{"title":"Wind Field And Turbulence Sensing","authors":"D. Thomson","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700164","url":null,"abstract":"Most operational requirements today for overland weather, defense and air pollution-related mean wind profiles (from =15m to 15 km) can be met using commercially available Doppler radar and,sodar systems. Doppler sodars for boundary layer wind profiling (to =800m) have been widely used for about 20 years. During the last decade enormous progress has been made in the development of UHF clear air Doppler radars. (NWS) 404 MHz Profiler Demonstration Netrqork now covers much of the central United States. Profilers operating at higher frequencies (=915to 1215 MHz) can provide wind profiles from about 75 m to 2.5 k m . The maximum reliable range, particularly of the higher frequency systems, depends strongly ilpon the vertical moisture prcfile. In the tropics 915 MHz systems may operate reliably to about 6 km but in dry air all profilers will suffer significantly degraded performance. The National Weather Service","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128963010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model For The Simulation Of Meteorological Effects An The Performances Of Microwave Imaging Radiometers","authors":"C. Wallez, P. Combes, J. Lemorton","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129201891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combining Lidar And Radar For Probing Boundary Layer Winds And Clouds","authors":"R. Hardesty, A. Frisch, C. Fairall","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700166","url":null,"abstract":"Combining different remote sensing techniques is becoming increasingly recognized as a way to obtain a better and more comprehensive set of atmospheric observations. For many applications, the limitations of a single observational method can be compensated for by adding instruments operating at different wavelengths, or by measuring different, but coupled, parameters. At the Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL), a focussed effort to explore the synergisms between different types of remote sensors is currently under way. Available optical and microwave instruments, including lidars, ceilometers, infrared and microwave radiometers, and profiling and scanning meteorological radar, are being employed in field experiments to determine the impact and accuracy of combined measurements. Reports of uses of different combinations of instruments for boundary layer studies follow.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115219240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Developments Towards The Deployment Of The NASA LASE Water Vapor Dial System","authors":"S. Ismail, E. Browell, W. R. Vaughan, W.M. HaIl","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"16 15-16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113979618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Earth Observations Through The Earth Observing System (EOS)/moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Multispectral Capability And Combined Observations With Other EOS Instruments","authors":"V. Salomonson","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700177","url":null,"abstract":"The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a key instrument scheduled for flight on the AM and PM platforms of the Earth Observing System (EOS). It has a considerable multispectral capability for observations of land, ocean, and atmospheric features. However, the data from MODIS is increased in value through the use of or the provision of data to other instruments on EOS spacecraft along with MODIS. Furthermore, there is potential for complementary studies of Earth-atmosphere system features through use of data from sensors on spacecraft other than those including the MODIS. This paper briefly discusses these points for the purpose of further encouraging discussion and plans along these lines.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125033823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements From A Polarlmetric Optical Bistatic Scatterometer","authors":"R. Kubik, E. Bahar","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700214","url":null,"abstract":"The Center for Electro-optics and Electrical Engineering Department at the University of NebraskaLincoln recently acquired from TMA (Toomay, Mathis, and Associates) a TASC (True Angle Scatter Coordinate system) optical, polarimetric scatterometer. This instrument measures the 4x4 Mueller (Stokes) matrix as well as the Bi-directional Reflective Distribution Functions (BRDF) for light that is transmitted or scattered from a target. The Mueller matrix completely characterizes scattered light that is reflected or transmitted through electromagnetic media with irregular boundaries. The operation of the instrument is such that the incident polarized light (k0.6328 pm or h=1.06 pm) can be directed towards the sample in any arbivary direction. The receiver can be located anywhere in 4n. The plane of scatter and the plane of incidence can be chosen independently. Another unique aspect of this instrument is that backscatter measurements can also be obtained. This type of measurements that is most commonly used in remote sensing. In addition to the scatterometer, a atomic forcehcanning tunneling microscope is available for use to obtain \"ground truth\" measurements of the scattering surfaces. Through the measurement of the scattered light and the measurements of \"ground truth\", a better understanding of the interactions of light with an arbitrary interface can be obtained. The scatterometer in conjunction with a scanning tunneling/atomic force microscope will be used to validate different analytical/numerical solutions to a broad class of electromagnetic scattering problems by relating electromagnetic scattering data to \"ground truth\" measurements in controlled laboratory exDeriments. Figure 1. The True Angle Scatter Coordinate System (TASC) scatterometer.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129415744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. V. Cherny, A.G. Fimov, G. Gus'kov, N. N. Gorobetz, O.P. Ivanov, B. A. Kashirin, V. Nakonechny, V. Panin, S. Pantzov
