Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Venous valves of the azygos arch: A cadaveric study","authors":"Robert Hage ,&nbsp;Kevlian Andrew","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The existence of valves in the azygos vein are not discussed in depth in the current body of literature. Although the clinical relevance of the valves in these veins are not well understood, these valves may have implications in diagnostic imaging where their appearance on imaging studies can impact interpretation. This study aims to use cadaveric dissections to determine the anatomic prevalence and morphology of valves in the arch of the azygos vein in comparison to current data reported from clinical imaging studies and anatomy textbooks.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Approval of this research study on human cadaveric specimen was sought from the St. George's University Institutional Review Board (IRB) and was deemed exempt from full review (IRB – 16015). This research project involved 47 azygos veins dissected from human cadaveric donor specimen. Azygos veins were harvested from the level of the diaphragm to the inflow into the superior vena cava for gross inspection of valve presence and morphology. The data collected was recorded and sorted by sex, valve presence, number and morphology and valve location. Chi square analysis was performed to assess possible relationships in valve findings based on sex. A brief search of the literature using the keywords “azygos vein” and “valves” was conducted to see the current understanding of azygos valve prevalence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the donor specimen, 53.2% (25 of 47) were male and 46.8% (22 of 47) were female. Of the 47 cadavers that were dissected, 89.3% (42 of 47) were found to have valves in the azygos vein, while 10.6% (5 of 47) were found to have none. The azygos vein contained mostly one valve along its length, mainly located in the arch. The valves were unicuspid (8.5%; 4 of 47), bicuspid (70.2%; 33 of 47) or tricuspid (10.64%; 5 of 47). Dividing the arch of the azygos into quartiles, valves were found most commonly in the third quartile of the distance from the opening of the right superior intercostal vein into the azygos vein to the superior vena cava. Four cadavers had multiple valves, each with varying valve morphology. The length of the cusp of the bicuspid valve ranged from 10 mm to 12 mm.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study shows that the azygos vein contains valves, predominantly within the arch at a prevalence of 89.3%. The presence and variability in morphology of valves in the azygos vein and its potential implications for contrast appearance on imaging studies is clinically important. Radiologists should have a working knowledge of the different appearances of azygos arch valves to minimize the risks of confusing normal variations with thoracic pathology. Though not commonly described in anatomy texts, the findings of this research not only add more detail to the historical cadaveric study information on azygos vein valves, but also shows that the prevalence of azygos arch valves surpasses the numbers reported in clinical stud","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000165/pdfft?md5=12daf2181debf3014ec6415adf02c847&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The most ancient sources of anatomic knowledge","authors":"Grzegorz Wysiadecki ,&nbsp;Ivan Varga ,&nbsp;Ilona Klejbor ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Balawender ,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Edward Clarke ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Mazur ,&nbsp;Andrzej Dubrowski ,&nbsp;Michał Bonczar ,&nbsp;Patryk Ostrowski ,&nbsp;Stanisław Orkisz ,&nbsp;Andrzej Żytkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anatomy is one of the oldest fields of medicine. Knowledge of the structure and function of the human body has been acquired gradually, even laboriously, over the centuries, and its origins can be traced back to the simplest, often casual observations performed on human and animal organisms.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Exploring the secrets of the structure and function of human and other organisms' bodies has a long-lasting tradition. The aim of this paper is presentation of the original, most ancient sources of anatomical knowledge.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>The circumstances in which the ancients had the opportunity to learn about the structure of the body of animals and humans included: hunting and killing animals for food; magical and divination rituals, during which the internal organs of animals were used; religious ceremonies in which animal sacrifices were made to deities; the process of embalming corpses, which, according to beliefs held in some civilizations, made possible an afterlife in the underworld (abode of the dead); and battles fought with wild animals or enemies, during which extensive open wounds were sustained, allowing limited insight into the body's interior and composition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Exploring human and other organisms' body structure and function has a long-lasting tradition. The origins of exploring anatomical knowledge date back to ancient times.