Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing最新文献

{"title":"Synergism Of Satellite Observations Of Microwave Emission And Visible Reflectance To Study Land Surface Change","authors":"B. Choudhury","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700192","url":null,"abstract":"Any realistic study of the Earth's climate system should consider the forcing of the atmosphere by the land surface and important feedback relations operating between land surface and the atmosphere. Spatially and temporally representative data for surface biophysical characteristics are needed for a quantitative understanding of heat, mass and momentum exchange between land surface and the atmosphere. Applicability of visible and near-infrared reflectances to study land surface characteristics has been studied extensively by field, aircraft and satellite observations together with model development and validation. Biophysical consideration and radiative transfer models suggest that there is much to be gained by synergistic use of reflectances and microwave emission. The interaction of microwave and visible/near-infrared radiation with green leaf canopies might be compared as follows: (1) The cellular structure of leaves, which plays the major role in determining the near-infrared reflectance, is of much less importance in the microwave region because the wavelength of radiation is often two-to-three orders of magnitude larger than leaf thickness, and (2) While concentration of pigments (chlorophyll etc.) plays the major role in determining visible reflectance, water content of leaves determine its microwave response. Radiative transfer models have been developed to explore relations between reflectances and microwave emission. Surface reflectivities at 19 and 37 GHz for horizontal and vertical polarizations have been calculated by atmospheric corrections to observations by the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I), which are compared with visible and near-infrared reflectances calculated by atmospheric corrections to observations by the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). This comparison has been made. for more than 200 globally distributed locations representing most major vegetations types for July and August of 1987, and for four locations in Africa for the period July 1987 to December 1989. The results are being interpreted in terms of radiative transfer models.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132435372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating The Storage Of Carbon In Alaskan Boreal Forests And Its Release During Fires","authors":"E. Kasischke, N. Christensen","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700203","url":null,"abstract":"Boreal forests represent one of the earth’s largest terrestrial biomes, covering 15 96 of the total land surface of the earth. These ecosystems also contain one of the largest pools of terrestrial carbon, containing between 200 and 270 petagrams (1 petagram = 10’’ grams) of carbon (1). Fire plays a central role in the cycling of carbon in boreal forests. Fire results in a direct release of carbon through consumption of living and dead biomass in the vegetation and ground-layers of these forests, and indirectly causes carbon release through increased decomposition of dead and dissolved organic matter, which in tum is caused by the warming of the ground layer after fire (1,2).","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121040832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating The Areal Extent Of Forest Fires In Interior Alaska In 1990 And 1991 Using AVHRR Data","authors":"N. French, E. Kasischke, L. Bourgeau-Chavez","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115751048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation Of Surface Fluxes Over Canopies During MAC-europe 1991 Campaign Using Combined Microwave And Optical Data","authors":"A. Vidal, O. Taconet, M. Moran, A. F. Rahman, H. Pelgrum, G. Rijckenberg, M. Normand, P. Cellier, K. Humes, S. Laguette, P. Olivier, L. Rakatoarivony, D. Madjar, T. Clarke, H. van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700191","url":null,"abstract":"An intensive field campaign in the Orgeval watershed, France, part of the NASA MAC-Europe'91 experiment, is described. A two-layer surface energy balance model, based on Deardorff' s formalism, has been tested and validated, in order to incorporate combined optical (visible to thermal infrared) and active microwave data. Retrieving evaporation fluxes using this synergy seems to be a reliable technique. Further work should increase temporal and spatial variability of remote sensed parameters to get better physical relationships between them and surface fluxes.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121248294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Slit Spectroscopy In The Ten Micron Infrared As A Tool For Remote Sensing","authors":"P. Levan","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700172","url":null,"abstract":"Long slit spectroscopy in the ten micron atmospheric window has confirmed its usefulness as a ground-based astronomical tool. For example, it has been used recently to resolve the circumstellar shell of Betelgeuse, the bright red star in the Orion Constellation. The angular size of the circumstellar shell is approximately a second of arc (arcsec), as measured near ten microns with a 2.3 meter telescope with no compensation for atmospheric turbulence. For comparison, the angular diameter of the star's photosphere found interferometrically by Michaelson is 45 milliarcsec. The success in resolving Betelgeuse at 10 microns is in part due to the instantaneous recording of all spectral and spatial elements that is possible with a long slit spectrometer and two-dimensional detector array. Also, the detection of extension was possible only with an analysis tool with which program and reference star data are compared. The aim here is to explore the capabilities of an earth-viewing platform using similar instrumentation and analysis techniques. Long slit data Long slit data is in the form of a twodimensional numerical array, with one axis corresponding to wavelength and the other to the distribution of radiation along the spectrograph slit. Contour plots of such data will indicate pronounced extension of the program source relative to the reference source. For more subtle levels of extension, a plot of the width of the one-dimensional radiation profile against wavelength (spatiogram) is the preferred alternative to a contour plot. The spectral properties of an extended radiation source can then be distinguished from those of the blur resulting from atmospheric turbulence and telescopic diffraction. This is true even for a mildly extended source, if the spatial extent varies with wavelength. Astronomical results In order to interpret differences in the spatiograms of Betelgeuse and the reference star Aldebaran, we consider their stellar radiation properties and the atmospheric transmission that give rise to the spectrum observed from the ground. Figure 1 shows spectra in the ten Figure 1. Spectral Flux (Watt cm-2 