Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Isthmus of the corpus callosum – An anatomical investigation","authors":"Yukta Maharajh,&nbsp;René Human-Baron,&nbsp;Gerda Venter","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The corpus callosum, a principal commissural fibre-bundle of the brain, connects the two cerebral hemispheres, facilitating interhemispheric communication, cognitive and emotional processes. The anatomical definition of the isthmus of the corpus callosum remains unclear in literature with limited studies focusing on this region. This research addresses this gap by providing a detailed anatomical description of the isthmus of the corpus callosum in a South African cadaveric sample.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Digital photographs of thirty embalmed cadaver brains were analysed and measurements of the corpus callosum and isthmus were taken, as seen on a midsagittal section.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed no significant differences in isthmus measurements when comparing the sex of the cadavers. The average length of the isthmus accounted for approximately 16.66 % of the total length of the corpus callosum. The isthmus constituted approximately 17.92 % of the corpus callosum surface area. Females tend to have a larger isthmus relative to the size of their corpus callosum. The prevalence of a posterior notch on the superior border of the corpus callosum was found to be approximately 46.66 % in the studied sample, with males showing a slightly higher prevalence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Since the isthmus constituted almost 20 % of the total surface area of the corpus callosum, as seen on midsagittal sections, it should be acknowledged as a fifth part. It should further be included in the undergraduate neuroanatomy curriculum and textbooks, which is currently lacking this information. This research recommends expanding the sample size, encompassing diverse demographics, employing fresh cadavers, and utilize three-dimensional imaging to understand the isthmus of the corpus callosum and its relevance to neuropsychiatric conditions and brain morphology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000268/pdfft?md5=71efa813039dae759e0be81e89d4fdfb&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000268-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and ancestry variation in ulna morphology in an adult South African cadaveric sample","authors":"Petra Maass ,&nbsp;Louise Jacqui Friedling","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sex and/or ancestry estimations based on skeletal elements are vital in forensics, as these variables are key to identification of unknown skeletal remains. Unfortunately, patterns of skeletal variation are often shared between sex and ancestry groups, making independent estimation of such variables less accurate, especially when substantial size differences exist both within and between groups. Geometric morphometric analysis allows isolation of the size component of variation, enabling independent and more sensitive detection of shape variation between groups. This creates the potential for more accurate estimations of sex and ancestry either independently or simultaneously, thus reducing the chances of compounding errors of estimation. This would be especially beneficial in heterogeneous populations, such as that of South Africa, where group separation may be affected by complicated genetic and environmental influences.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study assessed sex and ancestry variation in morphology of 1894 ulnae of South African males and females of the country's three largest ancestry groups. Three-dimensional data was submitted to Generalized Procrustes Analysis for superimposition and scaling to a common centroid size. Mean centroid sizes and shapes were compared, and accuracy of sex, ancestry, or sex-ancestry estimation was assessed using Discriminant Function Analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation. Covariation with size, age and year-of-birth were assessed through regression analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Male ulnae were absolutely and proportionally larger than female ulnae, while Black individuals were similarly larger than Colored and White individuals. Based on this variation, sex could be estimated with 68.8 % accuracy, and ancestry with 73.6 % accuracy. Simultaneous sex-ancestry assessment showed similar morphological patterning and yielded a mean classification accuracy of 73.6 %.