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000153/pdfft?md5=b3189b6a978d0a310a6ebf2893d1ae36&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of histochemical stains in anatomical research: A brief overview of the methods","authors":"Michał Golberg ,&nbsp;Józef Kobos ,&nbsp;Edward Clarke ,&nbsp;Armand Bajaka ,&nbsp;Anna Smędra ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Balawender ,&nbsp;Agata Wawrzyniak ,&nbsp;Michał Seneczko ,&nbsp;Stanisław Orkisz ,&nbsp;Andrzej Żytkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In anatomical research, there is often a need to present complex topographical relationships in more detail, under magnification, beyond the scope of gross anatomy. However, more than magnification is often needed to better understand the arrangement of small anatomical structures. Special stains allow for the differentiation of connective tissue stroma and mutual relations between small structures such as blood vessels and nerves.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This review presents selected histochemical methods that can be applied in anatomical research. Such a concise outline can be both a compendium of knowledge for beginning researchers and an inspiration for anatomists and clinicians exploring the human body's details.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The advantage of histochemical staining is its relatively low cost and the large amount of information that can be obtained with their use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000141/pdfft?md5=900e1aee655bec6ea4b1c454c58085f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of an online anatomy laboratory for allied health education","authors":"Kapilan Panchendrabose ,&nbsp;Micah Grubert Van Iderstine ,&nbsp;Alexa Hryniuk","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In-person cadaveric anatomy laboratories allow for students to learn the intricacies of the human body but also develop skills related to communication, clinical reasoning, and interprofessional collaboration. However, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shift from in-person course delivery to an online medium. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the implementation and use of an online anatomy laboratory as a replacement for an in-person laboratory component.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An anatomy course for allied heath students (pharmacy and respiratory therapy) that included an in-person cadaveric laboratory was modified for online delivery. The laboratory component utilized cadaveric images presented by the instructor and breakout rooms for small group discussion to simulate in-person anatomy laboratory experiences.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Online anatomical studies had no academic advantage or disadvantage compared to in-person instruction. Additionally, students indicated that the online laboratories were enjoyable and helpful for learning anatomy, rated the guided cadaveric image portion very highly and responded positively to the helpfulness of breakout room sessions in learning anatomy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on the results of this study, online delivery of an anatomy laboratory, that was developed to simulate important aspects of in-person learning, can act as a viable alternative-learning platform for anatomical laboratory education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000128/pdfft?md5=269cfc633b02b36f45377ff21a9e3e58&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking the terminology used in human cochlear dimension methodologies","authors":"Rene Human-Baron ,&nbsp;Tania Hanekom","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many definitions of the dimensions of cochlear measurements are described in the literature. However, these terminologies are typically not standardised or vary among disciplines. Confusion of the defined parameters may lead to ambiguity in the derived dimensions. Inconsistent terminology may, therefore, contribute to the variations reported in cochlear morphology. This article proposes using a standard set of terminology, including its associated landmarks and measurements, to describe the shape and dimensions of the human cochlea. To provide a basis for comparison for the dimensional description of ambiguous terms in the literature and to supplement existing data where terms are unique, micro-CT (μCT) scans of thirty temporal bones were subjected to landmarking and measuring according to the terminology standard. The results confirm that methodological techniques and definitions of cochlear measurements may affect the quantification of dimensions that describe cochlear morphology and may, therefore, introduce variations when reporting these measurements. Histology and μCT images, for example, could provide a more accurate and comprehensive measure of cochlear dimensions than measurements on casts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000104/pdfft?md5=bb92a29f18e2acbff2b13075120cd058&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular hypoplasia in hemifacial microsomia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Peterson Makinde Atiba ,&nbsp;Dolongo Onyangunga-Kabanga ,&nbsp;Anil Madaree ,&nbsp;Lelika Lazarus","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) results from the malformation of facial structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. The ramus of the mandible is the most deformed part of the mandible in HFM, which subsequently affects the linear measurements of the different parts of the mandible. This study evaluated the anatomical differences between the affected and contralateral mandibular ramus and body (MRB) in a select cohort of HFM patients in South Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a serial retrospective study of 20 HFM patients. They were categorised into mild or severe groups by the Pruzansky-Kaban grading and into three age-dependent groups (1–5, 6–12 and 13–19 years old). Linear and angular measurements of the MRB components were recorded from preoperative computed tomography scans to compare severity, age groups, ramus and body index (RBI), and the affected to contralateral (A/C) sides ratio.