pm-')","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127462880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergic Use Of Microwave And Infra-red Radiornetry For Cloud Analysis","authors":"L. Tabary, L. Eymard, A. Zȧvody","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700224","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The classification of clouds and the evaluation of liquid water content interest meteorology and climate modelling from space. Many methods have been developped using either optical measurements (1) or microwave radiometers (2). But the number of simultaneous use of both techniques remain poor partly due to the problem of coincidence in time and place of the two kinds of measurements (3). Using microwave radiometry it is quite difficult to establish and validate a liquid water retrieval algorithm due to the lack of in-situ measurements, so a comparison to liquid water content obtained by optical method is interesting. The optical approach takes into account the fact that the reflectance is a function of the albedo itself related to the optical depth. Moreover combining infrared and visible (or near-visible) channels enables a cloud classification which can help to develop microwave algorithm. This preliminary study takes benefit of the exactly coincident measurements in time and location of the micowave radiometer (ATSWMWR) and infrared instrument (ATSRAR) aboard ERS1, to compare the results of optical and microwave approaches on some images acquired in July 1992.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132542270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Of Cloud Boundaries Measured With 8.6mm Radar And 10.6@tm Lidar","authors":"T. Uttal, J. Intrieri","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700221","url":null,"abstract":"AS previously published in theCOMPARISON OF CLOUD BOUNDARIES MEASURED WITH8.6 mm RADAR AND IQ.6 _m LIDARTaneil UttalNOAA Wave Propagation Laboratory325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80302Janet M. IntrieriCooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309INTRODUCTIONOne of the most basic cloud properties is location; the height of cloudbase and the height of cloud top. The glossary of meteorology defines cloudbase (top) as follows: \"For a given cloud or cloud layer, that lowest(highest) level in the atmosphere at which the air contains a perceptiblequantity of cloud particles\" _i) $ Our studies show that for a 8.66 mm radar,and a 10.6 _un lidar, the level at which cloud hydrometers become \"perceptible\"can vary significantly as a function of the different wavelengths, powers,beamwidths and sampling rates of the two remote sensors.THE EXPERIMENT for determining echo boundaries.This allows CLDSTATS to operate ondata sets collected by differentremote sensors, as long as the datais in Common Doppler Exchange Format(4). While we have run CLDSTATSprimarily on vertically pointingdata, the algorithm is sensitive toelevation angle, and in theory canbe run on different kinds of scans,for instance RHI scans.The user specifies a thresholdfield (e.g. reflectivity), athreshold value, and a minimumnumber of consecutive range gates inwhich the threshold value must existfor the in-cloud condition to bemet. To choose successful thresholdvalues, the user must havefamiliarity with the instrument andit's response to backscatteringtargets in the atmosphere. It shouldbe noted that CLDSTATS examines eachbeam of data separately, starting ata lower limit and ending at an upperlimit which is also user specified.Therefore, this algorithm is a I-Dfilter as opposed to similar cloudboundary detection program developedby Penn State University whichimposes a 2-D filter (5).CLDSTATS has been testedextensively on radar data, and wehave settled on a thresholdingcriteria using the normalizedcoherent power field that appears towork well for all but the musttenuous cirrus clouds. Normalizedcoherent power is a measure ofsignal coherence from pulse topulse. The lidar characterizationwas somewhat more difficult, sincebackground values of lidarbackscatter from aerosols weresometimes as high as in-cloudvalues. It was therefore necessaryIn November and December of1991, the First ISCCP RegionalExperiment II (FIRE II) wasconducted in Coffeyville, Kansas forthe purpose of studying cirrusclouds and their effects onplanetary radiation budgets. Thisexperiment was a large multi-organizational effort coordinated byNASA. It brought together a largenumber of surface, airborne, andsatellite-based active and passiveremote sensors.The NOAA Wave PropagationLaboratory (WPL) brought a Doppler,8.66 mm radar (2) and a Doppler,10.6 _/n lidar (3) and operated themside-by-side. Although 6othinstruments have scanningcapabilities, they operatedprimarily in a vertically p","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121033557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Of Land Degradation With Polarimetric SAR And Visible/near-infrared Imaging Spectroscopy","authors":"T. W. Ray, T. Farr, J. V. Van Zyl","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700227","url":null,"abstract":"The Manix Basin Area of the Mojave Desert has been used extensively for the cultivation of alfalfa with \u0000center-pivot sprinkler irrigation systems. Since 1972, \u0000a series of these fields has been abandoned. Data were \u0000collected using the Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar \u0000and Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer instruments in the summer of 1990. Polarimetric \u0000analysis of the AIRSAR data reveal changes in the morphology of the surfaces of the abandoned fields from cultivation patterns to patterns resulting from wind erosion. Calculation of a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on the AVIRIS data suggests that \u0000the abandoned fields support more vegetation than the \u0000undisturbed areas for the first few years of abandonment, \u0000but that the vegetation density on fields which have \u0000been abandoned for six or more years is lower than the undisturbed desert. Field observations confirm the remote sensing results.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Ultraviolet: Global Space Weather Systems","authors":"R. E. Huffman","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700212","url":null,"abstract":"was cleared for public release, ESC 92-967, 29 June 1992, CAP log number 28792.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116701550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleopatra: Participation Of The Dlr Institute Of Radio-frequency Technology In A Synergistic Remote Sensing Experiment - Data Takes Over Lechield","authors":"C. Schmullius, J. Nithack","doi":"10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMEAS.1993.700234","url":null,"abstract":"Untersuchung der Radarrueckstreuung im X-, C- und L-Band (HH- und VV-Polarisationen) und Reflexion im optischen und NIR- sowie thermischen Infrarot-Bereich von landwirtschaftlichen Flaechen. Erste Ergebnisse der multitemporalen CLEOPATRA-Kampagne mit zehn Ueberflugsterminen zwischen dem 2. April und 30. Juli 1992.","PeriodicalId":379014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117298274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}