inverse association was preserved in the propensity score–matched cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In patients with obstructive CAD undergoing PCI, impaired skin PORH was independently associated with an increased risk of long-term composite cardiovascular events. These findings support a potential role for skin microvascular assessment in cardiovascular risk stratification, and warrant confirmation in larger prospective studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of NLR, MLR, and (neutrophil + monocyte)/lymphocyte ratio with 30-day mortality in diabetic ICU patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Jiazheng Chen,&nbsp;Yuxin Liang,&nbsp;Jiabei Wu,&nbsp;Hongli Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Wang,&nbsp;Feitong Qin,&nbsp;Zhijun Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heart failure (HF) is a common complication in diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting approximately 40% of HF patients. While inflammation plays a crucial role in both conditions, the prognostic value of inflammatory markers in patients with both DM and HF remains unestablished.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the associations of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and (neutrophil + monocyte)/lymphocyte ratio (NMLR) with 30-day mortality in ICU patients with both DM and HF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study analyzed 1318 patients with both HF and DM from the MIMIC-IV database. NLR, MLR, and NMLR were calculated from complete blood counts within 24 h of ICU admission. Multivariate Cox regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and ROC curves assessed predictive performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1318 patients, 239 died within 30 days. The deceased group had significantly higher median values of NLR (10.9 vs. 6.5), MLR (0.9 vs. 0.4), and NMLR (12.1 vs. 7.0) compared to survivors (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). After adjustment, each one-unit increase in MLR was associated with 11% increased mortality risk (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.19, <em>P</em> = 0.002), while NMLR and NLR showed 1% increases, respectively (NMLR: HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1–1.01; NLR: HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1–1.01; both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). MLR demonstrated the highest discriminative capacity (AUC = 0.672), followed by NMLR (AUC = 0.658) and NLR (AUC = 0.650).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NLR, MLR, and NMLR are independent predictors of 30-day mortality in ICU patients with DM and HF, with MLR showing superior discriminative capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in vascular function among individuals with heart failure: a systematic review","authors":"Sara Younas,&nbsp;Nduka C. Okwose,&nbsp;Amy S. Fuller,&nbsp;Renae J. Stefanetti,&nbsp;Sarah J. Charman,&nbsp;Fatima Bano,&nbsp;Milan Dobric,&nbsp;Milovan Bojic,&nbsp;Petar M. Seferovic,&nbsp;Prithwish Banerjee,&nbsp;Djordje G. Jakovljevic","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is more prevalent in women, whereas heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) predominates in men. Despite these well-established epidemiological differences, sex-specific alterations in vascular function in heart failure (HF) remain poorly characterised. This systematic review, using a narrative synthesis approach, evaluated sex-related differences in vascular function in individuals with HF. The review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024617745). MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched from inception to 26th November 2024 for studies reporting sex-stratified measures of arterial stiffness among individuals with HF. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion (<em>n</em> = 2820; men: <em>n</em> = 1390, women: <em>n</em> = 1430). Of the included studies, 78% were characterised as HFpEF. Compared with men, women exhibited a higher pulsatile arterial load and lower arterial compliance. Representative findings from individual studies showed that women exhibited a higher augmentation index (28.9 ± 13.7% vs 21.7 ± 11.9%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and augmentation pressure (19.1 ± 12.4 vs 13.7 ± 10.1 mmHg, <em>p</em> = 0.003). Body mass index (BMI) showed variable relationships with arterial stiffness indices, including positive associations with pulse wave velocity (<em>r</em> = 0.24, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), central pulse pressure (<em>r</em> = 0.33, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and augmentation index (<em>r</em> = 0.23, <em>p</em> = 0.01), but an inverse relationship was found with cardio-ankle vascular index (<em>r</em> = −0.204, p &lt; 0.001). Importantly, sex differences in HFpEF remained significant after adjustment for BMI. Women with HF exhibit higher pulsatile arterial load and reduced arterial compliance compared with men, which remain after adjustment for BMI. Sex-specific vascular dysfunction contributes to HF pathophysiology and supports the need for sex-informed assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs