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Challenges and the Need to Integrate Rolling Stock and Crew Scheduling for Efficient Railway Operations
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.076
Paul Päprer , Janis S. Neufeld , Udo Buscher , Martin Scheffler , Matthias Wastian , Jakob Rosenberger , Kanchan Joshi , Fatih Kocatürk , Jan Ehmke , Maximilian Kunovjanek , Nadine Schwab , Niki Popper
{"title":"Challenges and the Need to Integrate Rolling Stock and Crew Scheduling for Efficient Railway Operations","authors":"Paul Päprer ,&nbsp;Janis S. Neufeld ,&nbsp;Udo Buscher ,&nbsp;Martin Scheffler ,&nbsp;Matthias Wastian ,&nbsp;Jakob Rosenberger ,&nbsp;Kanchan Joshi ,&nbsp;Fatih Kocatürk ,&nbsp;Jan Ehmke ,&nbsp;Maximilian Kunovjanek ,&nbsp;Nadine Schwab ,&nbsp;Niki Popper","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The planning of traction units and drivers is a crucial strategic and tactical planning problem for railway companies. Due to the complexity of the individual problems, large railway undertakings typically solve these problems in a sequential manner, i.e., they first generate circulation plans and then use them to generate shift plans. As a consequence, the achievable quality of the shift plans depends on the operational efficiency of the circulation plan, and information dependencies between the two planning steps cannot be exploited. This paper presents different types of integrated circulation and shift planning. An investigation of the inherent challenges and benefits of an integrated planning approach is presented, initial approaches for data structures and algorithms are introduced, and first results are shown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 445-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic and Nonlinear Programming for Trajectory Planning in Moving Environments⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.046
Rebecca Richter
{"title":"Dynamic and Nonlinear Programming for Trajectory Planning in Moving Environments⁎","authors":"Rebecca Richter","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trajectory planning on high dimensional systems with respect to obstacle avoidance proposes multiple challenges to traditional techniques from optimization. While gradient based solvers tend to struggle with the non-smooth, non-differentiable structure of geometric collision avoidance constraints, sampling based methods can not handle complex dynamics. Also graph as well as dynamic programming based strategies become impractical facing the curse of dimensionality. Nevertheless, a strategy combining dynamic programming (DP) with nonlinear programming (NLP) into an iterative algorithm recently achieved promising results on a robotic arm scenario within a static environment. In this work, we modify the algorithm, to be able to handle moving environments, including on the one hand collision avoidance with time dependent obstacles, but also time dependent goal constraints. As a proof of concept, we apply the new strategy to a space manipulator, planning its trajectory towards a tumbling piece of space debris.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 265-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Closed-loop control of anesthesia using two-degrees-of-freedom control with a target-controlled infusion algorithm
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.063
Aleksander Vegelj , Igor Škrjanc , Gorazd Karer
{"title":"Closed-loop control of anesthesia using two-degrees-of-freedom control with a target-controlled infusion algorithm","authors":"Aleksander Vegelj ,&nbsp;Igor Škrjanc ,&nbsp;Gorazd Karer","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article proposes a new closed-loop control method to induce and maintain a desired depth of hypnosis during total intravenous anesthesia. The method utilizes two-degrees-of-freedom control, with propofol infusion rate as the input and bispectral index (BIS) as the output. A target-controlled infusion (TCI) algorithm called STANPUMP is used as the feedforward action to achieve the desired BIS response, and a feedback controller based on a Kalman filter deals with model uncertainties. Adding a TCI algorithm as the feedforward action improves the time-to-target and enhances patient safety. This is because it allows for a seamless transition to open-loop control if needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Error Estimator and Stopping Criterion for Krylov-Based Model Order Reduction in Acoustics
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.064
Siyang Hu , Nick Wulbusch , Alexey Chernov , Tamara Bechtold