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results have practical value for forensic application, where relatively poorly elements such as the ulna are often all that is available for analysis. Additionally, simultaneous estimation of sex and ancestry reduces compounding errors that may arise from first estimating one variable and basing the rest of the biological profile estimations thereon. Such improved estimations are of great potential value, especially in heterogeneous populations such as that of South Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2400027X/pdfft?md5=0b625018b353d381688f933f95363270&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X2400027X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of cardiac neural crest cells in cardiovascular development and associated congenital defects-an integrated review","authors":"Worku Abie Liyew ,&nbsp;Fentahun Adane ,&nbsp;Amsalu Taye Wondemagegn ,&nbsp;Binalfew Tsehay ,&nbsp;Yikeber Argachew Deml ,&nbsp;Hussen Muhidin Abdu ,&nbsp;Zelalem Animaw","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of the cardiovascular system is a highly intricate process that encompasses various types of cells and communication pathways. During embryonic development, specific cells differentiate and organize to form complex structures of the heart and blood vessels. An important group of cells involved in this process is called cardiac neural crest cells. These cells originate from the dorsal neural tube and migrate to the circumpharyngeal ridge, pharyngeal arches 3–6, and invade the developing heart through the cardiac outflow tract. Once they reach their destination, cardiac neural crest cells contribute to the formation of important structures in the cardiovascular system. These structures include the aortic arch arteries, the aorticopulmonary septum, cardiac valves, the heart conduction system, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells found in the middle layers of the aortic arch arteries. Disruptions in the migration, proliferation, or differentiation of cardiac neural crest cells during embryonic development, as seen in conditions such as DiGeorge syndrome, can lead to a variety of congenital heart defects. These defects encompass a wide range of abnormalities, including Tetralogy of Fallot, outflow tract abnormalities, persistent truncus arteriosus, double outlet right ventricle, interrupted aortic arch, ventricular septal defects, abnormalities of the aortic arch, as well as abnormalities in the function of semilunar valves, myocardium, and cardiac conduction system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000256/pdfft?md5=270dd95c8c1555c20aa4dec5aac2badf&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000256-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"19th-century anatomical illustration: Part one – A portfolio of selected early 19th-century anatomical works","authors":"Grzegorz Wysiadecki ,&nbsp;Ivan Varga ,&nbsp;Ilona Klejbor ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Balawender ,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Edward Clarke ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Mazur ,&nbsp;Wojciech Przybycień ,&nbsp;Andrzej Dubrowski ,&nbsp;Michał Bonczar ,&nbsp;Patryk Ostrowski ,&nbsp;Justyna Rdzanek ,&nbsp;Stanisław Orkisz ,&nbsp;Andrzej Żytkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Since the appearance of Vesalius's treatises, anatomical illustration has eluded unified conventions and strictly defined timeframes, resulting from the individual struggles of scholars and collaborating artists. Until the 19th century, diverse styles characterized anatomical illustrations, and the conventions in which they were created depended on both by cultural conditions and the state of knowledge about the structure of the human body.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This paper presents selected illustrated anatomical sources published in the early 19th century.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In early 19th-century anatomical iconography, there was a trend of deepening the importance of scientific illustration as a carrier of information and knowledge. Illustrations from this period are still characterized by various styles, degrees of scientific precision, and the scope of detail presented. However, during this period, attempts were made to faithfully reflect the reality of the dissecting room and the anatomical specimen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000244/pdfft?md5=206ed4d89d3b5fd861693d29bb7e64ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000244-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Unraveling the mysteries of the oblique retinacular ligament: A review of its anatomy and biomechanical characteristics”","authors":"Mattia Bulli ,&nbsp;Paolo Boccolari ,&nbsp;Danilo Donati ,&nbsp;Roberto Tedeschi","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The oblique retinacular ligament (ORL) has fascinated researchers since its first detailed description by Landsmeer in 1949. Integral to the sophisticated mechanics of finger movements, its anatomical presence and function have sparked extensive debate. Despite initial doubts about its existence, it is now recognized as a crucial structure within the hand's biomechanical system.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A review was conducted to collate primary studies on the ORL, focusing on cadaveric anatomy and biomechanical analyses. Modern dissection techniques and equipment have facilitated the identification of the ORL in virtually all examined samples, moving past earlier challenges of isolating such minute structures.