Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics最新文献

{"title":"Optically Interconnected Exchange/bypass Self-routing Node Arrays : Logic And Layout Design","authors":"M. Desmulliez, F. Tooley, J.G. Crowder, N. L. Grant, B. Wherrett, R. A. Novotny, P. Foulk","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700455","url":null,"abstract":"Details of the logic design and layout of exchange/bypass self-routing nodes will be presented. Silicon and gallium arsenide baaed technologies are used to layout the nodes. Performance metria of the pixels are quantified. w o n Sorting is recognized as a task for which the benefits of spacevariant non-local optical interconnects provide an increase in performance compared to its electronic counterpart [l]. It was also shown that considerable improvement in the computational time of the sorting can be achieved provided that dedicated hardware is designed in the form of smart pixels [ l j . Consequently, self-routing exchange/bypass modules have been designed in the ATSiT FET-SEED monolithic integration [2] and in the standard CMOS technologies. The smart pixel arrays t,-ill he used in a timemultiplexed multi-stage interconnection network (MIN) in which bitmic sorting is implemented with perfect shuffle interconnects [3]. FET-SEED exchange/bypass self-routing nodes The layout utilizes the monolithic integration technology developed by AT&T [2]. -4rra\";s d 4x2 two by two switching nodes and 4x4 two by one switching nodes have been fabricated (see figure 1). The two by two self-routing node is designed to latch at the first difference of the most significant bit of two bit serial optical input data streams. This state is set until an clectrical rcset signal frees the node for the presentation of a new word. This enables one output port to esliihir the maximum of the two input signals. The pixel area is 560pm by 280pm and is expected :o dissipate about 53mW of static electrical power. The output of the two bv one switching riocie (selection of one of the two input signals) is controlled externally by an electrical signal. The pixel area is 280pm by 2 8 0 p ~ . iC and DC measurements will be presented along with t1.e 7 parameters of the FET test devices. CMOS exchange/bypass self-routing nodes The large pixel area and high power density (34 W/cmz) of the GaAs based Iiode allows only an array of 8x8 pixels to be fully operational on a 1 cm2 chip with a heat removal capability oi .SW/cm'. The core of the new routing nodes laid out in 1pm CMOS. n-well double metal","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127327498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Speed Tunable Optical Filter With Variable Channel Spacing","authors":"E. Bradley, E. Miles, R. Stone, E. Wooten","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700512","url":null,"abstract":"_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ Optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a topic of great interest. A wide variety of components for WDM have been proposed and are under development The unbalanced Mach-Zehnder ( M Z ) interferometer on LiNbO3 is a promising candidate having the following advantages: (1) LiNbO3 waveguide fabrication is a mature commercial technology, (2) MZ based components are simple, (3) the number of channels can be increased by cascading multiple MZ devices, and (4) IaiNb03 is electro-optic, thus allowing wavelength selection on a nanosecond time scale suitable for high speed packet switching. We have developed a hybrid fiberbiNb03 interferometer. The hybrid approach is an intermediate step which allows us to test the control electronics during development of the fully integrated L i W 3 MZ chip. In addition, the hybrid MZ has the useful characteristic of adjustable channel spacing, ranging from 2 GHz to >loo0 GHz. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. The hybrid interferometer consists of two 50/50 polarization maintaining (PM) couplers, a high speed LiNbO3 phase modulator, a free space optical attenuator, and 40 meters of single mode PM fiber wrapped around both mechanical and piezoelectric stretchers. The optical attenuator is used to balance the loss in the phase modulator. The mechanical stretchers allow the path length imbalance between the arms of the interferometer to be varied from 0-10 mm, corresponding to filter channel spacings of > 1 GHz). The stretcher assembly is made from Invar and miihtains a stable path length imbalance over long periods of time. A precision reflectometer was used to measilre the optical path length difference (nM) in the interferometer. For this experiment n M was set at 6 mm, Corresponding to a 25 GHz channel spacing.","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128708834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially-integrating Spatial Light Modulators For Image Feature Extraction","authors":"R. Athale, S. Nasir, K. Raj, G. Moddel, S. Weichert","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700448","url":null,"abstract":"Optically-addressed Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) have been THE critical active element in optical image processing systems since early days. OriginalIy designed to perform simple image transduction (incoherentto coherent conversion, wavelength conversion, amplification), the operations performed by the SLMs have grown steadily over the past several years. The culmination of this trend has been in the incorporation of sophisticated electronic processing with each pixel in the \"Smart Pixel\" devices. A price paid in increasing the operational capability is increased fabrication complexity and (for a fmed &vice area) reduced space-bandwidth product of the images to be processed. In this paper we present a modification of the basic optically-addressed SLM design enabling it to perform image feature extraction operations. We first describe the design modZication, then give device fabrication details, present experimental results and summarize. An optically-addressed SLM consists on a sandwich of planar layers of transparent conducting electrode, photosensitive materid, a dielectric mirror to isolate input and output optical signals, a liquid crystal material and another transparent conducting electrode with a bias voltage applied across the two outer electrode layers. Such a device can perform linear or nonlinear transfer operations point-by-point on the input image incident on the photosensor layer. For image feature extraction, it is important to perform neighborhood operations where one point in the output image depends on a neighborhood of the corresponding point in the input. This neighborhood operation can be achieved by introducing an additional pattemed electrode layer between the dielectric mirror and the liquid crystal film. The schematic diagram of the modified SLM is shown in Figure 1. Since the patterned electrode layer