{"title":"An Error Estimator and Stopping Criterion for Krylov-Based Model Order Reduction in Acoustics","authors":"Siyang Hu ,&nbsp;Nick Wulbusch ,&nbsp;Alexey Chernov ,&nbsp;Tamara Bechtold","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depending on the frequency range of interest, finite element-based modeling of acoustic problems leads to dynamical systems with very high dimensional state spaces. As these models can mostly be described with second-order linear dynamical systems with sparse matrices, model order reduction provides an interesting possibility to speed up the simulation process. In this work, we tackle the question of finding an optimal order for the reduced system, given the desired accuracy. To do so, we revisit a heuristic error estimator based on the difference of two reduced models from two consecutive Krylov iterations. We perform a mathematical analysis of the estimator and show that the difference between two consecutive reduced models does provide a sufficiently accurate estimation for the true model reduction error. This claim is supported by numerical experiments on two acoustic models. We briefly discuss its feasibility as a stopping criterion for Krylov-based model order reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 373-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insight-driven Optimization to Improve Dynamic Scheduling for Flexible Job-shops
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.077
Andreas Körner , Daniel Pasterk , Florian Stadler , Christine Zeh
{"title":"Insight-driven Optimization to Improve Dynamic Scheduling for Flexible Job-shops","authors":"Andreas Körner ,&nbsp;Daniel Pasterk ,&nbsp;Florian Stadler ,&nbsp;Christine Zeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Planning and scheduling problems can be challenging to manage, and the related optimization problem is often too complex to solve in real-time. The typical approach to address this issue is to apply heuristic policies, which perform reasonably well. Machine learning algorithms can be used to replace heuristics, but this raises the issue of obtaining unexplainable solutions. The application of reinforcement learning with policy extraction technique can help produce explainable results to improve the dynamic system of the planning and scheduling problem. As a case study, we use the simulation model of a dynamic flexible job shop to learn a solution strategy for the associated scheduling problem with deep reinforcement learning. Based on this, we were able to extract a decision tree that is superior to classical dispatching heuristics for a wide variety of scenarios. It also provides valuable information about the criteria for decision-making. Here we offer a new approach to analyzing and solving these problems - leading to an improvement in dynamic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 451-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online Model-Adaptation for an Uncertain Liquid-Liquid Mixer System
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.032
Daniel Topalovic , Chrysoula Bliatsiou , Jörn Villwock , Matthias Kraume , Steffi Knorn
{"title":"Online Model-Adaptation for an Uncertain Liquid-Liquid Mixer System","authors":"Daniel Topalovic ,&nbsp;Chrysoula Bliatsiou ,&nbsp;Jörn Villwock ,&nbsp;Matthias Kraume ,&nbsp;Steffi Knorn","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a practical modeling approach for a batch-operated, stirred reactor is investigated that shows significant deviations in system behavior to the same actuation applied over multiple batches. Starting from an easily identifiable, sub-optimal, linear dynamical model to describe the basic dynamic behavior of the system, an augmented model reformulation is defined. This is used to model observed, nonlinear drift effects and static differences that can be seen in the system response over multiple batches, which can finally be estimated using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The quality of this adaptive model approach that can be used in an online fashion is further assessed using a prediction error for all performed experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physics-Informed Sparse Gaussian Processes for Model Predictive Control in Building Energy Systems⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.009
Thore Wietzke , Knut Graichen
{"title":"Physics-Informed Sparse Gaussian Processes for Model Predictive Control in Building Energy Systems⁎","authors":"Thore Wietzke ,&nbsp;Knut Graichen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient energy management in building energy systems (BES) is essential for reducing energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort. One effective approach is Model Predictive Control (MPC), which optimizes control actions based on a model of the building; however, deriving such models can be costly and time-consuming. This paper combines Gaussian Processes (GP) with parametric mean functions which can be viewed as Physics Informed Gaussian Processes (PIGP). The PIGP is evaluated against other approaches to identify the thermal dynamics of BES, showing that the PIGP provides the best predictive accuracy. Furthermore, these models are integrated into a nonlinear MPC to compare energy demand and constraint violations in a sample BES, with simulations indicating that the PIGP results in lower energy demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classification Tasks with Local and Global Resource Allocation Constraints⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.012