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Research elucidates the ORL's dynamic role in coordinating movements between the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, contradicting earlier theories that deemed it a mere static stabilizer. Recent findings, especially those by Balakrishnan et al., highlight a complex cross structure that allows the ORL to maintain its functional relevance across various joint positions. This challenges previous notions and underscores its significance in finger extension mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The journey to understand the ORL underscores its pivotal role in hand biomechanics, transforming from a structure of ambiguous existence to a key element in finger movement coordination. This shift in understanding opens new possibilities for therapeutic approaches to hand deformities, emphasizing the ORL's critical function in both anatomical and clinical contexts. As research progresses, it continues to reveal the ORL's complex contributions to hand dynamics, offering insights that promise to enhance outcomes in hand surgery and rehabilitation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000219/pdfft?md5=29036e3f8668842e56f7de8615e8094a&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000219-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum regarding missing statements in previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000232/pdfft?md5=afa810595fba2ad37ac22b4f8f869dc5&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meckel's diverticulum with intussusception in a 5-year-old patient: Ultrasound as the key to diagnosis. A case report","authors":"Krzysztof Balawender ,&nbsp;Iwona Kucharska-Miąsik ,&nbsp;Maksymilian Kłosowicz ,&nbsp;Wiktoria Florek ,&nbsp;Edward Clarke ,&nbsp;Artur Derlatka ,&nbsp;Magdalena Szatny-Kiedrzyńska ,&nbsp;Andrzej Żytkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Meckel's diverticulum is one of the most common congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. About three-fourths of Meckel's diverticulum are located in the distance ranging from 40 cm to 100 cm from the ileocecal valve. Most cases are lined with heterotopic mucosa (e.g., gastric, pancreatic, jejunal). Many cases are asymptomatic.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This case report aims to present an ultrasound image for intussusception caused by the anatomical anomaly, namely Meckel's diverticulum. The article was written to integrate fundamental knowledge of anatomical variations or anomalies with clinical context.</p></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><p>A 5-year-old girl previously diagnosed with obesity came to the hospital with severe abdominal pain. The abdomen, on palpation examination, was tender and painful. Diagnosis of intussusception was initially based on the history, clinical symptoms, and ultrasound imaging. The girl was finally qualified for surgery. During the procedure, the bowel invagination was performed, and Meckel's diverticulum was removed. The intestine was double-layered and intraoperatively confirmed intussusception with Meckel's diverticulum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Knowledge of anatomical anomalies is significant for practitioners. Meckel's diverticulum may be the cause of invagination intestines. CT or MRI is the test of choice when intussusception is suspected during a proliferative disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000207/pdfft?md5=c7ff22f9538af7671ec7fe7db9e23782&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000207-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An anatomical study on the variations and clinical significance of the corona mortis within a South African sample","authors":"Jade Naicker ,&nbsp;Zithulele Nkosinathi Tshabalala ,&nbsp;Andries Masenge ,&nbsp;Obakeng Modisane ,&nbsp;Steven Matshidza ,&nbsp;Nkhensani Mogale","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Anterior orthopaedic approaches, much like the Modified Stoppa approach, target fractures of the anterior column of the pelvis and acetabulum. The approach is described as a minimally invasive technique that may lead to iatrogenic haemorrhage and fatality in patients. Such mortality is due to the inadvertent severing of the corona mortis vessels, a clinical term referring to the anastomosis between the obturator vessels and the external iliac vessels typically via an accessory obturator vessel that courses over the pelvic brim. Knowledge regarding the prevalence and clinical significance of the corona mortis, especially within the South African population is lacking, and therefore further investigation of this anomaly is necessary.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This study investigated the incidence and variations of the corona mortis vessels in a South African sample using 63 adult cadavers obtained from the Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria. After careful dissection of the blood supply to the pelvis, the prevalence of corona mortis was investigated. Variations regarding the composition of the corona mortis and the incidence of aberrant obturator vessels were documented.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The incidence of corona mortis was observed in 67.5% of the study sample, with 91.6% being venous and 8.4% being arterial in composition. An incidence of 26.0% of aberrant obturator arteries and 8.1% of aberrant obturator veins were observed originating or draining directly into the external iliac system, respectively. A single rare instance of corona mortis was observed and involved an anastomosis with the superior vesical vein rather than the typical obturator vein. While variations amongst anomalous accessory vessels were observed which resulted in as many as 3 aberrant vessels coursing over the pelvic brim. No significant difference was concluded for the incidence of corona mortis between the left and right sides or between males and females.