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Significant differences existed in the linear and angular measurements of the mandible and RBI between affected and contralateral sides, except for the MBL. The mean differences between the mild and severe RBI deformities were insignificant. The A/C ratio was insignificantly smaller in the severe group than in the mild group. Age grouping did not significantly affect the A/C ratio in the mandible ramus and body.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Mandibular asymmetry is more noticeable in HFM patients between 13 and 19 years old. The A/C ratio of the MRB did not worsen with different age groups and severity grading in this study. Hence, clinicians should postpone surgery until HFM patients attain skeletal maturity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000116/pdfft?md5=98f77c5a76dcc68afc8b952696413ae2&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional analysis of bilateral five-headed biceps brachii muscles with clinical insights","authors":"Ethan L. Snow ,&nbsp;Wyatt E. Lanik","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The biceps brachii (BB) muscle is a two-headed muscle of the arm composed of one long head (LH) and one short head (SH). Accessory heads have been described and classified; however, reports of three concurrent accessory heads are especially rare, and their structural and functional analyses still require investigation. This study aims to analyze the structural and functional properties of a bilateral case of BB muscles each with three accessory heads.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A case of bilateral BB muscles with three accessory heads were discovered during routine human cadaver dissection. The muscles were carefully cleaned of extraneous tissue and photographed in situ. All five heads were examined bilaterally for gross structural features, and sarcomere states were examined via light microscopy. Maximal isometric force (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em>) and contralateral comparability (<em>δ</em>) were calculated for each head.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The three accessory heads originated sequentially from the mid-shaft of the humerus. The proximal accessory head inserted into the distal end of the SH, while the middle and distal accessory heads inserted separately into the adjoined LH and SH muscle mass just before the common tendon. All accessory heads were structurally similar (<em>δ</em> ≤ 0.17; mass = 2.10 g; length = 10.33 cm; <em>PCSA</em> = 0.23 cm²; <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 5.24 N) and were innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. The left and right LH and SH collectively generated a <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> of 49.91 N and 53.05 N while the left and right accessory heads collectively generated a <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> of 18.04 N and 13.38 N, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The bilateral BB muscles with their accessory heads generated an almost equivalent total <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> (67.95 N vs. 66.43 N, respectively), ∼23.35% of which was generated by the accessory heads. Despite the conceivable advantage the accessory heads may offer to generating additional force, accessory muscles can also cause serious clinical implications. The gross imaging, biomechanical analyses, contralateral comparability data, and relevant clinical insights presented in this study may help guide diagnosis and treatment in related clinical cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000098/pdfft?md5=4ad24626799937649fded363a9e597da&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000098-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139633489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of accessory extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis musculotendinous units for functional impact and tendon transfer suitability","authors":"Jay J. Byrd ,&nbsp;Andrew C. White ,&nbsp;Travis L. McCumber ,&nbsp;Ethan L. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Architectural characteristics of skeletal muscles are used to inform biomechanical analysis and candidacy for tendon transfer surgeries. Tendons of non-typical skeletal muscles may serve as optimal grafts, yet a thorough comparison of their parameters to those of typical musculature is not well represented in current literature. This study aims to analyze accessory extensor carpi radialis longus (aECRL) and accessory carpi radialis brevis (aECRB) muscles for their functional impact and suitability for use in tendon transfer surgeries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Out of 122 dissected forearms examined, one right aECRB and one left aECRL were discovered and photographed in situ. The accessory muscles, along with eleven other muscles associated with ECRL and ECRB tendon transfers from the same forearms, were analyzed for their sarcomere contraction states, structural properties, and maximal isometric force (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em>) generating capacities. An architectural difference index was then calculated between each muscle to determine and discuss possible candidates for tendon transfer surgeries.