{"title":"Airborne Multiwavelength Microwave Imaging Sensor","authors":"I. V. Cherny, A.G. Fimov, G. Gus'kov, N. N. Gorobetz, O.P. Ivanov, B. A. Kashirin, V. Nakonechny, V. Panin, S. Pantzov","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700213","url":null,"abstract":"The following paper describes an airborne multiwavelength microwave imaging sensor that haa been developed for remote sensing ocean and atmosphere. The paper discusses design and salient characteristics of this instrument. The airborne maltiwavelength microwave imaging sensor provides a collection of data over a wide spectrum of millimeter-wave frequencies available from no other sensor. This technique will be useful in diagnostics and s tudm a wide class oceanic and atmospheric anomalous processes like that [1,2].","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128378530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Links Between Microwave And Shortwave Signatures Of Multiyear Sea Ice During The Onset Of Melt","authors":"D. Winebrenner, J. Key","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700187","url":null,"abstract":"We present observations showing that the melt onset in snowcover on multiyear sea ice is clearly detectable in calibrated ERS-1 S A R observations, and examine the covariance between S A R signatures, surface temperatures and shortwave albedos. Specifically, we examine the relationship between temperature and radar backscatter cross sections for two multiyear ice sites in the Beaufort Sea and the Canadian Arctic. AVHRR derived shortwave albedos and ice surface temperatures as well as surface measurements are compared to radar backscatter cross sections from the ERS-1 S A R The rise of near-surface temperatures to approximately 00 C coincides with a steep drop in backscattering and a subsequent drop in shortwave albedos. Results of signature modeling show that this effect is caused by the appearance of liquid water in the snowpack.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120886383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection And Interpretation Of Fire-disturbed Boreal Forest Ecosystems In Alaska Using Spacebarne SAR Data","authors":"L. Bourgeau-Chavez, E. Kasischke, N. French","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700229","url":null,"abstract":"There is great interest in the ability to remotely monitor changes in boreal forest ecosystems for the understanding and balancing of the global carbon budget. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), particularly the ERS-1 C-VV SAR, for the detection and interpretation of fire-disturbed boreal forest ecosystems in the state of Alaska. The Alaska Fire Service has provided fire maps and records for comparison with the SAR data. Preliminary results have found that the following all have an influence on the detectability of a fire-scar (1) the time elapsed since the fire occurred, (2) the season in which the SAR data is collected, and (3) the geomorphology of the landscape in which the fire occurred. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of SAR in the estimation of the areal extent of fires. It also evaluates the potential usefulness of SAR in providing information on the spatial variability of bum intensity.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131981337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Boucher, B. Thomas, A. Kishi, V. Falcone, G. Poe, A. Stogryn
{"title":"The Effects Of Cloud Clearing On Microwave Humidity Sounding Retrieval Accuracies: Analysis Of Dmsp Optical Linescan System (OLS) And Special Sensor Microwave Humidity Sounder (SSM/T-2) Data","authors":"D. Boucher, B. Thomas, A. Kishi, V. Falcone, G. Poe, A. Stogryn","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700174","url":null,"abstract":"The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) is currently flying a microwave vertical temperature profiler utilizing the 183 GHz water vapor absorption line. The Special Sensor Microwave Humidity Profiler (SSM/T-2, referred to hereafter as T2) was launched in late November of 1992 on the F11 spacecraft into a local nodal ascending time of approximately 1712. In addition to the 183 GHz channels (+/1.3.7). the T2 has a surface channel at 91 GHz, and a lower atmosphere channel at 150 GHz. The instrument scans cross track with a swath width of 1400 Km and a nominal nadir resolution of 48 Km at the highest frequency. The T2 is calibrated once per scan by viewing both a hot reference at 300K and cold space. The T2 retrieves relative and specific humidity at 1000.850,700.500.400. and 300 Mb levels, as well as water vapor mass between levels. The retrieval technique used operationally at Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) is multiple linear regression. The Special Sensor Microwave Temperature Sounder (SSM/T-1, referred to hereafter a s T1) is coupled tightly into the T2 processing. The T1 provides temperature information used to decompose the non-linear water vapor retrieval problem into a piecewise linear representation.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}