Danit Abukasis Shifman , Itay Margolin , Chen Halfi , Gonen Singer
{"title":"Classification Tasks with Local and Global Resource Allocation Constraints⁎","authors":"Danit Abukasis Shifman ,&nbsp;Itay Margolin ,&nbsp;Chen Halfi ,&nbsp;Gonen Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficiently allocating limited resources in classification problems is an important task in many real-world applications. We propose a two-phase framework consisting of machine learning and optimization models to address this challenge. In the first phase, a machine learning model is used to obtain a probability matrix for potential classifications. In the second phase, the probability matrix is used as input for a linear programming model, which is designed to minimize misclassification costs while considering resource constraints. This study addresses both local and global resource availability constraints, which we define in the context of classification problems as: target-based constraints—limiting the total number of entities that can be assigned to various classes; and feature-based constraints—limiting the number of entities from each subgroup, defined by a specific feature value, that can be assigned to various classes (e.g., geographic-based limitations). We prove that the coefficient constraint matrix in the linear programming model is totally unimodular, guaranteeing that integer optimal solutions can be obtained using efficient linear programming algorithms. An experimental study illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework in terms of time and performance in resource allocation compared to the commonly used conventional method. This two-phase approach advances the application of machine learning and operations research in resource-constrained environments, offering a scalable framework for solving complex classification problems under various constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analyzing errors and uncertainties in measurement problems 分析测量问题中的误差和不确定性
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.054
K. Tüting , D. Langemann
{"title":"Analyzing errors and uncertainties in measurement problems","authors":"K. Tüting ,&nbsp;D. Langemann","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A practical measurement always raises the question of how well it reproduces the concept to be quantified. We present a mathematical perspective on the measurement problem by introducing a conceptual framework that allows an analytical discussion of this question. Within this framework, we define the measurement result, the concept to be measured, the epistemic errors and aleatory uncertainties. We discuss the first quantifications inside a measurement procedure by analyzing the mathematical spaces and operators. Finally, we apply our considerations to voltage measurements with sampling oscilloscopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 313-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards Automated Model Order Reduction and Feedback Control for Nonlinear Finite Element Models⁎ 实现非线性有限元模型的自动模型阶次缩减和反馈控制⁎
IFAC-PapersOnLine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.025
Arwed Schütz , Michael Olbrich , Aliakbar Taghdiri , Christoph Ament , Tamara Bechtold
{"title":"Towards Automated Model Order Reduction and Feedback Control for Nonlinear Finite Element Models⁎","authors":"Arwed Schütz ,&nbsp;Michael Olbrich ,&nbsp;Aliakbar Taghdiri ,&nbsp;Christoph Ament ,&nbsp;Tamara Bechtold","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spanning applications from microsystems to passenger jets, finite element (FE) models play a crucial role in the design of a wide range of technical products. However, such models are not suited for applications at system-level or in control due to their large scale. While several schemes to obtain models and controllers based on FE models exist, they either require high-level access to the FE software, create black-box models without physical interpretation, or require specialist knowledge. This paper outlines a workflow to generate highly efficient models and appropriate controllers for nonlinear FE models at the push of a button. In a first step, model order reduction via proper orthogonal decomposition creates an accurate surrogate model of drastically smaller dimension. Nonlinearities are handled via the trajectory piecewise linear approximation (TPWL), maximizing compatibility with commercial FE software by exclusively relying on data produced by regular solutions. Complementing TPWL, gain-scheduling is deployed to establish a precise controller. The proposed workflow is demonstrated for a tunable prism, showcasing its efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37894,"journal":{"name":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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