{"title":"Forward-looking super-resolution radar imaging via reweighted L1-minimization","authors":"Hyukjung Lee, J. Chun, Sungchan Song","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378601","url":null,"abstract":"A forward-looking scanning radar with a real aperture requires sharp beam width to achieve high cross-range resolution. Also, range resolution is limited by the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. We propose a method for yielding a 2D super-resolution radar image by reweighted ℓ1-minimization. Assuming reflectivity distribution of the frontal ground is sparse, — when there only exists dominant scattering points on the ground — imaging problem can be cast to compressive sensing framework so that the super-resolution radar image can be obtained. The super-resolution imaging radar can be adopted as a seeker for the frontal ground surveillance.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of the radar cross-section of dynamic human motions using virtual reality data and ray tracing","authors":"A. Singh, S. S. Ram, S. Vishwakarma","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378798","url":null,"abstract":"Radar returns from dynamic human motions are usually modeled using primitive based techniques. While the method is computationally simple and reasonably accurate in generating micro-Doppler signatures of humans, it is unreliable for predicting the radar cross-section (RCS) of the human especially at high frequencies. On the other hand, the shooting and bouncing ray method is effective for accurately measuring the RCS of humans. However, it has been carried out for only a single aspect or posture of the human. In this work, we present a method to simulate the radar cross-section of dynamic human motions across multiple postures by combining virtual reality data with shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) techniques. We convert each frame of human motion capture data to a poly-mesh structure of a human body and then incorporate the SBR technique for computing the resulting RCS. We verify the simulated results with measurement data at 24GHz.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"381 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115299215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Target recognition with adaptive waveforms in cognitive radar using practical target RCS responses","authors":"Q. Tan, R. Romero, D. Jenn","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378628","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we utilize high-fidelity electromagnetic-simulated RCS responses in a cognitive radar (CRr) platform performing target recognition. Previous works used arbitrarily generated target responses consisting of a few frequency resonances which are distinct across different targets. However, realistic target responses contain rich frequency components characterized by physical scattering centers of the target. It is therefore imperative to build on prior works by considering practical target responses. We utilize an improved waveform design technique known as probability-weighted energy (PWE) over classical spectral variance methods such as probability-weighted spectral variance (PWSV). Our results showed an improvement in classification performance of SNR and mutual information (MI)-based waveforms used in conjunction with PWE and PWSV update methods over receiver-adaptive wideband pulsed waveform using a CRr platform. In this work, we also consider a more complex case where the target's azimuth angle has some deviation such that the response from that target is not deterministic but rather from an ensemble of different responses as dictated by aspect angle uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134274050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna array based on planar dipole elements","authors":"Bin Li, Jin-ping Zhang, Ye Deng, Zhipeng Zhou","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378543","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile ultra-wideband antenna array for the phased array applications has been proposed in this article. In order to meet both the low-profile and ultra-wideband requirements, the antenna array is composed of planar dipole elements fed by a microstrip-coupled structure. The feeding method is optimized by using a vertical transition. The thickness of the antenna array is approximately 20 mm, which is less than one-tenth of the wavelength at the lower frequency. Simulated results indicate that the operating frequency range with VSWR < 2.0 (in the normal direction) is from 1.3 GHz to 3.3 GHz (87.0% relative bandwidth). The operating frequency range has satisfied specific requirements of the specific project. It can be further expanded if required. The active VSWR versus the different scan angles are then calculated. The obtained results show that the active VSWR is less than 2.0 and 3.0 in the band 1.3 ∼ 3.3 GHz while the range of scan angle is ±30° and ±45°, respectively. An 8×8 array is fabricated for the performance verification and the radiation patterns are measured in an anechoic chamber. Measured results confirm that this antenna array can be used properly in the phased array for compact applications.