in myocarditis: promising biological signals, but not yet a clinical test","authors":"Massimo Imazio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced prediction of coronary heart disease risk in diabetic patients via Machine learning incorporating multiple inflammatory and metabolic indices: A study with Dual-Cohort validation","authors":"Pinpeng Xie,&nbsp;Xiangzhen Ran,&nbsp;Weichun Zhu,&nbsp;Yunfang Xie,&nbsp;Youran Dong,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Chungang Zhai,&nbsp;Lei Qiao,&nbsp;Jianmin Yang,&nbsp;Wenqiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) facing markedly elevated risk due to complex inflammatory and metabolic disturbances. Emerging composite inflammatory and metabolic indices have demonstrated promise in enhancing cardiovascular risk stratification, yet research quantifying and comparing their respective predictive performance and assessing their relative contributions remains limited. This study aimed to develop a clinically applicable model for early CHD risk prediction in diabetic patients using novel composite inflammatory and metabolic indices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized data from 3379 diabetic participants in the NHANES 1999–2018 survey cycles. Additionally, an independent external set of 902 patients from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University served as the validation cohort. Novel inflammatory and metabolic indices were calculated. Feature selection was performed via LASSO regression, the univariate logistic regression, and the Boruta algorithm. Nine machine learning (ML) models were developed using selected predictors. Model performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were used to interpret model predictions and identify key contributing features.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five composite indices UHR (uric acid-to-HDL ratio), MHR (monocyte-to-HDL ratio), NPAR (neutrophil-to-albumin ratio), NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), and AIP (atherogenic index of plasma) were identified as robust predictors of CHD. The random forest (RF) algorithm achieved the highest performance, with an AUC of 0.852 in the internal validation set and 0.713 in the external cohort. Calibration plots, Brier scores, and decision curve analysis further confirmed the RF model’s predictive reliability and clinical utility. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value analysis revealed that UHR, MHR, NLR, age, and hypertension were the key features driving CHD prediction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We developed and externally validated an ML model incorporating five composite inflammatory and metabolic indices (UHR, MHR, NLR, NPAR, AIP), which demonstrated promising performance in predicting CHD risk in diabetic patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “The Prognostic-Diagnostic paradox of lead aVR: from ‘STEMI-Equivalent’ to ‘High-Risk NOMI’ in the era of precision cardiology” [IJC Heart Vasc. 63 (2026) 101893]","authors":"Bin Deng,&nbsp;Wenhua Liu,&nbsp;Qingmin Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond circulating cGMP: revisiting compartmentalized signaling in HFrEF","authors":"Rene Pütz ,&nbsp;Melissa Herwig ,&nbsp;Simin Delalat ,&nbsp;Innas Sultana ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Akin ,&nbsp;Nazha Hamdani ,&nbsp;Ibrahim El-Battrawy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythm control in persistent atrial fibrillation improves endothelial function without uniform anti-inflammatory effects: A 9-month prospective cohort study","authors":"Maximilian Seidel,&nbsp;David Bogdahn,&nbsp;Felix S. Seibert,&nbsp;Moritz Anft,&nbsp;Sarah Skrzypczyk,&nbsp;Ulrik Stervbo,&nbsp;Eva Kohut,&nbsp;Kamil Rosiewicz,&nbsp;Benjamin Sasko,&nbsp;Christian Ukena,&nbsp;Nina Babel,&nbsp;Timm H. Westhoff","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While there is robust evidence, that inflammation contributes to AF pathogenesis, the existence of a reverse relation – whether AF contributes to inflammation − remains elusive. This study therefore evaluates the impact of rhythm control on systemic inflammation and endothelial function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective observational study, 124 patients with persistent AF undergoing successful rhythm control therapy (electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation) were followed for nine months. Various Cytokines, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and additional inflammatory biomarkers were measured at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 9 months. FMD was assessed by high-resolution brachial artery ultrasound. Patients with AF recurrence throughout the follow-up period were excluded from primary analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In patients without AF recurrence, FMD improved significantly from 6.3 % (4.6–8.3) to 7.6 % (5.1–8.8) (p &lt; 0.001). HsCRP, IL-8 and fibrinogen declined modestly (p = 0.002, p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively), whereas IL-2, IP-10, IL-12p70, MCP-1 and TNF-α increased significantly over time (all p &lt; 0.001). Elevated pre-treatment hsCRP was weakly associated with AF