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Women business owners’ start-up motivations and network structure 女企业主创业动机与网络结构
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-28 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.51
Jalleh Sharafizad, Alan Coetzer
{"title":"Women business owners’ start-up motivations and network structure","authors":"Jalleh Sharafizad, Alan Coetzer","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.51","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research responds to calls for studies aimed at developing a more nuanced understanding of women small business owners’ networking behaviours and structures. The study examined whether business start-up motivations and phase of the business (prestart-up, start-up and established) influenced women’s networking behaviours and structures. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 women. Interview data were used to categorise participants into classic, forced, and work–family owners. Analysis of the interviews found no marked differences in networking behaviours and network structures of participants during prestart-up phase. During start-up and established phases differences began to emerge. Given that classic and forced owners had established their businesses for financial reasons, a diverse network was more relevant for them. However, work–family participants established the business for family/work balance, thus a small network of close ties was sufficient to achieve their business goals. Theoretical, practical and research implications of the findings are outlined.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123209152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
The influence of knowledge networks on a firm’s innovative performance 知识网络对企业创新绩效的影响
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-07 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.32
S. Fang, Ming-Chao Wang, Pei-Chen Chen
{"title":"The influence of knowledge networks on a firm’s innovative performance","authors":"S. Fang, Ming-Chao Wang, Pei-Chen Chen","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.32","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the concept of knowledge networks in order to disclose how firms are able to increase innovative performance as a result of network structure and network content, which concern how firms connect with network partners (network structure), what the essence of exchange is for firms to acquire knowledge in the network (knowledge heterogeneity), and why firms need to cooperate with others (knowledge cognition). By using a sample of 144 high-technology firms in Taiwan’s science parks to test the hypotheses, the results of this study show that, while network structures do impact on a firm’s innovative performance, access to heterogeneous knowledge and increasing a firm’s knowledge in terms of defining and recognizing novel knowledge should be considered, since both play critical roles in facilitating innovative performance. These findings suggest that knowledge flow through a firm’s relationships must be understood in terms of network structure and content.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116696747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Independent professionals (IPros) and well-being: An emerging focus for research? 独立专业人员(IPros)和幸福感:一个新兴的研究焦点?
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.54
Michel Syrett
{"title":"Independent professionals (IPros) and well-being: An emerging focus for research?","authors":"Michel Syrett","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.54","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the author, a freelance writer and researcher who has worked in this way for over 30 years, draws on his own experience of independent working to present freelancing and well-being as an important yet neglected area of research. The paper is therefore presents a brief overview of the context of freelancing, particularly in the United Kingdom and Europe as this is the working environment of the author. This overview is blended with a review the existing research on the topic of freelancer well-being. The aim is to reveal the questions and issues that the author feels encompass well-being in this context as well as to highlight some recent initiatives where independent workers and their clients have worked together to support key areas of their vulnerability compared with those in full-time employment. Setting this often intensely personal perspective set against the wider context of academic and practitioner research reveals that, in contrast to some the common public opinion that freelance and contract work is ‘second-rate’ option, many independent professionals are happy about the way they work and experience high levels of job satisfaction. However, what does also emerge is that beyond local professional bodies and associations, many feel almost completely unsupported. Of greatest concern were reports of being treated with neglect and even suspicion by policy and law makers. The hope is that this paper heralds the beginnings of a wider research agenda into this important but neglected aspect of the independent professional workforce.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131488699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A consilience framework: Revealing hidden features of the independent contractor 一致性框架:揭示独立承包商的隐藏特征
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.44
T. McKeown
{"title":"A consilience framework: Revealing hidden features of the independent contractor","authors":"T. McKeown","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.44","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of a consilience framework developed and tested to reconcile the varying definitions, methodologies and purposes of the data collected on independent contracting within Australia. The result is a multilayered profile of the self-employed contractor which draws together official labour market statistics, taxation office liabilities and marketing-based consumer data sources. The framework sees independent contractors emerge as a dynamic, entrepreneurial and complex group who defy many of the age, gender and industry stereotypes that law and policy makers confine them to. While these initial results are limited to Australia, the challenge independent contractors present to established systems of legal, social and government regulation are embedded within the wider contexts of self-employment and small business. These contexts are universal and the sooner these challenges are answered, the sooner the opportunities they also present can be realised.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133222034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Foreword: JMO special issue on self-employment/freelancing 前言:JMO关于自雇/自由职业的特刊
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.42
N. Meager
{"title":"Foreword: JMO special issue on self-employment/freelancing","authors":"N. Meager","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.42","url":null,"abstract":"First, although there are major differences between countries, as Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data in Figure 1 show, self-employment or own-account working (outside agriculture) now accounts for a substantial share of the employed workforce in many industrialised countries (in some countries as many as a quarter of those in work are self-employed, and self-employment accounts for more than one in 10 of the workforce in around two-thirds of OECD countries). Moreover, it has been growing in the majority of these countries in the last decade or so (Figure 2), and the underlying trend seems to be an upward one. This does undoubtedly challenge the postwar consensus that self-employment was a diminishing archaic form of work, largely confined to agriculture, manual craft activities and a few liberal professions. However, as the paper by Bridge in this special issue argues, from a longer term historical perspective, it is waged employment which should perhaps be seen as the aberration.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116373152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Working as a self-employed professional, freelancer, contractor, consultant … issues, questions … and solutions? 作为一个自雇的专业人士，自由职业者，承包商，顾问…问题，问题和解决方案?