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Mapping out the parameters of the corona mortis and examining the variation linked with the anomaly will aid orthopaedic surgeons in implementing anterior approaches with reduced vascular damage and iatrogenic deficit. Further understanding of its incidence in the South African population will in turn assist in interpreting its clinical significance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000177/pdfft?md5=fc38ab67b50de6aa5776de633a5bf6f2&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the mandibular lingula in dry mandibles of South African population","authors":"Sethabile Nkabinde ,&nbsp;Brenda Zola De Gama ,&nbsp;Sundika Ishwarkumar-Govender ,&nbsp;Pamela Pillay","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The lingula of the mandible is a small tongue-shaped bony prominence that partially overlaps the mandibular foramen. It has variable shapes among different populations which impacts its significance as a bony landmark in maxillofacial and oral surgeries. This study aimed to explore the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the mandibular lingula in dry mandibles of a South African population, to provide more knowledge on its structural variations, and location for surgeons involved with maxillofacial and oral surgeries.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>The study utilized 45 (n = 90 sides) dry human mandibles. The shapes were classified into five types, as per the classification scheme proposed by Tuli et al. (2000) and Varma and Sameer (2013). Three morphometric parameters were utilized to determine the location of the lingula. A <em>p</em>-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most common type of the lingula was the truncated type ³⁶/₉₀ (40%), followed by the triangular type ²³/₉₀ (25.56%) and, nodular type ²²/₉₀ (24.44%). The mean height (mean ± SD) of the lingula was 7.57 ± 1.56 mm. The mean distance from the lingula to the anterior border of the mandibular ramus was 20.05 ± 3.25 mm while the mean distance from the lingula tip to the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible was 16.58 ± 2.26 mm. The mean distance was 15.81 ± 2.15 mm from the lingula to the mandibular notch.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the structural variation of the lingula which is important for precise location of the mandibular foramen and related structures, especially when performing any maxillofacial surgical procedures within a South African population group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000190/pdfft?md5=e7a6a7f1b0356cd594c2d858211218a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tempol maintained the cellular integrity of the cerebellar cortex by preserving neuron survival, autophagy, glial cells, and synapses after cisplatin exposure","authors":"Amal S. Sewelam ,&nbsp;Mohammed A.S. Amin ,&nbsp;Shaimaa R. Abdelmohsen ,&nbsp;Osama A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Hashish ,&nbsp;Jaber Alfaifi ,&nbsp;Adel M. Aboregela","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>tempol is a free radical scavenger that passes through the blood-brain barrier. This study aimed to assess its ameliorative role in the cerebellar cortex after cisplatin injection.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>the examined forty-eight adult male wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. The saline group received 0.5 ml of normal saline, the tempol group was injected with 0.5 ml of tempol (100 mg/kg/day), the cisplatin group was injected with cisplatin single dose (7 mg/kg) on the 8th day, and cisplatin + tempol group received combined treatment. All groups were dosed through intraperitoneal injections.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>histological examination revealed meningeal congestion and thickening with excess collagen, discrete vacuolated cortical cells, with pyknotic nuclei, and tissue loss after cisplatin. Immunohistochemical expression of NF-kβ and GFAP were enhanced, while LC3-II and synaptophysin expression decreased with cisplatin. Cisplatin treatment reduced mRNA expression of NGF, GLP-1, BDNF, PGC1-α, and PPAR-α while it boosted Caspase-3 expression. Moreover, it tripled the level of MDA and lowered levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH in cerebellar tissue homogenate. Tempol supplementation restored the meningeal and the normal histological structure of the cerebellar cortex. The immunohistochemical as well as mRNA expressions of different genes were highly normalized but still showed variable significant differences when compared to the control except for NGF, PGC1-α, and Caspase-3 genes. Great restoration of biochemical markers was evident with tempol, especially for CAT that showed no significant difference in comparison with the saline group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>tempol cisplatin combination can enhance neuronal survival, promote autophagy, decrease astrogliosis, and preserve synapses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000189/pdfft?md5=20f38da8e7f15defa676e45416992caf&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000189-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}