recurrence (r = 0.20, p = 0.023; AUC = 0.61). IL-6 showed temporal variation but no sustained change from baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rhythm control therapy in persistent AF is associated with an improvement of endothelial function but not with a homogeneous improvement of systemic inflammatory serological profiles. Thus, the improvement in FMD appears to be mediated primarily by hemodynamic restoration rather than anti-inflammatory effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Physical, Pharmacological, Pacemaker, and Cardioneuroablation Therapies for Patients with Vasovagal Syncope: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Haozhe Wang ,&nbsp;Yike Zhang ,&nbsp;Siyi Liao ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinmiao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vasovagal syncope (VVS) represents the most frequent syncope subtype, but evidence comparing treatment strategies remains limited. This network <em>meta</em>-analysis (NMA) evaluates physical, pharmacological, pacemaker, and cardioneuroablation (CNA) therapies for VVS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a Bayesian NMA of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The primary outcome was spontaneous syncope recurrence, and the secondary outcome was head-up tilt test (HUTT) positivity. Network geometry and treatment rankings were evaluated using Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 49 RCTs involving 2,798 patients assigned to various treatments were included. For spontaneous syncope recurrence, CNA [OR = 0.077, 95% CrI (0.015, 0.403)], pacing [OR = 0.075, 95% CrI (0.023, 0.22)], pharmacological [OR = 0.33, 95% CrI (0.11, 0.94)], and physical [OR = 0.27, 95% CrI (0.13, 0.57)] therapies were all superior to conventional therapy. Regarding HUTT outcomes, only pharmacological [OR = 5.5, 95% CrI (2.6, 12.0)] and physical [OR = 12, 95% CrI (2.9, 50.0)] therapies showed significant differences compared with placebo. Subgroup analysis identified dual-chamber pacing with closed-loop stimulation (DDD-CLS) as the highest-ranked therapy. Midodrine was the superior pharmacological option, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors demonstrated efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This NMA supports a stratified management approach for VVS. Physical and conventional therapies should be first-line. DDD-CLS pacing shows superior efficacy for cardioinhibitory VVS, while midodrine is the preferred pharmacological option. Although CNA demonstrates promise, it is constrained by limited direct evidence and should be considered hypothesis-generating, underscoring the need for head-to-head RCTs with long-term follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holter features to detect coronary artery spasm in ANOCA patients: A pilot study","authors":"Diantha JM Schipaanboord ,&nbsp;Caïa Crooijmans ,&nbsp;Nicole S Erler ,&nbsp;Peter David Faasse ,&nbsp;Tijn PJ Jansen ,&nbsp;Timo Nijkamp ,&nbsp;Saskia ZH Rittersma ,&nbsp;Tim P van de Hoef ,&nbsp;Pim van der Harst ,&nbsp;Aukelien C Dimitriu-Leen ,&nbsp;Peter Damman ,&nbsp;Suzette E Elias-Smale ,&nbsp;René van Es ,&nbsp;N Charlotte Onland-Moret ,&nbsp;Hester M den Ruijter ,&nbsp;on behalf of the IMPRESS consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcha.2026.101884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coronary artery spasm (CAS), which can be epicardial and/or microvascular, is highly prevalent in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) undergoing coronary function testing (CFT). The CFT is invasive and limits larger diagnostics studies. We studied if Holter monitoring with symptom tracking identifies Holter-based CAS features with diagnostic potential in ANOCA patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>42 ANOCA patients (88% female) were recruited in the UMCU-IMPRESS pilot study and wore a 12-lead Holter device for 2–7 days prior to CFT, with simultaneous symptom tracking. We compared symptoms and Holter-ECG characteristics between patients with and without CAS and calculated diagnostic measures for CAS using several thresholds for ischemia-related parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>33 Patients were diagnosed with CAS (79%). These patients more often had ≥ 1 min of ST depression in total per day compared to patients without CAS (≥0.035 mV: 88% vs 44%, p = 0.013; ≥0.040 mV: 73% vs 33%, p = 0.049), but discriminative ability was limited (AUC (95% CI): 0.65 (0.48–0.68)). Furthermore, patients with CAS had periods of lower heart rates and longer PQ and QT times than patients without CAS, most evident at night and early morning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with CAS more often demonstrated at least one minute of ST depression in total per day and exhibited periods of lower heart rates and longer PQ times mainly during the night and early morning compared to patients without CAS. Although discriminative ability was limited, we show that Holter monitoring may reveal signals in CAS patients, substantiating the need of large (AI-based) studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38026,"journal":{"name":"IJC Heart and Vasculature","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}