establishes islands of equipotential regions which in turn modulate the liquid crystal film, the output image is divided into corresponding regions of equal intensity. The output intensity of a given region is proportional to the input light intensity spatially integrated over that region, hence the name Spatially Integrating Spatial Light Modulators (SI-SLM). It should be noted that the region of integration is totally determined by the floating electrode geometry and hence is under control of the designer. In this paper we describe a SI-SLM in which the floating electrode is divided into concentric rings in one half plane and circularly oriented wedges in the other half. This wedge-ring geometry in photodetectors has been proposed and demonstrated for extracting position, scale and rotation invariant features from the power spectrum of an image [l]. Implementing a similar structure in an SLM allows these features to be input to a subsequent optical neural net image classifier. This advantage is even more significant when one considers an optical system that calculates these features locally via a lenslet array and a co","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Pulse Train Generation Using Soliton Compression Of The Beat Signal Between Two Optical Carriers","authors":"E. Swanson, S. Chinn, R. Bondurant","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700508","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of high-repetition-rate (10-150 GHz) optical pulse trains may be required at numerous points within future time-domain optical networks, including at transmitters, receivers regenerators, multiplexor/demultiplexors, etc. There: are a wide range of techniques for generating such pulse trains including gain switched lasers, active and passive modelocking of bulk and fiber lasers, electroabsorptive modulators, and soliton compression of the beat signal between two CW lasers. The latter technique has shown promise as a source tunable (in repetition rate and wavelength) very high repetition-rate (>lo0 GHz) pulse streams.[l-41 The basic technique is shown in Figure 1. Two CW lasers are combined, amplified, and compressed using standard fiber, dispersion shifted fiber, or custom dispersion tailored fiber. The combined effects of dispersion and the nonlinear index of refraction lead to generation of near-transform-limited soliton pulse trains whose repetition rate is equal to the frequency separation between the two laser sources. Therefore very high repetition rates can be achieved with out the need for high frequency electronics.","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129991351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional 'antiresonant Reflecting Optical Waveguides' In AlGaAs/GaAs","authors":"R. Freye, T. Delonge, P. Bonsch, H. Fouckhardt","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700414","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental realization of a quasi-monomode antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide with core sizes of d,=5 pm in both cross sectional dimensions is presented for the first time (2D-ARROW). Only the fundamental mode is guided with low loss due to antiresonant reflection at Bragg layers compared to every other leaky mode. The fundamental mode field profile is similar in shape and size to that of a monomode glass fiber. Hence, efficient fiberchip coupling can be achieved with large coupling coefficients of 7-95 %. We chose AlGaAdGaAs as an exemplary material system.","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114805775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design And Characterization Of FET-SEED Smart Pixel Transceiver Arrays For Optical Backplanes","authors":"D. Plant, A. Shang, M. R. Otazo, B. Robertson, H. S. Hinton","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700452","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, we are developing the optical, optoelectronic, and optomechanical technology required to demonstrate a representative portion of a free-space optical backplane. Such a backplane can be created with two dimensional arrays of passive free-space Parallel Optical Channels (POCs) to optically interconnect the systems electronic Printed Circuit Boards and/or Multichip Modules (MCMs). Specific demonstration projects include the optical interconnection of PCBs via these passive optical channels using FET-SEED Smart Pixel transceivers. The first demonstrator will show the optical interconmtion of a 4 x 4 FET-SEED transmitter array mounted on one PCB to an opposing 4 x 4 FET-SEED receiver array mounted on an adjacent PCB.","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116973808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber-amplifier Cascades In 4-fiber Multiwavelength Interoffice Ring Networks","authors":"A. Elrefaie, M. Ali, R. Wagner, J. Pan, F. Mendez","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133941002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Symmetric And Asymmetric Mirrors","authors":"S. Murtaza, A. Srinivasan, Y. C. Shih, J. Campbell, B. Streetman, J. Bean, L.I. Peticolas","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700415","url":null,"abstract":"We report the successful combination of asymmetric and dual mirror designs to fabricate a strained-layer GeSi/Si Bragg mirror with twin peaks at 632 nm and 780 nm. We also report a dual GaAs/AlAs mirror resonant at 1.3 pm and 1.55 pm that can be used for long-wavelength telecommunication applications.","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133989460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems And Solutions To Designing And Fabricating Smart Pixels Using Monolithically Integrated HPTs And VCSELs","authors":"S. Feld, F. Beyette, K. Geib, R. D. Snyder, C. Wilmsen","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700471","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Recealt devdopmfalts in the fobricotiosl of microlaser .myr rrh m vertical cavity nufscs emitting lpsers (VCSEL) h v e raised axpecCPtiws for new archiin jtaralld optical computing. Many of the propolsd uchitecbures mrks use of arrays of functional aameplte, or pixels, which have opticalinputsdwtputs[1-2]. Thispapexdescriber the problems (LBBoc1ptBd with the design pnd fabricatim of 891pfi pixeb based 011 v a n , pnd","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132816403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-ended Operation Of FET-SEED Smart Pixels","authors":"T. K. Woodward, L. Chirovsky, R. A. Novotny, A.L. Lentinec","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.1994.700451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379594,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Integrated Optoelectronics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130484698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}