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> of aECRL, ECRL, aECRB, and ECRB were determined to be 11.78 N, 57.24 N, 28.21 N, and 78.64 N, respectively. In this regard, aECRL and aECRB represented a 20.58% and 35.87% increase to ECRL and ECRB <em>F</em>_<em>max</em>, respectively. The aECRL inserted with ECRB, and the aECRB inserted with ECRL. The aECRL and aECRB tendons, measuring 188.33 mm × 2.98 mm and 217.17 mm × 3.00 mm respectively, coursed independently with the ECRL and ECRB tendons to their shared insertions. The aECRL and aECRB muscles were each most structurally similar to the extensor pollicis longus and adductor pollicis muscles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on their morphology and structural characteristics, the aECRL and aECRB may be suitable grafts in adductorplasty or for extensor pollicis longus muscle/tendon repair. As the aECRL and aECRB tendons were relatively superficial and considerably long and wide, they may also be suitable for other musculotendon-based surgeries elsewhere in the body. This report may contribute new and beneficial insights for healthcare providers and medical educators when presented with cases where upper extremity musculotendinous reconstruction is warranted and/or non-typical musculoskeletal morphologies – particularly aECRL and aECRB – are present.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000074/pdfft?md5=0fc71ae6eb9994d8e5e4e471111f7e77&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring sensory fiber composition in the lateral and medial roots of the median nerve","authors":"B.N. Walters ,&nbsp;L.S.E. Brandt ,&nbsp;S.C. Kunigelis","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study of the human brachial plexus quantifies and compares the total number of fibers, fiber diameter, and fiber density within the lateral and medial roots of the median nerve in twenty-seven adult human cadavers. The lateral and medial cords give rise to the lateral and medial roots of median nerve, which join to form the median nerve. In this study, the fiber ratios of small-diameter Group III and IV sensory fibers as well as large-diameter Group I and II sensory fibers comprising the lateral and medial roots of the median nerve of the brachial plexus were investigated. Methods: Peripheral nervous tissue sections of twenty-seven lateral and twenty-seven medial roots were surgically removed from the axilla region of formalin-fixed cadavers in 2021. Excised tissue sections were fractured using liquid nitrogen-based freeze-cracking, and subsequently viewed using scanning electron microscopy. ImageJ 1.x, Microsoft Excel, and Statistica software were used to analyze fiber count, fiber diameter, fiber density, and fascicular bundle count. Results: A higher ratio of large-diameter Group I and II sensory fibers comprise the lateral root, and a higher ratio of small-diameter Group III and IV fibers comprise the medial root. Conclusions: Understanding the fiber composition of the lateral and medial roots of the median nerve can aid in interpreting why avulsive injury of the upper or lower roots of the brachial plexus can lead to different pain experiences post-injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000086/pdfft?md5=6be906c10aa1fce16e4a4ce65796d2bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000086-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the evolution of anatomy: From historical foundations to modern insights","authors":"Martyna Dziedzic ,&nbsp;Patryk Ostrowski ,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Balawender ,&nbsp;Mateusz Koziej ,&nbsp;Michał Bonczar","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analyzing the structures of living specimens has always been an interest for human beings. Anatomy is one of the most important pillars of medicine, and its name comes from the Greek word <em>anatomē</em> which means to cut. The extended and rich history of anatomy is a reminder for modern generations about the value of the work of all the previous physicians, philosophers, and researchers and appreciation of the impact they have made in this field. Considering the importance and the role of anatomy as a pillar of medicine, every small step into establishing knowledge about the anatomical structures and their variations is crucial in developing science. Nowadays, the pace of both general scientific development and anatomical research itself is greater than ever before. Researchers, in their daily practices, mostly focus on three main types of articles published in the field of anatomy: (1) Case Reports, (2) Original Studies, and (3) Synthesis Studies. In the present article, the authors provide the brief history of human anatomy, and emphasize about the significance of this scientific discipline. The possible future shape of anatomical research and education is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000062/pdfft?md5=fe59d0d3a947a5ba65a34eed065b4fe0&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139540727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}