Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing最新文献

{"title":"Determination Of Cloud Layer Characteristics By Using Microwave Radlometric Observations","authors":"A. A. Stotskii","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700225","url":null,"abstract":"Radio emission of cloud l a er on cm and mm waves contains f l u c t u a t i o n com onent whicl i s connected with inhomogeneity of t h e l a y e r an: reflects t h e turbulen t charac te r of moving i n l a y e r . As t h e o p t i c a l depth of clouds on microwaves less than unit t h e s e f l u c t u a t i o n s are determined by t h e whole s t r u c t u r e of t h e l a y e r as complete. Analysis of t h e s e f l u c t u a t i o n s g ives a p o s s i b i l i t y t o determine such characteristics of cloud l a y e r as thickness and displacement ve loc i ty .","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115529259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrieval Of Surface Physical Parameters With AVHRR And SMMR Over Africa","authors":"J. Qi, Y. Kerr, A. Huete, S. Sorooshian, G. Dedieu","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700193","url":null,"abstract":"I t is well established that optical remote sensing can bc uscd to retrieve surface vegctation information providcd that the atmosphere is sufficiently clear and cloud free. Passive microwave remote sensing has becn successfully uscd lor extracting information on surface soil moisture provided that information on vegetation characteristics is known. In this study, we merge the two sources of information to characterizc thc soil and vegetation surface / atmosphere intcrfacc. The technique utilizes the information containcd in two microwave frequcncics as well as visible and near-infrared wavebands to cxtract both soil moisture and vegetation characteristics. It rclates the microwave polarization ratios to Vegetation indiccs derived from optical remote sensors through a theoretical radiative transfer model. The method was applied in a rcgional scale context, over a diverse range of biomcs along a 60\". African transect for the year 1986. Thc sensors used includcd the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometcr (SMMR) and the NOAA Advanced Very High Rcsolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The synergistic use of the two scnsors allowed for the retrieval of soil moisture, vegetation cover. In this paper, we will describe the method and results, together with discussions on the potentials and limitations of this synergistic relationship involving the optical and microwave rcmote sensing. Introduction Optical remote sensing of terrestrial surfaces has been mainly focused on vegetation characterization and monimring(l,2), and is successful provided that the atmosphere and other external factors are corrected for. Microwave remote sensing of earth surfaces, on the other hand, has been mainly focused on soil moisture information extraction(3,4,5). The microwave remote sensing of surface soil moisture is much less affected by the atmosphere(6) at low frequency compared with that of optical remote sensing, but is affected by the presence of vegetation(7,8). Therefore, microwave sensing of vegetated earth surfaces is more difficult since microwave signal contains information about both soil moisture and vegetation. The 37 GHz microwave measurements from satellites have been studied for vegetation characterizations(9), and found LO be correlated with vegetation indices derived from optical remote sensing. For effective soil moisture information extraction, vegetation contribution must be decoupled. However, it is difficult LO decouple these two factors with microwave sensing alone. Optical remote sensing provides information about vegetation, and therefore, can be combined with the microwave remote sensing for decoupling soil moisture and vegetation. It is interesting, therefore, to merge optical and microwave remote sensing to simultaneously retrieve soil moisture and vegetation information of terrestrial surfaces. The objective of this paper is to merge optical and microwave data sources by developing synergistic relations so as to effectively retrieve surface","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125400795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Sensing Of Cloud Properties Using A 94 Ghz Radar","authors":"T. Ackerman, B. Albrecht, M. A. Miller, E. Clothiaux, R. Peters, W. Syrett","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700222","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud Radar The difficulty and expense of carrying out in situ atmospheric measurements, especially for such temporally and spatially variable objects as clouds, has made ground-based remote sensing highly desirable. Active sensing by lidar has been employed for a number of years and has resulted in a substantial increase in our understanding of cloud structure and properties. Lidar, however, has its limitations. One of the most obvious is its attenuation in thicker clouds, which limits its ability to map clouds to those which are optically thin.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123171376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Energy Balance Of Semiarid Rangeland From Combined Optical-microwave Remote Sensing","authors":"M. Moran, M. Weitz, A. Vidal, D. Goodrich, S.A. Amed, D.S. Ammon, K. Batchily, J. Blanford, T. Clarke, L. Eastman, D. Fox, D. Gellman, M. Hodshon-Yates, H. Hendy, A. Huete, T. Keefer, K. KieseIl, L. Lane, A. F. Rahman, S. Sorooshian, D. Troufleau, I. Washburn","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700189","url":null,"abstract":"USDA-ARS U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 433 1 E. Broadway, Phoenix, Az., 85044 USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 E. Allen, Tucson, Az., 85719 CEMAGREF-ENGREF Remote Sensing Lab., B.P. 5095, 34033 Montpellier France Univ. of Arizona, Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resources, Tucson, Az. 85719 Aerial Images, Div. of Stanton Systems, Inc., 4240 E. Lee #11, Tucson, Az 85712-3990 Univ. of Arizona, Dept of Soil and Water Science, Tucson, Az. 85719 Soil Conservation Service, 201 E. Indianola Ave., Ste. 200, Phoenix, Az. 85012 Univ. of Arizona, Optical Science Center, Tucson, Az. 85719","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126309965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical And Microwave Imaging Of The Earth: Today, The EOS Era And Beyond","authors":"J. Way","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700226","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of