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"157 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113985948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on the performance of a complementary auxiliary antenna pattern for maisel sidelobe blanker","authors":"Dogancan Dinler, Ç. Candan, S. Koc","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378729","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of coupling between probability of target blanking (PTB ) and probability of blanking (PB ) in Maisel sidelobe blanker (SLB) is addressed and a complementary auxiliary antenna pattern is proposed for phased array radar systems. The numerical results indicate that the complementary pattern provides an improvement on PTB and PB especially for the cases where antennas have poor mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132589560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ViSAR: A 235 GHz radar for airborne applications","authors":"Seong-Hwoon Kim, Ryan Fan, Fred Dominski","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378797","url":null,"abstract":"Integration and flight test results of a first of a kind airborne radar operating in the EHF (extremely high frequency) band is described. This radar, developed under the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) ViSAR (Video Synthetic Aperture Radar) program operates at 235 GHz over multiple GHz of bandwidth and provides high resolution, video SAR imagery at a very low frame latency to support real time operations. The imagery is generated at a high refresh rate which provides the operator, whether on a manned platform or remotely piloted unmanned air vehicle (UAV) tactical situational awareness of moving targets or changes to stationary scene content. The system was flight tested onboard a DC-3 aircraft and flown in a variety of environmental conditions. The test results produced exceptional SAR imagery and ground moving target indicator (GMTI) detections to validate many model based assumptions about the operation and RF performance in this frequency band.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123970303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phased array radar cost reduction through the use of commercial RF systems on a chip","authors":"Rory Fagan, F. Robey, L. Miller","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378686","url":null,"abstract":"Phased array radar systems have not yet made the cost and performance breakthrough needed for fielding in the large numbers required to support air traffic control or distributed weather radar. While there has been significant cost reduction in the aperture, the cost of the RF components for beamforming and signal distribution are still prohibitive. Emerging commercial RF Systems on a Chip (RFSoC) have the potential to address these cost challenges while at the same time providing the ability to implement real-time digital signal processing algorithms not possible just a few years ago. Under the DARPA Arrays at Commercial Timescales (ACT) program and through internal funding we demonstrated the use of a prototype RFSoC as a software defined receiver and waveform generator along with real-time adaptive beamforming in an S-band phased array radar. The focus of the research has been to demonstrate the potential improvement for size weight and power (SWaP), real-time signal processing capacity and advanced design processes for rapid algorithm implementation. The pre-production RFSoC prototype demonstrates the potential value of RFSoC and rapid algorithm development for next generation radar systems.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115271866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast back-projection autofocus for linear array SAR 3-D imaging via maximum sharpness","authors":"Shunjun Wei, Liming Zhou, Xiaoling Zhang, Jun Shi","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378614","url":null,"abstract":"Autofocusing technique is an indispensable step for linear array SAR (LASAR) three-dimensional (3-D) high quality imaging. However, the existing autofocus methods used for LASAR usually suffer from low accuracy or heavy computation burden, due to the non-uniform antenna phase centers (APC) and the huge data of LASAR. In this paper, a novel fast back-projection autofocusing algorithm via maximum sharpness (BP-FMSA), is proposed for LASAR 3-D autofocus imaging. In the scheme, the autofocus model via maximum sharpness back-projection is constructed, and the expression of phase error estimation is derived. Then, the conjugate gradient method is introduced to efficiency estimate the phase errors of LASAR. Moreover, to further improve the computing efficiency of BP-FMSA, only the area consisted by dominant scatterers are selected as the input of sharpness estimation. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated with both simulation and experimental examples.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127897332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guojun Jiang, X. Mao, Mianzhi Wang, Yongtan Liu, A. Nehorai
{"title":"Underdetermined DOA estimation with unknown source number in nonuniform noise","authors":"Guojun Jiang, X. Mao, Mianzhi Wang, Yongtan Liu, A. Nehorai","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378773","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimator for nested arrays, which does not require source number knowledge and works in the presence of nonuniform noise. We first give the number of unique elements and the number of elements which appear more than once in the difference coarray obtained from the nested arrays. Then we construct 2N — 5 Toeplitz matrices based on the elements appearing more than once. Finally, we introduce a method for DOA estimation which does not require the source number information. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132980248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A modified matrix CFAR detector based on maximum eigenvalue for target detection in the sea clutter","authors":"Wenjing Zhao, Minglu Jin, Wenlong Liu","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378679","url":null,"abstract":"Riemannian distance based matrix constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector under small number of pulses provides a novel mechanism for detecting radar targets against the background of sea clutter. However, the computational complexity of this detector is heavy. In this paper, using the maximum eigenvalue, we propose two blind algorithms for rank one signal. The proposed methods achieve high detection rates with low computational complexity in which the maximum eigenvalue is employed as the test statistic to modify the Riemannian method. Furthermore, the CFAR property is derived by the group invariant theory. The computational complexity is also analyzed and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed detection methods.","PeriodicalId":379567,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121103447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}