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.45
T. McKeown, P. Leighton
{"title":"Working as a self-employed professional, freelancer, contractor, consultant … issues, questions … and solutions?","authors":"T. McKeown, P. Leighton","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.45","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue ‘Working as a self-employed professional, freelancer, contractor, consultant ... issues, questions ...and solutions?’ covers such a broad range and depth of topics that capturing the essence seems almost impossible. We, therefore, open this special edition with a snapshot from thought leaders from around the world. These snapshots cover a world view, presented by renowned British organisational theorist, consultant, and London Business School Professor Lynda Gratton, an Australian perspective from Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman, Kate Carnell to a UK view from Cambridge University’s renowned Labour Law Professor, Simon Deakin and a EU perceptive from esteemed European Policy Centre Advisor, Hans Martens. As you will see, while they are united by being well informed of the issue, they all come to the topic from different (sometime very) perspectives. All of our contributors have written on the subject, including for policy development and have an ‘expert eye’ on the topic.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115842131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Professional self-employment, new power and the sharing economy: Some cautionary tales from Uber 职业自雇、新势力和共享经济:优步(Uber)的一些警示故事
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.30
P. Leighton
{"title":"Professional self-employment, new power and the sharing economy: Some cautionary tales from Uber","authors":"P. Leighton","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reflects on some of the major changes in the ways that people are working today, changes often driven by a preference for greater autonomy and choice, but also to work on a sharing, collaborative or networked basis. Many of the growing numbers of independent professionals are attracted by these ways of working. Developments in Information and Communication Technology have been critical, especially in enabling services, including professional services, to be delivered via internet platforms. This has created, in effect, new forms of intermediation and increasingly complex work relationships. These developments have often proved very controversial, as instanced by the disputes surrounding Uber, the international, internet-based taxi provider. Many of these changes also raise issues of accountability and work quality, along with creating new patterns of work relationships. Inevitably, the changes also highlight the role of regulation, which is the main focus of this article The topic is explored against a backdrop of much recent deregulation, challenges to so-called ‘red tape’ and laissez faire policies. The myriad of disputes and litigation involving Uber is examined and reflected upon. There are, of course, many differences between the taxi drivers of Uber and the designers, journalists, engineers and consultants, typical of independent professional working, but there are also some key parallels and experiences that provide a cautionary tale!","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129837514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Chameleons at large: Entrepreneurs, employees and firms – the changing context of employment relationships 大变色龙:企业家、雇员和公司——雇佣关系的变化背景
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.40
Michael Wynn
{"title":"Chameleons at large: Entrepreneurs, employees and firms – the changing context of employment relationships","authors":"Michael Wynn","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.40","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current labour markets are witnessing a proliferation of hybrid or quasi-employment status whereby company directors and limited liability partners are gaining access to employment rights. At the same time, legislation is creating new forms of employee shareholder status, where employees trade employment rights for shares in the company. New corporate structures are being developed to promote one-man companies, small and medium sized enterprises and hybrid company/partnerships. This paper examines some of these developments in the light of the theory of the firm and the jurisprudence of company and employment law and considers the implications for workers, employers and the self-employed.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125667111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Fit for self-employment? An extended Person–Environment Fit approach to understand the work–life interface of self-employed workers 适合自雇?一个扩展的人-环境契合方法来理解个体户工人的工作-生活界面
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-10-04 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.41
Ward de Jager, C. Kelliher, P. Peters, R. Blomme, Yuka Sakamoto
{"title":"Fit for self-employment? An extended Person–Environment Fit approach to understand the work–life interface of self-employed workers","authors":"Ward de Jager, C. Kelliher, P. Peters, R. Blomme, Yuka Sakamoto","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.41","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recent growth in self-employment has sparked scholarly interest in why individuals choose and remain in self-employment. Yet, relatively little is known about how self-employed workers enact their daily lives and what this means for their work–life interface. Self-employment is often presented as a means to enhance life choice and as enabling work and nonwork activities to be combined more satisfactorily. However, extant evidence on how self-employment is experienced is mixed, with some studies reporting long and irregular working hours and high levels of stress. Furthermore, the way in which self-employment is experienced may be influenced by national context – economic, institutional and cultural factors. In this paper, we develop a multi-level model which extends existing work on the Person–Environment Fit by incorporating factors relevant to self-employment. The model assists us to understand how contextual factors create both opportunities and tensions which impact the work–life interface of self-employed workers.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128615232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Business owners’ achieved social status and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from Chinese private small- and medium-sized enterprises 企业主社会地位与企业慈善:来自中国民营中小企业的证据
Journal of Management & Organization Pub Date : 2016-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2016.31
Yongqiang Gao, T. Hafsi, Xiaobin He
{"title":"Business owners’ achieved social status and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from Chinese private small- and medium-sized enterprises","authors":"Yongqiang Gao, T. Hafsi, Xiaobin He","doi":"10.1017/jmo.2016.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using a nationwide survey of Chinese private small- and medium-sized enterprises, this study examines the effect of business owners’ achieved social status (AcSS) on corporate philanthropy (CP). AcSS is an institutional resource, sometimes an institutional constraint, which should lead to higher CP. In this study, it is measured by a composite index of business owners’ income, education, political ties, and individual donations. AcSS has a positive effect on CP. In different regressions, we find that individual variables, income, political ties, and individual donations are positively associated with CP, while the effect of education is not significant. Firm visibility moderates (weakens) the effect of AcSS, while owners’ equity ratio has no discernable moderation effect on CP. Overall, this study confirms that owners’ AcSS, an important resource for the firm, plays a significant role in corporate social behavior. It increases pressures and expectations from the public, leading to higher CP.","PeriodicalId":379470,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management & Organization","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129452406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
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