the multiwavelength measurements from the surface imaging instruments planned for EOS will be presented along with a review of today's capabilities for providing some of the required geophysical parameters needed in current climate models. muItispectral imaging capabilities beyond the current scope of EOS will also be discussed in terms of required geophysical properties, their value to climate models, and potential means of acquiring these values. As a point of reference, results from work in Alaska and its surrounding oceans will be presented. Current regional-scafe data sets wi11 include AVHRR, ERS-1, SMMI and SMMR and simulated future data sets will be based on Landsat, SPOT, AIRSAR, AMMR and TOPSAR. The value of","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130579804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization Of Snow Grain Size In The Near-infrared And Microwave Wavelengths","authors":"A. Nolin, Jiancheng Shi, J. Dozier","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700179","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave backscatter and near-infrared reflectance are sensitive to snowpack gram size. Parameters describing the height and width of the lognormal ice particle size distribution are obtained through stereologic analysis of snow samples. The magnitude of the difference between the optical and microwave effective grain size is directly proportional to the width of the particle size distribution. The optically-effective grain size corresponds to the particle size distribution in the surface layer of the snowpack while the microwave grain size is an integrated value for the entire snowpack.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132692448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Of Columnar Water Vapor Retrievals Obtained With A Near-IR Solar Radiometer And Microwave Radiometer","authors":"J. Reagan, K. Thome, B. Herman, R. Stone, J. Deluisi, J. Snider","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132209494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol Mapping Of The Atmosphere Using A Multiple Wavelength Polarization Lidar","authors":"S. Rajan, G. Evanisko, T. Kane, C. R. Philbrick","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700197","url":null,"abstract":"A multiple wavelength volume scanning lidar employing polarization techniques is being built to characterize the size and shape distribution of aerosols in the boundary layer and the troposphere. The technical opportunities of using multiple wavelength lidar have been studied in order to discriminate between various particle sizes in the lower and middle atmosphere. Though these techniques have been used to classify aerosols and other particles by size it has proved difficult to distinguish water droplets from ice crystals. Based on the Mie scattering theory, it has been stated that particles of different shapes alter the polarization of the illuminating light due to intemal reflections and scattering. Hence, the depolarization observed in the backscatter of the lidar beam is a measure of the different shapes of the constituent aerosols. Our system uses three wavelengths: 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm, in addition, the polarization information from each channel is measured. This triple wavelength approach gives better particle size discrimination as well as distinct depolarization signatures. In addition, the incorporation of shorter wavelengths yields a higher resolution. A special opportunity which has been incorporated in the design of this system is its volume mapping feature. By scanning a given volume segment, it is possible to map cloud systems. Incorporation of these three techniques; multiple wavelengths, polarization measurements and volume mapping into a single lidar, will result in an extremely powerful system capable of mapping the scattering properties of clouds and aerosols more accurately. This system is designed to gather enough data to study the complex intricacies of cloud microphysics. Information gathered by this technique promises a clearer understanding of cloud composition and atmospheric thermodynamics.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSM/T-2 Calibration Data Analyses","authors":"V. Falcone, M. Griffin, R. Isaacs, J. Pickle, J. Morrissey, A. Bussey, R. Kakar, J. Wang, P. Racette","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700211","url":null,"abstract":"The newest sensor to be deployed on board the DMSP Block 5D-2 series of satellites is the Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Sounder (SSMTT-2). The SSMK-2, a five-channel passive radiometer system is the first operational microwave water vapor sounder to be place on orbit. Of primary importance to the success of any satellite instrument is its calibration. In this study, independent comparisons with the SSM/T-2 observed radiances were made with contemporaneous measurements from aircraft and model calculations. Results of both calibration approaches are discussed below.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114517100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Direct Doppler Detection Lidar System For Atmospheric Winds","authors":"D.W. Machuga, T. Kane, C. R. Philbrick","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700165","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to sensing the wind velocity using Doppler lidar is being developed which promises to improve our measurement capability. Demonstration of this wind lidar will utilize the recently developed equipment prepared under the Laser Atmospheric Measurements Program (LAMP) at Penn State University. Development of the laser atmospheric wind sensor to profile lower and middle atmosphere winds will extend the capabilities of the LAMP instrument. This paper discusses two unique concepts whch lead to advances in our ability to measure winds with Doppler lidar. One development is the quad-cavity Fabry-Perot etalon design, which will allow the etalon to simultaneously monitor the wind while under active tuning control. Several measurement campaigns will be camed out to demonstrate the wind sensor system including comparisons with met rockets, passive techniques, and radar. The second development is the use of the seed laser to stabilize the Fabry-Perot etalon continuously. Predicted system performance will be presented.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123892264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}